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1、大学英语四级备考大学英语四级备考 深度阅读篇深度阅读篇1/27四大题型解法四大题型解法一、细节题解法一、细节题解法二、主旨题解法二、主旨题解法2三、态度题解法三、态度题解法3四、推断题解法四、推断题解法412/27细节题解法细节题解法 细节题是四级深度阅读部分中出现频率最高题型。细节题题目特征是:针对文章局部细节进行提问,要求考生对细节内容进行把握。细节题正确选项与原文之间应该是同义替换关系。我们在前面讲过,同义替换类型包含对应对应性同义替换、取反性同义替换、解释性同义替性同义替换、取反性同义替换、解释性同义替换和归纳性同义替换换和归纳性同义替换四种形式。3/27vANWRv北极国家野生动物保
2、护区vArcticNationalWildlifeRefugevtapv塞子,龙头,割打开取放液体vbeneathv在下方,在底下vbarrelv一桶(量);桶(石油计量单位,相当于159升)vIndependencev独立4/27vIsthereenoughoilbeneaththeArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge(保护区)(ANWR)tohelpsecureAmericasenergyfuture?PresidentBushcertainlythinksso.HehasarguedthattappingANWRsoilwouldhelpeaseCalifornias
3、electricitycrisisandprovideamajorboosttothecountrysenergyindependence.Butnooneknowsforsurehowmuchcrudeoilliesburiedbeneaththefrozenearth.Withthelastgovernmentsurvey,conductedin1998,projectingoutputanywherefrom3billionto16billionbarrels.21.WhatdoesPresidentBushthinkoftappingoilinANWR?A)Itwillexhaustt
4、henationsoilreserves.B)ItwillhelpsecurethefutureofANWR.C)Itwillhelpreducethenationsoilimports.D)ItwillincreaseAmericasenergyconsumption5/27 解析:解析:布什总统认为必定有,他认为,开发保护区内石油有利于缓解加州电力危机,并能极大地促进国家能源自主性。正确选项与原文之间组成取反性同义替换关系:Independence(独立)-而oil import则表示对国外石油有dependence(依赖)。故选故选C C6/27vtrickyv机敏;足智多谋,微妙;难处
5、理vapologyv道歉vrenderv致使,报答,偿还,给予vIneffectivev无效果,未能产生预期效果,不起作用7/27vIfyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.vIfyousaytoyourchildren“ImsorryIgotangrywithyou,but”whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffectiv
6、e:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.1.Ifamotheraddsbuttoanapology,_.2.A)shedoesntfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologizedB)shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurtC)thechildmayfindtheapologyeasie
7、rtoacceptD)thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology8/27 细节了解题。参见第二段可知,假如你对孩子说“对不起我对你发脾气了,不过”,那么“不过”后面考试大内容,如:“我今天不高兴”,“你喧华声让我头痛”,会使道歉变得无效,而且让受到伤害人以为应该为自己错误行为道歉。故选D)。解析:解析:9/27WordList额外成就感vannualvathletevdomesticvrevealvantibodyvclarifyvsloganvstimulatevsignificantva.每年,年度vn.运动员va.本国;家庭vv.显示,揭露vn.抗体vv.
8、澄清,说明vn.口号,口号vv.刺激,激励va.主要,有意义返回10/27主旨题解法v主旨题主要是经过设置需要判断文章大意题目,考查考生对文章意思全局性了解。其提问形式主要包含以下四种:v1.对文章主要内容进行提问。v2.对作者写作意图进行提问。v3.对适合文章标题进行提问。v4.对文章起源进行提问。11/27vWhat is the main idea of the passage?vWhich of the following sentences best express the main idea?vWhat is the main subject of the passage?vThe
9、 paragraph mainly discuss _.vThe passage is primarily concerned with _.vThe paragraphpassage informs us that _.vThe best summary of the paragraphpassage is that _.主旨问题:主旨问题:12/27vWhat is the main purpose of the passage?vThis passage is intended to _.vWhat is the authors main purpose in the passage?v
10、What is the authors attitude toward?写作意图问题:写作意图问题:13/27vThe best title for this passage is _.vA suitable title for this passage would be _.vWhat would be the most appropriate title for the passage?vThe title that best expresses the main idea is _.vThe passage could be entitled“_”.标题问题:标题问题:14/27起源问题
11、:起源问题:vThe text is taken from _.15/27v主旨题一般放到最终来做。在解答其他题目标过程中,可以对文章意思有更深入了解,在此基础上,也能对文章主旨把握得更准确到位,解题时也更为轻易。v主旨题正确选项中一般含有在文章中出现频率最高主题名词。v主旨题错误选项说一般为文章局部细节。解答主旨题时要注意以下三点:解答主旨题时要注意以下三点:16/27WordList额外成就感vhormonevmilitaryvcontributevdepositvdominatevetiquettevultimatevviolentvvolcanovn.荷尔蒙,激素va.军事,军人;n.
