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1、2021届中考英语阅读理解强化训练（三）人物传记类(-)Why do I live?Why do I wish for anything,or do anything?Is there anything in my life thatwill not be destroyed by my death?Like Leo Tolstoy,the famous Russian writer,many people askthese difficult questions.Tolstoy spent his whole life trying to answer these difficult que
2、stions.As a young man,he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough.So heworked very hard to be the best in everything.He thought that he would find meaning and truthin success.In 1850s,Tolstoy wrote his first stories.He wrote about his life in the army.He also told storiesabo
3、ut his childhood.These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer.He earned the respect he always wanted.Many rich and smart men met and talked withTolstoy.Some of them were writers like him.They talked a lot about faith(信 彳 卬)and the meaningof life.But soon Tolstoy recognized that
4、these men were not perfect.Now he knew they could notanswer his questions about faith.So in the 1860s,Tolstoy tried a different way to find the meaning of life.He opened a schoolfor the children of his serfs-the people who worked on his land.These workers were very poor.He wanted to help them becaus
5、e he thought they were more honest than the rich people heknew.Tolstoy learned a lot from his workers.He understood how they worked hard to support theirfamilies.He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning.So in 1862,Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs.Th
6、e next 15 years were the best years of Tolstoys life.It was during this time that he wrote hismost famous booksWar and Peace and Anna Karenina.Many experts say that War and Peace isone of the greatest books ever written.In these books,Tolstoy believed humans should live asimple life and take care of
7、 their families.Tolstoy thought this would satisfy him and bring himhappiness.Leo Tolstoy is still a very respected writer today.His faith and writings have influenced manypeople all over the world.1.Which is the correct order of the following events?Tolstoy served in the army.Tolstoy got married.To
8、lstoy wrote War and Peace.Tolstoy opened a school.Tolstoy became a well-known writer.A.B.C.D.2.Why did Tolstoy want to be the best in everything when he was young?A.To prepare for his books.B.To achieve perfection.C.To make a lot of money.D.To show his wisdom.3.Tolstoy thought he would learn a lot f
9、rom his workers because they we r e.A.poor B.honest C.friendly D.patient4.According to the passage,which of the following is the most important to Tolstoy?A.Family.B.Success.C.Wealth.D.Fame（名声）.5.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Leo Tolstoy:Living for writing.B.Leo Tolstoy:influencing the w
10、orld.C.Leo Tolstoy:Being the best in everything.D.Leo Tolstoy:Searching for the meaning of life.（二）Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th,1911.He is known as the father ofChinas space program and the king of the rocket.When he was 24 years old,Qian went to America for further study.After
11、graduation,heworked in America for a few years,where his working conditions were better.In the early 1950s,he heard New China had been founded（成立）and decided not to stay in America any longer.Hesucceeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955 though the American government tried tostop him.In 1956
12、,Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization,which later became theleading organization for Chinas rocket and air travel programs.In June 1964,China successfullycreated its first medium rocket.Qian also played an important role in developing Chinas firstman-made satellite（卫星）.On April 24
13、,1 970,Dongfanghong-1 was successfully sent into theair.In 1964,a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in his publishedarticle.Qian immediately answered the letter and encouraged the young man to write an articleabout the mistake.Zhu Yilin,who was said to be the last studen
14、t of Qian Xuesen,once said,I learned a lot ofprofessional knowledge as well as the spirit and attitude that a scientist should have from Mr.Qian,especially his deep love for the motherland.Without that,he couldnt have helped todevelop science and technology when New China was badly in need of scient
15、ists for itsdevelopment.Without that,he would not have made the great contribution（贡献）to rocketindustry in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.*Mr.Qian has been dead for ten years,but he will live in the memory of Chinese people forever.1.Why did Qian Xuesen go to A
16、merica when he was young?A.To find a new job.B.To receive further study.C.To meet with his parents.D.To find better working conditions.2.When was Chinas first medium rocket created?A.In 1955.B.In 1956.C.In 1964.D.In 1970.3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?A.The way Qian Xuesen tried to return to
17、 China.B.The reason why a special organization was set up.C.The role Qian Xuesen played in making the satelliteD.The contribution Qian Xuesen has made to China.4.In Zhu Yilins opinion,what made Qian Xuesen work hard for his motherland?A.His love for the motherland.B.His professional knowledge.C.His
