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1、读后续写素材与练专题（1）续写微技能与思维点拨 续写主要存在四个方面问题：1） 对原文的理解不到位，续写文不对题；2） 与段落开头语的衔接不合理，行文逻辑不清；3） 情节安排不合理或无话可说；4） 语言表达上，词汇低级且出现较多的语法错误，表达不准确。此外，目前的续写教学以讲评课、分析课居多，真正系统有效的语言输入很少。与概要写作一样，读后续写作为高考英语大作文，时间紧，任务重，考前一定要有足够的准备与积累。微技能一动作描写一、动作描写的原则1.要精准使用精准化动作类词汇对动作进行细致描写,用一系列小动作而不用大动作或者用含义比较明确的动词而不用抽象或虚化的动词来描述,可以使描写更加具体生动。
2、试比较下面两句:The little boy said sorry to his mother.The little boy hung his head and mumbled an apology to his mother.分析:句中“said sorry to”不带任何感情色彩,而句中使用了具体化的表示“说”的动词mumbled,从而使一个不愿意道歉又不得不道歉的小男孩的形象栩栩如生地复现在读者脑海中。2.有过程记叙文中有不少动作描写是一连串动作过程的展示。尤其在展示人物个性的动作时,如果我们蜻蜓点水、一笔带过,就很难突出人物形象,也很难给人以深刻的印象,而通过细节描写展现出动作的过程,
3、表现力便会大增。如:She went to catch the butterfly.She crept along the path, bent over swiftly and cupped her hands around the butterfly gently.分析:句在描写主人公捕捉蝴蝶的动作时,没有细节的动作描写,因此显得很平淡。而句运用了creep, bend, cup三个连贯的动词生动具体地描述了主人公小心翼翼捕捉蝴蝶的微妙过程,具有极强的画面感。因此,在续写过程中,在必要的地方恰当使用一连串的动词来表示过程,能为文章增添不少色彩。3.用修辞除了在动词上做调整,还可以利用恰当的
4、修辞手法来帮助描写动作。比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞手法都能让动作描写变得更有表现力。(1)比喻The old mans face wrinkled.The old mans face was like a withered apple.(2)拟人My stomach was aching for not eating on time.My stomach was punishing me for not eating on time.(3)夸张When she heard the bad news, she cried.When she heard the bad news, a river of
5、 tears poured out.分析:上面每组中的句分别使用了比喻、拟人、夸张的修辞手法,使得动作的描述更加生动形象,更加吸引眼球。二、动作描写的素材1.与“看、听、说”相关的词块listen impatiently不耐烦地听glare angrily at sb.对某人怒目而视glance around/round the room扫视房间stare at凝视take a look at看overhear a funny conversation无意间听到一段好笑的谈话remark评论说add补充说2.与“跑、跳、行走”等相关的词块walk across a street步行穿过马路wa
6、lk arm in arm臂挽着臂走pace back and forth来回踱步jump to ones feet一跃而起walk gracefully步态优美地走rush out of the room冲出房间【迁移应用一】The Great GiftsOnce, a group of schoolchildren were on an outing. Almost all of them were playing ball, except Monty, who was seen as a bit of a foolonly good for poking fun at. He didnt
7、 like fights, or sports. He wouldnt even defend himself when they started hitting him! He was so strange. But he played football with the others and kicked the ball that day. It ended up over in a little cave. When they went in to get the ball, they found a wooden chest containing an amazing book. T
8、he book was giving off a magical shine. The children ran to give the book to the teacher, who was fascinated by it. They all agreed to read it in class in the coming days.The book was called The Great Gifts, and it recounted wonderful tales about great inventors, artists, wise writers, explorers, an
9、d treasure hunters. With each story the children became more wide-eyed, and they were enchanted by all those characters with special gifts.They finally reached the last page of the book, which spoke about the origin of those great figures.The teacher read:“Theres a place in heaven called the fountai
10、n of hearts, where, prior to birth, each heart is assigned its special gifts.They use a little bit of everything to make normal people.But, now and again, something goes wrong, and some hearts end up much emptier than normal.In those cases, the hearts fill up with a last gift which makes the person
11、exceptional.They can lack many other qualities; in many ways they will be different from everyone else, and they may well be seen as strange children.However, when their special gift is discovered, their achievements will become part of books like this one.”Paragraph 1:When the teacher closed the bo
12、ok, there was a long silence in the classroom. Paragraph 2:Wasnt he exactly one of the special cases, as the book had described? When the teacher closed the book,there was a long silence in the classroom.While the children were all thinking about their own gifts,Monty came out with one of his strang
13、e comments,“If you get a heart transplant,and they give you a pigs heart,will you take on a pigs qualities?” Hearing what Monty said,everyone wanted to burst out laughing,but looking at Monty,they began to fall into thinking.Wasnt he exactly one of the special cases, as the book had described? Maybe
