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1、状语从句一、 基本概念状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导，包括时间状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，地点状语从句，方式状语从句和比较状语从句。1.时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有 when, while, as, before , after, since,until, as soon as , the moment, instantly, once 等。1. when,while 和as的用法1)when既可以引导一个持续动作，也可以引导一个短暂性的动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生，或从句动作先于主句发生
2、。When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时候，星期天常到海边去。2) while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 别人工作时，别高声谈话。3) as引导持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。可以翻译成“一边.一边”；“随着”John sings as he works.约翰一边工作，一边唱歌As time went by, he made great progress. 随
3、着时间的流逝，他取得了很大的进步。注意：when 可以译为“正在这时”，用于一些固定搭配：be doing.when. / be about to do.when.be on the point of doing. when . / had just done.when.Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正准备关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。2. as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately，d
4、irectly，instantly, no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely .when.，这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一.就”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。The moment/As soon as she arrives, we can start. 她一到，我们就可以开始。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们一到车站火车就出发了 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mo
5、ther.男孩一看到他的母亲就哭了。3. till， until和not. until的用法1) 在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性v，意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。 You may stay here till/ until the rain stops.你得在这里待到雨停2) 在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才睡。(not.until.)3) not. until句型中的强调和倒装说法。 It was not until you t
6、old me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型) Not until you told me did I have any idea of it (not until置于句首，主句要部分倒装)直到你告诉我,我才知道这个消息。4、before和 Since的用法1) 连词 before表示”.之前”；“还未就”; “趁.还没”; “.才.” Before they reached the station，the train had gone.他们(还没)到达火车站前，火车已经开走了。 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.
7、 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了 Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。2) before的句型: It will be+时间段+ before.，表示“多久之后才/就.”It wont be long before ., 不久之后就.It was +时间段+ before.， 过了多久才. It was half a year before I came back. 半年后我才回来。 It wont be long before we meet again. 不久后我们将再见面。3) Since 的句型： It is /h
8、as been+时间段+since从句, 表示“自从.”若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表“自从有.多久”; 一般since从句用一般过去式，主句用现在完成时。It is/has been three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发以来，有三年了。I havent seen him since he left the village in 1982.5. every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time，all the time的用法这些短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当”“每次”“下次” Ever
9、y time I meet her, I always forget her name.每次我见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。 Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.下次你来时，记住把你的儿子带来。You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你想回来随时可以回来。The first time I met her, I fell in love with her.第一次见到她，我就爱上了她。2.原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词常有because, as, since,
10、now that, in that，seeing that, considering that 等。1. because常用来回答why的提问，表示必然的因果关系，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。He failed in the exam because he didnt work hard. 因为学习不努力，他考试不及格。2. as意为“由于”，表示显而易见的的原因，常置于句首。As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home. 由于太匆忙，他把包落在家里了。3. since侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由，意为“既然”；语气比because稍弱，常置
11、于句首。Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him. 既然每个人都会犯错误，你不应该老是批评他。4. now that，considering that, seeing that 和since 意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that 可以省略。Now (that) we know each other a little better, we can get along well.由于彼此之间有了更好的理解，我们能够相处的不错。5. in that的用法。使用频率较低，一般翻译为“既然；因为”。 Im
12、lucky in that I have 4 sisters. 我非常幸运，因为我有四个妹妹。6. 特别说明：for表示原因时是一个并列连词，连接并列句，它表示的原因一般起附加说明作用，它总是位于两个句子之间，起连接作用，而且前面常用逗号与前一分句隔开。We should be more careful, for it is already dark. 天已晚了，我们应更小心些。3.条件状语从句条件状语从句的常见引导词： if 如果, unless（=if.not）除非, as/so long as只要, in case(that)以防，万一， once一旦， on condition tha
13、t条件是, providing/provided（that）如果，假设, supposing (that)如果，假设, given(that)鉴于，assuming(that) 如果，假设， only if 只有 ，if only 要是.多好 1.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.（=if you dont study hard.）你会考试不及格除非你努力学习。2.Ones life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.一个人的生命是有价值的只要他带给别人
14、价值。3. Assuming/Providing/Provided (that) the weather is ok, we will make the trip next week. 假设天气好，下周我们将去旅行。 4.Given （that）she is a child, we had better not blame her. 考虑到她是个小孩，我们最好别责备她。5. You had better take an umbrella in case it rains. 你最好带把伞以防下雨。6. Supposing (that) he does not come, shall we go
15、without him? 假设他不来，我们可以不等他就走吗？ 7. If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you mire details? 如果方便的话，下星期二我可以去你的办公室告知你更多的细节吗？8.You can use my car on condition that you return it next Monday.你可以用我的车条件是下周一还回来。注：1）if能用于虚拟条件句中，但unless不能。2）only if引导的条件状语从句如果only if 引导的
16、条件状语从句位于主句之前，主句用部分倒装Only if you finish the work can you play computer games. （主句用部分倒装）3）条件状语从句的时态当主句是将来时态时，条件状语从句常用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。I will go there tomorrow unless it rains/if it doesnt rain.She said she would come if I invited her.4.让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的引导词常有although, though, while，as, even though, even
17、if, 疑问词-ever，no matter+疑问词等。1. though /although两者通常可互换使用，不能与but连用，但可与yet, still连用； though引导让步状语从句时，从句部分可用倒装语序。 Although she works very hard, (yet) she makes very slow progress. 尽管她很努力，但还是进步很慢。Young though he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他很年轻，但是他知道很多。2. as引导让步状语从句时，从句部分要用倒装语序“adj./adv./n./v.as主语谓语”结构，单数名词前不