18、working experience.D.His anger towards America.5.We can learn from the passage t hat.A.Qian was not welcome in America in the 1950sB.the young man couldnt understand Qians articlesC.New China was in great need of scientists like QianD.hard conditions made it easier to develop rocket industry（三）Darri
19、us was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand.He had to workhard to do things that were easy for others.Every time his classmates tried to help,he would say,Thanks,but I can do it myself.He learned to use the four fingers to do different things.When Darrius was 10,he told
20、 his father that he liked piano（钢琴）music very much.Its toobad you cant play/his father said.But the boy took that as a challenge（挑战）.I will showpeople that I can,he said to himself.Months later,a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away.He taught himself toplay the piano and practised for
21、 hours a day.Darriuss favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma,a Korean musician.It tookDarrius a year to learn it.I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers/he said.When he succeeded,he felt so proud.Later he was lucky enough to play the music together withYiruma at a famous
22、 conceit hall!Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing hisown music.Darrius has made it.And his music is popular today.I may have a disability,he says,but I dont let it hold me back from anything.l.What did Darrius take as a challenge at the age of 10?A.Writing his music.B.Playing th
23、e piano.C.Giving a concert.D.Visiting a hall.2.How long did it take Darrius to learn to play River Flows in You?A.A year B.A month C.A day D.An hour3.Who encouraged Darrius to follow his dream?A.His classmate.B.His father.C.A neighbour.D.A musician.4 .What can we learn about Darrius from the text?A.
24、He has a strong will B.He bought himself a piano.C.He gave up his dream D.He only plays others*music（四）In the state of Qin 傣 国）,there was a man called Shang Yang（商鞅）.He was a statesman（政治家）and worked out many reforms（改革）for the state,like paying more attention to farmingand giving rewards（报酬）to sold
25、iers who were successful when at war.But these reforms were not easily carried out（执行）at first.Most people didnt trust ShangYang.In order to solve this problem,Shang Yang came up with an idea.He put a thin woodenpole at the south gate of the Qin capital.Many people came to see him and the pole.Then,
26、in front of the crowd,Shang Yang said loudly,“The man who takes this pole to the northgate will get 10 gold pieces/It was a sample job and the reward was so large.However;some time passed and no onestepped forward.They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.Hearing no answer,Shang Yang stepped for
27、ward and said,“The reward now goes to 50 goldpieces/This reward was unbelievably large.Finally,a man from the crowd came forward.He put thepole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate.True to his word,Shang Yang gave the man50 gold pieces.After that,the people of Qin were all talking about wha
28、t Shang Yang did about the pole.Theybelieved he was a man of his word.So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms,thepeople followed him.Under these great reforms,Qin grew stronger and slinger.At last,Qin madeall the seven states into one empire（帝国）.l.What did Shang Yang do?A.A statesman.B.A k
29、ing.C.An emperor.D.A soldier.2.In order to carry out his reforms,what idea did Shang Yang have?A.Having a wooden pole carrying competition.B.Having a wooden pole cutting competitionC.The man stepping forward first would be praised.D.The man carrying the pole from south gate to the north one would ge
30、t some gold pieces.3.Why did Shang Yangs reward increase at last?A.Because a man stepped forward.B.Because there wasnt enough time.C.Because Shang Yang heard no answer.D.Because Shang Yang was happy.4/They believed he was a man of his word/What does the underlined part mean?A.A man who can speak lou
31、dly.B.A man who likes to speak a lot.C.A man who keeps his word.D.A man of few words.5.After these great reforms,what happened in the history of China?A.Shang Yang became the first emperor.B.The first empire of China appeared.C.The south gate fell down.D.The state of Qin became weaker and weaker.（五）
32、学而不思则周Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history?Many people would think of Confucius,whose birthday was September 28.Although he lived over 2,000 years ago,people still rememberand respect him for his contribution to the education today.Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu,which lies in Shandon
33、g Province.He lived during theSpring and Autumn Period.He had a hard childhood.His father died when he was only 3.Hismother brought him up.As a child,he had to work to help his mother,but young Confucius didntgive up studying.He visited many famous teachers and learned music,history,poetry and sport
34、s.Later,he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history.At that timeonly children from noble families could go to school,but Confucius believed everyone should goto school if they wanted to learn.He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.Today,people still follow Confuci
