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1、Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs 阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活一、 单词讲解 New words and expressionsl double dbl adj. 双的，两倍的 vt. 使加倍 vi. 加倍double life 双重生活double character krkt(r) 双重性格double chin tn 双下巴double bed 双人床twin beds 两张标准床bigamy bgmi 重婚two-timer：a man who dates 2 women at the same time 脚踩两只船l manual
2、mnjul adj. 体力的； 手制的，手工的manual laborer lebr 体力劳动者automatic :tmtk adj. 自动的auto - （前缀） 自动的automat :tmt n. 自动售货机autobiography :tbagrfi n. 自传autonomous region： self-ruled 自治区:tnms ri:dnl collar kl(r) n.衣领gold collar 金领white collar 白领blue collar 蓝领dog collar (a stiff round white collar worn by priests )牧师
3、们hot under the collar （feel angry or excited ) 气愤不已，热血沸腾eg. Calm down! Dont get hot under the collar. 冷静一点！别发火。make a collar (Police catch criminal.) 警察抓罪犯，逮捕l privilege prvld n. 好处 v. 给特权（a special advantage） 特权l privileged adj.享有特权的underprivileged 贫困的，下层阶级的for the privilege of 为了获得荣耀eg. Many peopl
4、e are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. （课文） 许多人仅仅是为了获得成为白领的殊荣，宁愿放弃他们的高薪。eg. Its my great privilege to make your acquaintance. 能结识您，实乃三生有幸。eg. Ive heard so much about you. 久闻大名。eg. Your reputation proceeds you. 久仰。l corporation k:pren n. 公司大型股份有限公司mu
5、ltinational corporation 跨国公司company 小公司enterprise entpraz 企（事）业单位joint-venturevent(r) joint-venture enterprise 合资企业state-owned enterprise 国有企业township enterprise 乡镇企业non-government run school 民办学校二、课文讲解l These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offic
6、es. 如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。（此句是本文的主旨句）money receive money 拿工资save money 存钱spend money 花钱eg. Spend the money tomorrow today.今天花明天的钱 make money 挣钱far more money 多得多的钱 （far在这里不是指“远”，而是程度副词，指程度的深浅。在形容词或副词的比较级前面加上表示程度的副词，是为了进一步说明比较级的程度。）lots more money 多得多a lot more 多得多some more money 多一些（表不确定的程度）a
7、 little more 多一点点l People who work in offices are frequently referred to as white-collar workers for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. 坐办公室的人之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班。be referred to as 被称作（比较书面语）eg. He is referred to as walking dictionary. 他被大家称作活
8、字典。be known to us all as 大家叫他 （口语化）（没有必要提及主语的情况，就用被动语态）eg.He is known to us all as walking dictionary. 我们大家管他叫他活字典。be recognized as 认出是eg. In the torchlight, he was recognized as Bill by the vicar. 借着手电筒的光，牧师认出他是Bill。 （L2: Thirteen equals one）refer - referred - referring rf:(r) v. 关系到，提到prefer prefe
9、rred - preferring prf:(r) v. 更喜欢，宁愿stir stirred - stirring st:(r) v. 搅拌star starred - starring st:(r) v. 主演，（在文字旁）标星号eg. Forrest Gump starred by Tom Hanks. 阿甘正传是由汤姆克鲁斯主演的。for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. （此处for引导原因状语从句，that引导的从句作reason的同位语从句。）(wear) a coll
10、ar and tie 穿着衬衫，打着领带（配套出现的物，共用一个不定冠词a）a fork and knife 一副刀叉a singer and dancer 一个歌舞演员a father and mother 既当爸又当妈l Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。human nature
11、人的本性（such后面往往会出现一个that引导的定语从句，that 从句是such 的同位语从句，而不是非限定性定语从句，that不能引导非限定性定语从句。当主语过长的时候，主语的修饰成分就要放到后面，以保持句子的平衡和逻辑的美感。还原：Such that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers is human nature.）l This can give rise to curious situatio
12、ns, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. 而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德布洛格斯就是一个例子。This 替代了前文中的同位语从句： that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white - collar workers.This can give rise
13、to curious situations,give rise to 引起eg. That boys are weighed more important than girls can give rise to curious situations. 重男轻女会引起各种各样奇怪的现象。eg. Pollution gave rise to a world wide green-house effect. 污染引起了全球范围的温室效应。give birth to 生了（孩子）eg. She gave birth to a pretty girl. 她生了个漂亮的女孩。as it did 像一样（a
14、s 引导了一个方式状语从句）it: （上一句中that从句的内容）did: give rise to a curious situationsin the case of Alfred Bloggsin the case of 就的情形而言，对来说eg. Poverty depressed many people, but in the case of my father, it was otherwise.贫困使很多人一蹶不振，但就我父亲而言就另当别论。 （it was otherwise 另当别论）eg. Fat depressed many people, but in the case
15、 of Han Hong, it was otherwise. 肥胖使很多人一蹶不振，但韩红另当别论。eg. Difficulties depressed many people, but in the case of me, it was otherwise. 困难使很多人一蹶不振，但我另当别论。in case of 万一，以防eg. Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 万一下雨，带把伞。eg. Body guard （电影保镖）A: What for？ 干什么？B：In case. 以防万一。l When he got married, A