18、用冠词。 though也可以这样用，但although 不可以。Pop star as/ though he is, he still needs to improve. 尽管他是一个明星，他仍需努力提升。Hot as/ though the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 尽管夜晚的空气很热，长途跋涉之后的我们还是因为疲惫而睡的很香。Try as he might, he still couldnt lift the big stone. 尽管他努力尝试，他仍然搬不动
19、这块大石头。3. even if /though译为“即使；虽然；纵然”，表示语气较强的让步。Well make a trip even if /though the weather is bad. 尽管天气不好，我们仍将去旅行。4. while的意思比较多，当其引导让步状语从句时，翻译为“虽然；尽管”。While I like the color, I dont like the shape. 尽管我喜欢这个颜色，但是我不喜欢它的形状。5. 疑问词-ever，no matter+疑问词的用法。引导让步状语从句时，二者完全相同，可以互换。 No matter what happened, he
20、 would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不论发生什么，他都不在乎。特别提醒：“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句，而“no matter+疑问词”则不可以。 The child ate whatever we gave him. 我们给他吃什么，这个孩子就吃什么。（此句为宾语从句，不能用no matter what）5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的引导词常有引导词有so，sothat, suchthat和so that1. sothat 常用句型 so + 形容词 /副词 + that. so + many / few
21、 / much/ little/+ 名词 + that.so +形容词 + a/ an + 可数名词单数 + that. The text was so boring that I gave up reading it half way through.这本书真枯燥，我读到一半便放弃了。He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.他的工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。He is so clever a boy that we all like him. 他是如此聪明的孩子，我们都喜欢他。2. such that
22、 常用句型 such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that. such +形容词 + 可数名词复数 + that.such+形容词 + 不可数名词 + that. It was such a terrible day that none of us would find an excuse for going out to play.今天天气太糟了， 我们都没有理由出去玩了。They are such good films that we all want to see them.这些电影这么好看，我们都非常想看。The chef cooked such nice food
23、 that we ate up . 主厨做的饭太好吃了，我们全吃光了。3. so that 引导结果状语从句前可用逗号与主句隔开， We arrived early in the morning , so that we caught the first train. 我们早上到得很早，所以赶上了第一班火车。注意：可数名词单数前有形容词修饰时，sothat和such that都可用，但注意不定冠词的位置。 He is so clever a boy that we all like him. He is such a clever boy that we all like him.注：so t
24、hat引导的目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别so that既可以引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语动词常含有 can, could, may, might等情态动词, 而引导结果状语时则没有。He always works hard so that he may make great progress.（目的状语从句）He always worked hard, so that he made great progress. （结果状语从句）6. 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的引导词常有引导词有: so that, in or order that, for
25、 fear that, in case (that), lest (唯恐，以免)。从句中常用may、might、can、could、should 等情态动词。1. in or order that 和so that ，意为“以便.，为了.”引导的状语从句需用情态动词。in or order that 比so that 正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而 so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 When he goes out , he often wears sunglasses so that/ in order that nobody can recognize him. 他
26、出门的时候常带着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。 In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 为了能看日出，我们很早就出发去山顶了。2. for fear that 表示“害怕/ 担心某事会发生”， in case （that）表示“以防出现某种情况”。We put the dangerous box out of the childrens reach for fear that they might touch it.我们把那个危险的盒子放到孩子们够不着的地方，怕他们碰它。It is a good i
27、dea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.选择一个备选目的地是一个好主意，以防你首选的旅游景点去不了了。 7.地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的引导词：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere，where 指“在某个地方”，wherever 指“在任何地方”。where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；where, wherever表示抽象概念的含义时，从句需放在主句前。Sit wherever
28、 you like.（where表示具体地点）Where there is a will, there is a way.（where表示抽象概念）where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别。Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. （定语从句）Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. （状语从句） 8.方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的引导词： as，as if, as though应放在主句之后。as if/ as though引导的方式状
29、语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用一般过去时；与过去的情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，用“would/ could/ might +动词原形”。但如果从句所陈述的情况与事实相符，一般不用虚拟语气。Do as you are told, or you will be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain. 9.比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词常有as, than，
30、as /so.as., the more . the more.He speaks English as well as you do. 他英语说的和你一样好。He was more successful than we had expected. 他比我们想象的要成功的多。The work did not go as smoothly as we hoped. 工作进展没有我们像我们希望的那样顺利。 His handwriting is not so /as good as yours. 他的书法没有你的好。The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越
31、忙感到越开心。补充1.状语从句中成分的省略在when, while, whenever, till , as soon as, if ,unless, as if, as though, as 引导的状语从句中，主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it,从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。主句和从句的主语一致，从句可以省略主语，从句的谓语动词采用非谓语动词形式。1) Film has a much shorter history, especially when (it is ) compared to such art forms as music and painting. 2) If (it
32、is ) necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 3) Though (they were)lacking money, they sent their children to school. 4) He stopped as if (he was )to see someone followed them. 5) Once(it is ) published, the book will be a hit in the world.3. 状语从句的倒装1） hardly/ scarcely. when. , no sooner. than.,not
33、 only. but also.等连接两个分句时，如果 hardly/ scarcely，no sooner，not only位于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。2） So（such）.that 中的so（such）位于句首，用部分倒装。3） as 引导让步状与从句，意为“尽管”，把句中状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名词。其前不加冠词。Though 也可以这样用。Although不可以。1）Not only am I interested in photography, but I take a course at university. 2） So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 3） Child as/ though he is, he knows a lot. 7学科网（北京）股份有限公司