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1、Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning about Language2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册课前导学一、 课前预习非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near.我们所期盼的暑假即将到来。（一）引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：关系代词 which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词when, whe
2、re等 Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。 关系词在句中所作成分：关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词：状语The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。Once more I am in Boston, where I have
3、 not been for years. 我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来了。（二）as的用法as 也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。（1）as 引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配 such. . .as, the same . . . as中。He is not the same man as he was. 他和以前不一样了。（2） as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，常译为“正如”。Smoking is harmful to ones health, as is known to us all. 众
4、所周知，吸烟有害健康。（3）as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.正如我所指出的，蔬菜在日常饮食中很重要。（4）as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构，如：as is known to us 众所周知as is reported 正如所提及的那样as we all know 众所周知as has been said before 正如之前所说（三）使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用
5、who, whom指代人，用which 指代物。She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。They went to London, where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。In the presence of so many people he was a little tense,
6、 which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 （4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用 for which 代替 why。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。（四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别（1）形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。This is the best passage that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好
7、的文章。I read a passage last night, which is very interesting. 我昨天晚上读了一篇文章，它非常有趣。（2）作用不同限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，对先行词仅起补充说明作用，若缺少，句意仍相对完整。Do you remember the man who taught us English? 你记得教我们英语的那个人吗？She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. 她和家
8、人都骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。可通过以下两个例句对比理解两者的区别：His brother who is 19 years old is serving in the army now. 他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。 (他有不止一个哥哥）His brother, who is 19 years old, is serving in the army now. 他的哥哥今年19岁，正在部队服役。 (他只有一个哥哥）（3）翻译不同限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从句放在先行词前，译为“的先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。He is
9、 the man who lives next to me. 他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me. 他是个热心肠的人，住在我的隔壁。（4）关系词不同关系代词 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词都不可省略。Mr. White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends. 你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。 (非限制性定语从句，whom在从句中作宾语，不能省略）（五）特殊结构“
10、名词代词of + which/whom” There are 30 chairs in the hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。 六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构：非限制性定语从句一选关系代词并列句一选人称代词或指示代词 He came late again and this made his boss angry. 他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。This is my smart phone and it was bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的智能手机。I met Professor Xu,
11、 who told me the result of the election.我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。二、自我检测1.In_(总结), dont make comments on others words and deeds. （根据汉语提示单词拼写)2.It is too early to draw a c_(结论) before looking into the matter. (根据中英文提示填空)3.His first n_(小说) has received good reviews since it came out last month.4.Be sure to r
12、eview everything in the section, including tables, graphs, and c_ (图表).5.I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will f_(流动) next and how fast.6.Whatever our c_(状况) are, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desire.7.The criminals can not escape the net of justice even if
13、they f_(逃跑) to the remotest corners of the earth.8.This is the most common sleeping position in the UK. Sleeping like this can help repair w_ and t_ (磨损)in the back. (根据中英文提示填空)9.So far she has created many programs, _ _ _(其中之一)received award at her provinces science fair. (根据汉语提示完成句子)10.We hoped th
14、at the matter_(能有一个满意的结果). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 答案及解析1.答案：summary/conclusion解析：根据括号内词义，总结可译为summary/conclusion, in summary/conclusion总之，是固定搭配。故填：summary/conclusion。2.答案：conclusion/onclusion解析：考查名词。句意：在调查这件事之前下结论还为时过早。分析句意且根据汉语提示可知，空处应填名词conclusion,作动词draw的宾语，被不定冠词a修饰，表示“结论”，其中draw a conclusion为固定搭配，表示“下结论”。
15、故填conclusion。3.答案：novel解析：句意:自从上个月出版以来,他的第一部小说收到了好的评论。4.答案：charts解析：句意：一定要复习本节中的所有内容，包括表格、图和图表。5.答案：flow解析：句意：我帮助其他科学家预测火山熔岩下一步将流向何处以及流动的速度。6.答案：circumstances解析：句意：不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和渴望。 7.答案：flee解析：句意：罪犯就是跑到天涯海角，也逃不出法网。 8.答案：wear/ear tear/ear解析：考查固定短语辨析。句意：这是英国最常见的睡姿。这样的睡眠可以帮助修复背部的磨损。根据句意“磨损”可知，固
16、定短语wear and tear符合题意。9.答案：one of which解析：考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止，她已经创建了许多项目，其中一个项目在她所在的省的科学博览会上获奖，句中先行词为programs,在非限定性定语从句中作one of(其中之一)的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。结合汉语提示及句意，故填one of which.10.答案：can be brought to a satisfactory conclusion解析：考查固定短语和被动语态，句意：我们希望这件事能得到一个满意的结果。根据汉语提示“有一个满意的结果”短语为bring to a satisfactory conclusion,且与matter构成被动关系，应使用被动语态，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填can be brought to a satisfactory conclusion.版权所有正确教育 侵权必究！