16、lf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. 艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。When he got married,get married 结婚get engaged ngedd 订婚get separated sepretd 分居get divorced dv:st 离婚too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job（too to 太以致于不能）l He simply told her that he worke
17、d for the Corporation. 他说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。simply 1) He simply told his wife that he worked for the corporation. （此处simply相当于and no more：仅止于此，再没有其他）= He told his wife that he worked for the corporation and no more.2) He told his wife that he worked for the corporation simply. （此处simply相当于in a way that is e
18、asy to understand：用易于理解的方式）l Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. 每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班。然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。dressed in a smart black suit （形容词作伴随状语）change into 换上change back into 脱下后换回get into 穿上put on 穿上l
19、Before returning home at night: he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. 晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服。 两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。Alf did this （省略与替代：往往指人称代词或指示代词）eg. I can do so. 我是可以这样做的。do so (书面)do that/this （书面、口语）do it (口
20、语)eg. I can do it. 没问题我能做。fellow fel n. 同伴，伙伴(亲切，易引起情感的共鸣）fellow dustman 清洁工同事fellow townsman tanzmn 同乡fellow countryman kntrimn 同胞fellow citizen stzn 市民们 -mate 伙伴workmate w:kmet 同事，同僚roommate rmmet 室友 helpmate helpmet 妻子（贤内助）soulmate slmet 红颜知己，蓝颜知己l Alfs wife has never discovered that she married
21、a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job. 艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到新职。Alfs wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will,have never done and never will 从不曾今后也不会eg. Dont you know I have carried the torch for you a long time. Im sorry.
22、I have never loved you and never will. 你难道还不知道我已经暗恋你很久了。不好意思，我从不曾爱过你，而且以后也不会。l He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. 不久就要坐办公室里工作了。他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半。不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得。He will soon
23、 be working （将来进行时态：表示这个动作要在将来的某个时间内重复和持续地进行）He will be earning only half as much as he used to,half as much as （用原级比较表示差异）as old as eg. She is twice as old as her son. 她是她儿子年龄的2倍。as much as he used to (do)（to 的不定式省略了动词，当说话人为了避免重复刚刚提过的动词时，动词不定式的动作就被省略掉了。这个知识点托福考试中经常考到）want mean hope expect refuse se
24、em intend eg. I asked him to go to the party but he refused to.我邀请他来参加派对，但是他拒绝了。eg. I intended to go out for dinner with him, but he didnt want to. 我本打算和他外出吃饭，但是他不想去。but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. （but是本句的语篇标识词，为了表明主句和从句的关系是截然相反的。）rise in status 在社会地位范围内的上升rise
25、 in taxes 税收提高rise in prices 物价上涨eg. The rise in prices gave to a series of social reactions. 物价上涨带来了一系列的社会反应。 rise in the world 崛起eg. China as the largest developing country is rising in the world. 中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家正在崛起。rise and fall 忽高忽低（一对相反概念放在一起组成的短语往往是一个整体。）eg. The level of peoples moods rises a
26、nd falls during a day. 人的情绪在一天中忽高忽低。worth w: adj. 值得be worth doing (后跟动名词作宾语，无被动语态)be worth reading 值得一读be worth watching 值得一看be worth visiting 值得参观eg. Its worth the time/ efforts/hard work.这是值得花时间/努力/辛苦工作。 eg. Its worth all the hard work you put in education when you see so many happy children. 看到这
27、么多快乐的孩子，在教育上所有的辛苦努力都是值得的。worthy w:i (adj.) 和worth的含义相似be worthy of respect 值得尊敬be worthy of being respected 值得被尊敬（可以有被动语态）eg. She is such a good teacher that she is worthy of being respected. 她是这么好的老师，值得我们尊敬。deserve dz:v v. 值得 ：to have earned sth by good or bad behavior. eg. You get what you deserve
28、. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。(You reap what you sow. 你收割的是你播种的。)eg. He deserves it. 他罪有应得。(口)l From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him Mr. Bloggs, not Alf. 从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。三、Idioms1. Either make or break it. 不成功，则成仁；破釜沉舟。2. Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。四、Supplementary exercises1. By the year 2010, scientists probably _C_a cure for cancer.A. will be discovering B. are discovering C. will have discovered D. have discovered分析: 在2010年之前，科学家有可能研制出癌症的治疗办法。（by可以引起完成时，而2O1O是将来时间，所以正确答案应是将来完成时。）9学科网（北京）股份有限公司