14、 it was right that Monty was the definite case of this kind.All of the classmates felt very sorry for every time they had always laughed at him.From that day on,they all worked together to try to help Monty to discover his special gift in art.Several years later,Monty became a famous artist just as
15、the book The Great Gifts showed.微技能二心理描写心理描写的原则1.落实“细微处”描写在描写人物心理活动时,一定要突出细节,所有的感情都体现在“细微处”,所以尽量不用笼统的词,如smile,cry等,而用相关的细节性词汇或词组,例如:Lily smiled happily.Lily wore a shining smile on her face.分析:句中“smile”是一个笼统的描述微笑的词汇,而句中使用了wore a shining smile,用词组的形式更加突出细节,展示了细微和精致的“微笑”。2.体现“多样性”结构在进行人物心理描写时,尽量避免平铺直叙
16、,可以多采用如非谓语动词的形式,作为谓语动作的伴随状态,从而使得描写到位,并体现语法结构的多样性。如:Her eyes were filled with tears,and she offered her sincere thanks to the man.Tears filling her eyes,she offered her sincere thanks to the man.分析:句在描写心理活动“哭泣”时,用到了Her eyes were filled with tears。而句则把这句改成了独立主格结构,运用了Tears filling her eyes,更显得描写的细致,同时也
17、体现了句式的多样化,展示了高超的语言运用能力。3.展示“丰富化”修辞除了选择细致的心理描写词汇和多样化的句式表达外,提升语言层次的另外一种方式是多使用修辞方法,例如:The smile on her face shone like a diamond.I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.分析:句中,把“微笑”比喻成“像钻石一样闪闪发光”;而句中,把“悲伤”比喻成“漂浮在悲伤的海洋里”,展示了用修辞来体现细节描写的丰富。二、心理描写的素材1.与“喜悦和满意”相关的词块a bright/shining smile灿烂的微笑a mixtu
18、re of excitement and happiness既兴奋又开心burst into laughter/burst out laughing突然大笑起来be wild with joy/delight欣喜若狂be joyful about/at/over对很高兴be in high spirits情绪高涨be pleased beyond description快乐难以言表light up喜逐颜开be content/satisfied with对满意be delighted at对很高兴with pleasure非常乐意2.与“悲伤和烦恼”相关的词块be sad at heart心里
19、悲伤be down in spirits情绪低落an ocean of sadness悲伤的海洋burst into tears/burst out crying大哭起来sob啜泣be clouded with grief阴沉的悲伤be in low spirits情绪低落fall into despair陷入绝望feel depressed/discouraged感到沮丧/泄气have a worried look愁眉苦脸3.与“生气和怨怒”相关的词块be very angry at对很生气feel angry/annoyed感到恼怒/生气be seized by anger充满愤怒be f
20、uming with rage大发雷霆tremble with anger愤怒得颤抖a look of burning anger愤怒的一眼glare at sb.怒视flare up勃然大怒be in a rage一怒之下be mad at对生气【迁移应用二】One day,my brother and I were alone in our apartment.The reason was that my parents had both gone for a ball party and had left me in charge of everything.I was doing my
21、 homework while my younger brother was watching TV.All of a sudden,the doorbell rang.Ding-dong!Ding-dong!My younger brother had rushed to the door before I decided to answer the door.We both thought that our parents had come home.As a result,he unlocked the door and opened it.Outside of the house st
22、ood a man who wore a black raincoat and black rubber boots.He looked no different from other people and he said that he was a salesman and asked politely if our mother or father was at home so he could talk with them.Without any thinking,my brother said,“No.”He asked if we would like to buy some com
23、ic books,which he was selling.I quickly explained to him that we were not supposed to buy anything without our parents permission.However,it seemed that he was not willing to follow my advice and he had an intention to enter our house.Then,I realized something terrible would happen.As I was about to
24、 close the door,he forced his way into our house.He took out a knife and forced me to tie up my brothers hands with some rope which he took out from his pocket.I tied up his hands but I tied in a special way so my brother could untie himself as we often did.The man then tied my hands up and locked b
25、oth of us in the kitchen.Soon,he went upstairs to search the bedroom for something valuable.I managed to teach my brother to untie the rope on his hands.He then untied me.I rushed to the telephone to call the police,but the line was dead.Paragraph 1:The doors were all locked from the outside and wha
26、ts worse,I did not have the keys. Paragraph 2:Just at the same time our parents came back home. 范文欣赏The doors were all locked from the outside and whats worse, I did not have the keys.But luckily, the man forgot to lock the kitchen window.Both my brother and I managed to get out of the house through