12、军队vv.贡献,捐助vv.存放,堆积;n.押金vv.控制,支配vn.礼仪,礼节va.最终,根本va.粗暴,猛烈vn.火山返回17/27v态度题提问是作者或某人对某事物态度,普通题干中有attitude,thinkof,viewas,consideras,insb.sopinion等表示。v做态度题,要注意以下几点:1.看题干问是“谁”态度。2.看题干问是对“什么事物”态度。3.态度判断可经过原文中使用形容词或副词来推断,但有时候原文中动词或名词也能提醒态度是主动、消极还是中立。18/27vCoupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenightssle
13、eporathree-dayvacation.Idontknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.vRaisingchildren,intheauthorsopinionis_.A.amoraldutyB.athanklessjobC.arewardingtaskD.asourceofinevitablepain
14、19/27v依据文章第4段第1句“带有婴儿父母要是能睡上一整晚觉或度一个三天假日,那真是太幸运了。在我认识人中,不会有些人用fun(好玩)来描述他们抚养孩子感受”,似乎会认为作者意图是B项(出力不讨好,毫无回报事)或D项(不可防止痛苦起源)。v实际上,作者真实想法应在第2句中表达:不过决定不生孩子夫妻永远也体会不到看着孩子成长以及和孙子玩耍那种乐趣、那种欣喜。这种乐趣、欣喜实际就是一个回报。v所以选项所以选项C C正确。正确。20/27WordList额外成就感vscalevvisionvexaggeratevfiercevignorevillusionvindifferentvloyalty
15、vwitnessvn.规模;等级vn.视力;想象(力)vv.夸大,夸大va.猛烈,残忍vv.忽略,忽略vn.幻觉,错觉va.漠不关心,中立vn.忠诚,忠心vn.目击者,见证人返回21/27 推断题出题特点是:要求考生在了解文章字面意思推断题出题特点是:要求考生在了解文章字面意思基础上,依据逻辑关系或修辞关系,判断作者真正基础上,依据逻辑关系或修辞关系,判断作者真正要传达意思。要传达意思。题干中往往含有:题干中往往含有:infer,conclude,suggest,imply,can be learned from 等含有等含有“暗示暗示”意思表述。意思表述。22/27vdefense/fenc
16、evn.防卫防卫,防卫物防卫物 v.抵抗抵抗vsurveyv调查;检验调查;检验,判定判定 vmerelyv只不过,仅仅只不过,仅仅vcurrentv现在现在,现行现行;水流;水流,气流气流;趋向;趋向,趋势趋势v limestonev石灰岩石灰岩23/27vAngryownershavecalledontheGovernmenttoerectseadefensestoprotecttheirhomes.Governmentsurveyorshavepointedoutthatinmostcases,thisisimpossible.Newseawallswouldcosthundredsof
17、millionsofpoundsandwouldmerelymakethewavesandcurrentsgofurtheralongthecoast,shiftingtheproblemfromoneareatoanother.Thedangerislikelytocontinue,theysay,untilthewavesreachaninlandareaofhardrockwhichwillnotbeeatenaslimestoneis.Meanwhile,ifyouwanttobuyacheaphousewithanuncertainfuture,applytoahouseagenti
18、noneofthethreatenedareasonthesouthcoastofEngland.Youcangetahouseforaknockdownpricebutitmayturnouttobeaknockdownhome.24/2714.Itisnotfeasibletobuildseadefensestoprotectagainsterosionbecause_.A)houseagentsalongthecoastdonotsupporttheideaB)itistoocostlyandwillendangerneighboringareasvC)thegovernmentisto
19、oslowintakingactionvD)theywillbeeasilyknockeddownbywavesandcurrents15.Accordingtotheauthor,whenbuyingahousealongthesouthcoastofEngland,peopleshould_.vA)takethequalityofthehouseintoconsiderationvB)guardagainstbeingcheatedbythehouseagentvC)examinethehousecarefullybeforemakingadecisionvD)beawareofthepo
20、tentialdangerinvolved25/27v14.B 14.B v本题为细节了解题。文中最终一段提到,愤恨建筑物全部者要求政府建造防水护墙来保护他们家园。而政府勘测员则指出这几乎不可能。原因有两点:一是建防水墙耗资巨大;二是即使建成了防水墙,也只会使波浪和水流沿着海岸线前进,从而使侵蚀从一个地方转移到另一个地方。故答案为 B。v15.D 15.D v本题属于推断题。在文章结尾,作者幽默地说到假如你想买一幢前途不定房子,那就向英国南海岸危险地域售房代理商提出申请。可能你会买到价格最低房子,不过,房子最终可能会被海水破坏。文中 knockdown 一语双关。a knockdown price 意为“最低价格”;a knockdown home 意为“坍塌家”。作者言下之意很显著是在提醒人们注意隐患。故正确答案为 D。26/27四级阅读常见熟词僻义四级阅读常见熟词僻义vexaminationvfinevforeignvgeneralvlong(for)vleadingvsentencevsoundvwillvn.审阅vn.罚款va.陌生vn.将军vv.渴望va.主要vn.刑罚v.判刑va.正确;健康vn.遗嘱27/27