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1、主题语境练12选择性必修第一册UNIT 1科学与技术限时30分钟阅读理解A(2023郴州质检)体裁:说明文主题语境:科学精神难度: Shawanee Patrick is passionate about giving everyone the ability to walk as comfortably and effectively as possible through the use of walking assistive devices, such as prosthetics (假肢) and orthotics. A Ph.D.student in the J. Mike wa
2、lker 66 Department of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A & M University, Patrick was inspired to help develop better walking assistive devices by the partial paralysis (瘫痪) of her grandmother.Her research focuses on developing and improving walking assistive devices by determining what inputs are imp
3、ortant and outcomes that could improve the design process. “I like to say my research is about how to help people who cant walk be able to walk, and how to help those who do walk, walk better.” Patrick said. “Thats kind of my aim. Walking improves the quality of life, so itЙ
4、011;s really important we help those facing challenges when we can.”There existed some challenges to Patricks research as well. Patricks researchwhich works with human studieshad been delayed several times by the health and availability of her subjects. Patrick said the process o
5、f conducting her research includes investigating the users needs from various angles. From the perspective of the user themselves to their physician and family members, Patrick said it is necessary to build a complete picture of them.Patrick is determined to make a positive impact on the l
6、ives of the people she works with as well as the thousands more like them. Although the specific project she is working on will not be going to market, Patrick said she is hopeful that the research she is conducting could one day influence the development of a product that makes its way to those who
7、 could greatly benefit from the support.肖瓦妮帕特里克受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发,发明了一种步行辅助设备,帮助有需要的人提高生活质量,生活得更好。1.What inspired Patrick to start the project?A. Her strong desire to help the old.B. Her grandmothers disability.C. Her assignment in university.D. Her enthusiasm about mechanical engineering.答案与解析B
8、细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知,帕特里克是受到了祖母部分瘫痪的启发才启动了这个项目,故选B。2.What is the purpose of Patricks research?A. To figure out the facts about inputs.B. To cope with the important challenges.C. To improve the lives of those in need.D. To perfect the design process.答案与解析C细节理解题。由第二段可知,帕特里克的研究是关于如何帮助那些不会走路的人能够走路
9、,以及如何帮助那些会走路的人走得更好。由此可知,帕特里克的研究目的是帮助那些需要帮助的人生活得更好,故选C。3.What was the necessary step when Patrick conducted the research?A. Fully understand the users demands.B. Draw a precise picture.C. Investigate the users health and availability.D. Contact the users physician and fa
10、mily members.答案与解析A细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“帕特里克说,她的研究过程包括从不同角度调查用户的需求。从用户自己到医生和家人的角度来看,有必要让他们了解完整的情况”可知,帕特里克认为,从不同角度调查用户的需求是很必要的,故选A。4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. How to Walk BetterB. A Cure for Painful PatientsC. A New Walking DeviceD. A Helpful Project Launched by A Student
11、答案与解析D标题归纳题。文章主要讲述博士生肖瓦妮帕特里克受到了祖母局部瘫痪的启发,发明了一种步行辅助设备,故选D。B(2023保定联考)体裁:说明文主题语境:现代技术难度: Mirko Kovac, using collective building methods inspired by natural builders like bees and wasps, has developed a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its n
12、ozzle (喷头), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovacs team has removed these restrictions by giving the printer nozzle wings.Writing in the latest edition of Nature, Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones (无人机): builders and scan
13、ners. The builders carry the 3Dprinting nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are responsible for monitoring the progress of the builders.The building process alternates between builders and scanners, layer by layer; printing and adjusting, until a structure is complete. First,
14、a builder hovers (盘旋) over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material as it moves along its flight path. The choice of material is importantit must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but powerful enough to hold the subsequent layers that will be built on to