35、us lessons.He told us that we all have something worthyto be learned.4When I am with three people,one of them must be better than me in some areas.Ichoose their good qualities and follow them.He also taught us that thinking is very important in study.UA11 study but no thinking makespeople puzzled（困惑
36、的）.AH thinking but no study makes people lazy.”Confucius is not only a great teacher,but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about theworld and society.His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners.UA personshould be strict with himself,but be kind to others,he said.1.Today w
37、e still remember Confucius mainly because.A.he lived a poor life in his childhoodB.he had wise thoughts and great views about educationC.he traveled with his students from state to stateD.he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period2.Confucius learned music,history,poetry and sports as a child.A.by
38、teaching himself at homeB.with the help of his motherC.by going to schoolD.by visiting many famous teachers3.The underlined word“noble“in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to.A.poor B.bright C.wealthy D.cute4 .The correct order of the following statements is.Confucius worked to help his mother as
39、a child.Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime.Confucius father died.Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history.A.B.C.D.5 .Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.A11 study but no thinking makes people puzzled.B.No one has something worthy to be le
40、arned.C.AH thinking but no study makes people lazy.D.A person should be strict with himself,but be kind to others.（六）World famous physicist（物理学家）Stephen Hawking died peacefully at his home inCambridge on March 14th,2018.Hawking was born in Oxford,England on January 8th,1942.He went to school jn a sm
41、all citynear London.As he himself admitted,he wasnt very serious about studying.He did very littlework,he was never top of his class.However,he still achieved good marks.After leaving school,Hawking first went to Oxford University to study physics.Then he went to Cambridge Universityto study cosmolo
42、gy（宇宙学）.At the age of 21,Hawking noticed something wrong with him.He had a bad illness thatstopped him from moving and talking.He couldnt communicate except by blinking（眨眼）.He saton a wheelchair with a computer by his side.To communicate with others,he moved two fingersto control the computers mouse
43、.He chose his words from the screen,which were then spokenby a voice synthesizer（音响合成器）.Tve had the disease for most of my life,Hawking once said,Yet it has not stopped me from being successful at my work.Although Hawking was a disabled man,he made great achievements.He received manyawards and prize
44、s for his work,including the Albert Einstein Awardthe highest achievement inphysics.Hawking worked at Cambridge University as a professor.His story shows that nobody,however bad their situation is,should lose hope,Life is not fair.he once said,You just have todo the best you can in your own situatio
45、n.l .When did Stephen Hawking pass away?A.On January 8th,1942B.On March 14th,2018C.On March 24th,20182.During studying in a small city near London,we know that.A.Stephen Hawking was the best student of his classB.Stephen Hawking didnt work hard at his lessonsC.Stephen Hawking began to study cosmolog
46、y3.What happened to Stephen Hawking when he was 21?A.There was something wrong with his headB.He couldnt even blink to communicate except by moving fingersC.He could neither talk nor move4 .How did Stephen Hawking communicate with others after the bad illness?A.By mouthB.By body languagesC.By a voic
47、e synthesizer5.Why was Stephen Hawking so successful at his work?A.Because he never hope in his own conditionB.Because life was not fair for himC.Because he had a bad illness答案以及解析（一）答案：1-5 CBBAD解析：1.细节理解题。根据in the army,married,War and Peace,opened a school,a well-knownwriter”在短文中的位置可知选C o2 .细节理解题。根
48、据短文第二段中的As a young man,he thought people could achieveperfection if they tried hard enough.可知,他想要达到完美。故选 B o3细节理解题。根据短文第五段中“He wanted to help them because he thought they were morehonest than the rich people he knew.”可知，工人们比富人更诚实。故选B。4 .推理判断题。根据短文第六段中He understood how they worked hard to support the
49、irfamilies.He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning.”可分析出歹ij夫托尔斯泰逐步认识到家庭在他生活中真正的意义。故选A o5 .主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，文章主要按时间顺序讲述了列夫托尔斯泰想要过完美且有意义的人生，并为此而努力的过程。故选D。（二）答案：1-5 BCDAC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段首句When he was 24 years old,Qian went to America forfurther study.”可知，钱学森去美国的目的是学习深造。故选B。
50、2 .细节理解题。根据第三段第二句In June 1964,China successfully created its first mediumrocket.可知，中国是在1 96 4 年成功研制出了中型火箭。故选C。3.主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，第三段主要讲钱学森对中国的贡献。故选D。4 .细节理解题。根据第五段中的”.especially his deep love for the motherland.”可知，钱学森最令人敬佩之处是对祖国的热爱，这也是他努力为祖国工作的动力。故选A。5.推理判断题。A 项与第二段第二句中.he worked in America for a few y