27、 the window with joy and we ran to the nearby police station, nervously but happily, where we asked them for help.The police bravely arrived at our house as soon as possible.And as a result, the man was caught, which made us very happy.Just at the same time our parents came back home.The police aske
28、d my family to go to the police station.It was at there the police told us that the man was a wanted robber pretending to sell comic books and they had been looking for him for a long time.The police praised my brother and me for our braveness.Back home, I told my parents the whole story about the r
29、obbery with a mixture of excitement and happiness.They were thankful that we were not hurt but they scolded me for not stopping my brother from opening the door to strangers.I learned a lesson on safety and responsibility.微技能三修辞描写Examples of MetaphorExample 1All religions, arts, and sciences are bra
30、nches of the same tree. (Albert Einstein)Clearly, Einstein wasnt talking about a literal tree. But hes showing a close relationship between different topics by suggesting that theyre all part of the same living thing. He also basically raises an interesting question if art, religion, and science are
31、 all branches, what should we call the trees trunk?很明显，爱因斯坦说的不是字面意义上的树。但他通过暗示不同的主题都是同一生物的一部分，展示了它们之间的密切关系。他还提出了一个有趣的问题如果艺术、宗教和科学都是分支的话，我们该怎么称呼树的树干呢?Example 2That football player is really putting the team on his back this evening!Football commentators use this phrase all the time when an entire team
32、 appears to be depending on its running back. The image of a single man running hard with a whole football team on his back is an expression of hard work and dedication.当整个球队似乎都依赖于它的跑动时，足球评论员总是使用这个短语。一个人背着整个足球队拼命奔跑的形象是努力工作和献身精神的表现。Example 3She was a rock star at our last business presentation.This i
33、s probably not referring to a literal rock star falling from space or the other common metaphor: a musician performing at a rock concert. Instead, it simply means the person delivered a great performance at the meeting and stood out like a rock star on the stage.这可能不是指字面意义上的摇滚明星从天而降，也不是其他常见的比喻:音乐家在摇
34、滚音乐会上表演。相反，它只是意味着这个人在会议上表现出色，像舞台上的摇滚明星一样引人注目微技能四外部冲突1)角色之间的冲突 (人物观点差异，竞争需要等)如：(201711浙江高考)On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didnt we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask
35、if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous. 开车找旅馆-徒劳无功-母亲建议搭帐篷在他人后院-David和我倍感紧张，心有不悦(母子的观点不一)2) 角色与环境之间的冲突如：(201706浙江高考) Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog at all, but a wolf: quickly catching up with him. Macs heart jumped. , he f
36、ired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Macs relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, . Then it , tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back Mac骑车独自行，路遇饿狼，与之搏斗，险象环生。(人-角色与狼-环境大战)3) 时间依赖的发展 ：决策变得紧急如： (2
37、01706浙江高考)The car abruptly stopped in front of him. Get into the car. Paul shouted at Mac. Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without delay as the wolf was just two steps away and was about to tear Mac into pieces. What a narrow escape! 骑车突停面前-急喊上车-Max上车避险-饿狼近在咫尺(此情此景，刻不容缓)4) 增加障碍：人物角色必须克
38、服 挑战, 以达到他们的目标如：(201806浙江高考)But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got lost. We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. 小兔突现-马儿受惊-草原迷路(障碍1)-天色渐黑(障碍2)-又累又饿(障碍3)-心理恐慌(障碍4充分利用环境描写可以起到烘托故事
39、高潮的作用。当故事角色在碰到困难时候，我们往往要加大笔墨来描写故事环境的黑暗、恐怖和不祥。强化环境描写增强了高潮元素，我们感受到了紧张的倍增。例1：Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest(黑暗). Even worse, the temperature suddenly dropped dramatically. (寒冷) 例2：It didnt take long for the forest to be enveloped in darkness(黑暗). Her rasping(急促的) breath steamed(寒冷)
40、in the moonlight and her throat was parched(干渴的) from thirst.1.后续情节一般为故事的高潮或结局，要尽量符合原文思路，设计并发展情节，想象要合理，情节要连贯，并求得与读者的心理共鸣，让读者回味无穷。2.续写时心态要端正，所续写内容要积极、健康向上，把事物美好的一面展示出来。3.利用自己已有的知识和经验，在继承原作者风格和语言基础之上，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句表现力。4.如果所给短文为议论文，那么议论文中的段落首句多为主题句，观点鲜明。续写时，要围绕段落分论点确定论证方法，如正反对比、例证等