15、p.Once the builder robot has sprayed a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress. The system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any errors that might have been discovered in what has already been built. These could be
16、errors made by the builderdrones or imperfections in the expansion of the building material.While these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing by passing some tests with flying colours, Dr Kovac says their bread and butter will probably be, initially, in repair, fixing building parts
17、in dangerous or otherwise inaccessible places. Nevertheless, thinking more long term, Dr Kovac even sees a potential future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars.本文主要讲述了Kovac所创造的飞行3D建造器。5.What is the key problem of a typical 3D printer?A. It is too small.B. It is
18、not flexible enough.C. It cant be moved.D. It doesnt draw inspiration from nature.答案与解析B细节理解题。由第一段第一句中“has developed a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing (研发出了一种提高3D打印灵活性的方法)”和其后提到的“受喷头限制只能打印出比自身小的物体”可知,3D打印机的关键问题是不够灵活,故选B。6.What can we infer about Kovacs pri
19、nter from paragraph 4?A. The process of spraying material works out exactly as planned.B. It is the scanner robots that decide what the next player should be like.C. Adaptation is necessary in the building process.D. Expansion of the building material should be prevented.答案与解析C推理判断题。由第四段最后一句“这些可能是建造
20、无人机的错误,也可能是建筑材料膨胀的缺陷”可知,在建筑过程中,对于这些问题的出现,调整是必要的,故选C。7.Where may Kovacs 3D builders be first used?A. In repairing buildings.B. In painting highrise buildings.C. In testing the security of buildings.D. In constructing on the Moon or Mars.答案与解析A细节理解题。由最后一段中“它们最初的主要工作可能是修理,在危险或无法到达的地方修理建筑部件”可知
21、,Kovac的3D建造器首次可能用于修复建筑,故选A。8.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Building RobotsB. Flying 3D BuildersC. Occupying MarsD. Natural Builders答案与解析B标题归纳题。第二段介绍飞行机器人的系统;下文介绍它的构成,工作原理和应用领域,由此可知,文章主要讲解的是飞行3D建造器,故选B。完形填空(2023浙江十校联考)体裁:记叙文主题语境:积极的人生态度难度: JESSICA WELLS had always wanted to be a nurse.
22、 In 2006, she 1 to the Associate Science of Nursing (ASN) program. 2, her GPA wasnt high enough to make the cut, so she was 3 as a general education student, hoping to improve her academic 4.Eventually, Wells, who is deaf, blossomed, 5 the accommodations (调和) that the college offered to he
23、r, such as volunteer note takers and 6 who accompanied her in class.After college administrators asked an employee whether Wells, a 7 girl, would make it as a nursing student, the employee reported that “the deaf or hardofhearing individual can be 8 as both a medical student and a nurse.” Wells, the
24、n in her mid20s, was accepted into the ASN program in fall 2007.On January 22, however, just before the spring 2008 semester began, Wells received a letter from the school, 9 her from the program. The college decided that her “hearing loss would 10 limit (and in some cases completely limit) her abil
25、ity to safely conduct 11 shifts.” On January 21, 2009, Wells made a protest to the Circuit Court of Greene County. She claimed that her failure to stay in the program 12 the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).“Shed done just fine in her training,” says Wellss lawyer, Rita Sand
26、ers. “The schools decision had no 13.”However, the college replied, arguing that the loss of hearing will 14 a direct threat to the health or safety of patients. Faced with such an injustice, Wells resolved to fight for herself and others facing the same 15.1.A. turnedB. admittedC. applied
27、D. ceased2.A. UnfortunatelyB. SurprisinglyC. FinallyD. Unbelievably3.A. extractedB. enrolledC. rejectedD. inquired4.A. tendencyB. beliefC. assessmentD. performance5.A. but forB. thanks toC. apart fromD. up to6.A. professorsB. companionsC. advisersD. interpreters7.A. hearingdisabledB. strongwilledC.
28、kindheartedD. shortsighted8.A. toughB. ambitiousC. successfulD. reasonable9.A. dismissingB. employingC. escapingD. skipping10.A. seldomB. greatlyC. totallyD. slightly11.A. socialB. academicC. clinicalD. athletic12.A. goes againstB. turns downC. calls forD. gets through13.A. consequencesB. theoriesC.
29、 faithsD. grounds14.A. poseB. markC. switchD. yield15.A. recognitionB. dilemmaC. prejudiceD. preference答案与解析文章主要讲述杰西卡威尔斯在失聪的艰难处境中不甘于向命运屈服而努力求学上进的故事。1.C威尔斯在2006年时申请了护理助理科学课程,然后在2007年被接收。故选C。admit “承认,准许某人加入”; apply “申请,应用”; cease “停止,结束”。2.A“她的平均分数不够高”与上文她申请了护理助理科学课程在逻辑上构成转折关系。故选A。unfortunately “不幸的是
30、”; surprisingly “令人惊讶地”; finally “最终”; unbelievably “难以置信地”。3.B根据“a general education student (普通教育学生)”可知,这是威尔斯的身份,be enrolled as “被招收为”。故选B 。extract “摘录,提取”; enrol “登记,吸收(成员)”; reject “拒绝”; inquire “询问,调查”。4.D根据“her GPA wasnt high enough”可知,威尔斯想要符合要求参与护理助理科学课程就需要提高她的学分,academic performanc
31、e “学业成绩”。故选D。tendency “趋向”; belief “信念”; assessment “评价”; performance “表现”。5.B根据“the accommodations (调和) that the college offered to her (学校为她做的调节)”可知,这是失聪的威尔斯能变得自信的原因。故选B。but for “要不是”; thanks to “多亏,由于”; apart from “除了,此外”; up to “达到”。6.B根据“accompanied her in class (在课堂上陪伴她)”可知,威尔斯在课堂有了同伴。故选B。prof
32、essor “教授”; companion “同伴”; adviser “顾问”; interpreter “口译员”。7.A根据“the deaf or hardofhearing individual”可知,威尔斯不具有听力能力。故选A。hearingdisabled “听力残疾的”; strongwilled “意志力坚定的”; kindhearted “仁慈的,善良的”; shortsighted “近视的,目光短浅的 ”。8.C由“威尔斯于2007年秋季被护理助理科学课程录取”可知,管理人员认为威尔斯能成功地作为护理专业的学生和护士。故选C。tough “艰难的”; ambitiou
33、s “有雄心的”; successful “成功的”; reasonable “合理的”。9.A由上文可知,威尔斯于2007年秋季被护理助理科学课程录取;再由however一词可知情况发生了变化,学校将她从课程计划中除名,dismiss . from . “将(某人)从开除,使(某人)退去”。故选A。dismiss “解雇, 让(某人)离开”; employ “雇佣”; escape “逃走”; skip “跳过,不参加”。10.B根据“in some cases completely limit”可知,学院认为威尔斯的听力受损会很大程度上影响她的工作。故选B。seldom “很少”; gre
34、atly “极大地”; totally “完全地”; slightly “轻微地”。11.C威尔斯是学习护理专业的,根据shift一词可知,护士在临床工作中会有交接的工作进行。故选C。 social “社会的”; academic “学业的”; clinical “临床的,临床诊断的”; athletic “健壮的,田径运动的”。12.A由“威尔斯向格林县巡回法院提出抗议”可知,她认为学校让她从该课程中离开的做法是违背法律规定的。故选A。go against “违背,反对”; turn down “调低,拒绝”; call for “需要,提倡”; get through “通过,完成”。13
35、.D由“威尔斯的律师丽塔桑德斯表示:她在培训中表现不错。”可知,律师丽塔桑德斯认为学校没有理由做出让她从该课程中离开的决定。故选D。consequence “结果”; theory “理论”; faith “信念”; ground “理由,论据”。14.A根据“a direct threat to the health or safety of patients (对患者健康或安全的直接威胁)”可知,选择pose一词合乎语义的需要,pose a threat to “对造成威胁”。故选A。pose “造成,引起”; mark “标记”; switch “转换”; yield “屈服,产生”。1
36、5.C根据上文的讲述以及“such an injustice (这样的不公正)”可知,威尔斯因为残疾而在学业上受到了偏见,为此她要通过法律向学校讨要公平。故选C。 recognition “认可,认出”; dilemma “困境,窘境”; prejudice “偏见”; preference “偏爱”。文本再利用微写作(仿写文中加黑体的句子,补全下面的读后续写主旨升华) Though she has been deaf since she was 6 months old, she has set a good example to all of us. Faced with difficulty, we should resolve to stick to our goal and keep on trying (面对困难,我们应该下定决心坚持我们的目标,继续努力).