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1、上海市上海中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、单项选择1. Most of the world views freedom of opinion as a basic human right and we Chinese people also consider it.A. as such B. such asC. as soD. so as【答案】A【详解】考查固定短语。句意：世界上大多数国家都认为言论自由是一项基本人权，我 们中国人也这样认为。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语such as作为（这样），as such 相当于 as basic hum
2、an righto 故选 A 项。2. Such fears of failing the tests you have are totally unnecessary. Youd betterremove them from your mind.A. thatB. whichC. asD. so【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你这样担心考试不及格是完全没有必要的。你最好把它 们从你的脑海中抹去。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是fears of failing the tests,当先 行词前有such修饰时，只能使用as引导定语从句。故选C。3. . Despite every mean
3、sto unlock the secrets of nature, there still exist certainelements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.A. has been tried B. have been tried C. triedD. tries【答案】C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管人们试图用各种方法解开大自然的秘密，但昆虫 的生命周期中仍有一些因素尚未完全了解。此处作后置定语，try与every means是逻辑 动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成。故选C。4. A
4、s the Chinese saying goes, Meat pies won9t just fall from the sky on happens to be lucky enough to be living below.”C whoeverD. whomeverA. whoB. anyonedisaster areas, the money they use comes from taxpayers. Many of us are also 38 donors, sending funds directly from our own wallets to charitable org
5、anizations. But in the past 10 to 15 years, accusations of 39 relief efforts and unused donations have generated concern among donors. These concerns are not 40 ; large-scale international disaster relief can have drawbacks that range from wasting resources to seriously undermining （削弱）local governm
6、ents.One of the biggest challenges to disaster relief is coordination （协调）.After disaster strikes, immediate necessities are important, but what is the best way to 41 them? Unfortunately, pouring donated items into a disaster area can 42 relief efforts. Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the
7、second disaster”, 43 relief workers with extra responsibilities and taking up precious space.Then there are the consequent effects of 44 for donations for sudden big emergencies. A heartfelt expression of feeling can harm other charitable efforts by redirecting funds. The 2007 economic decline, 45 h
8、it US charitable giving which didnt recover until 2014. In such a time of donation 46 , increasing donations to a disaster area can take funds away from other efforts that might be able to use it better.If coordination is good and immediate relief goes well, damaged communities move into the 47 phas
9、e. For individuals, this includes returning to work, and recollecting personal networks, all of which require 48 to basic public services. The charitable supply of these services can have 49 consequences. Most philanthropic （慈善的）organizations want to 50 their rebuilding efforts with local workers. T
10、his practice is beneficial to a post-disaster economy as it provides a（n） 51 source of wages. But if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in therecovery area, these visitors end up causing an internal 52, Top employees are nolonger available or wi
11、lling to work in the public sector.38. A. individualB. generousC , competentD. cautious39. A. involuntaryB , desperateC. ill-intentionedD. counterproductive40. A. reasonableB.unfoundedC . promptD. limited41. A. stZkeB.secureC. deliverD. pace42. A. renewB.resistC , demandD. slow43. A. overloadingB.su
12、pplyingC , chargingD. greeting44. A. votesB.appealsC , pressuresD. substitutes45. A. on the contraryB.as a resultC. in the meanwhileD. for example46. A. fearB.boomC. scarcityD. change47. A. finalB.recoveryC. criticalD. distinct48. A. referenceB.attentionC. accessD. favor49. A. positiveB.immediateC.
13、mixedD. uncertain50. A. staffB.benefitC, replaceD. survive51. A. externalB.reliableC - naturalD. solid52. A. weak economy B.【答案】unstable community C. class prejudiceD. brain drain38. A 39. D40. B41. C42. D 43. A 44. B45. D 46. C47. B 48. C49.C 50. A51. A 52. D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述的是当灾难来袭时，外国援助和非政府组织会让 事
14、情变得更糟的原因。38 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们中的许多人也是个人捐赠者，直接从自己的钱包 里把钱捐给慈善组织。A. individual个体的；B. generous慷慨的；C. competent能干的; D. cautious 谨慎的。根据后文“sending funds directly from our own wallets to charitable organizations.”可知，面对灾难我们中的许多人也是个人捐赠者。故选A。39 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在过去的10到15年里，有关救灾工作适得其反和 未使用的捐款的指责引起了捐助者的关注。A. involun
15、tary不知不觉的；B. desperate绝 望的；C. ill-intentioned 恶意的；D. counterproductive 事与愿违的。根据后文的unused donations”可知，有关救灾工作适得其反和未使用的捐款的指责引起了捐助者的关注。故选D。40 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些担忧并非毫无根据；大规模的国际救灾可能有一 些缺点，从浪费资源到严重破坏地方政府。A. reasonable合理的；B.unfounded没有理 由的；C.prompt迅速的，立刻的；D.limited有限的。根据后文“large-scale international disaster
16、relief can have drawbacks that range from wasting resources to seriously undermining（削弱）local governments.可知，从浪费资源到严重破坏地方政府，引发了对 大规模的国际救灾的一些担忧，即这种担忧并不是没有依据的。故选B。41 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：救灾面临的最大挑战之一是协调。灾难来袭后，紧急必 需品很重要，但什么是运送这些必需品的最佳方式？ A. strike敲击，袭击；B.secure使 安全；C. deliver 运输；D. pace 踱步。根据前文“After disaster s
17、trikes, immediate necessities are important”可知，救灾面临的最大挑战之一是协调。灾难来袭后，紧急必需品很重要， 但什么是运送这些必需品的最佳方式？故选C。42 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，将捐赠物品倒入灾区可能会减缓救援工作。 A. renew 更新；B. resist 抵抗；C. demand 要求；D. slow 减慢。根据后文“Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the second disaster”可知，大量捐赠物品的到来会减缓救援工作。 故选D。43 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的
18、大量到来可能导致“第二次灾难”，使救援人员承 担额外的责任，占用宝贵的空间。A. overloading超载；B. supply提供；C.charging管 理，索费；D. greeting 问候。根据前文“Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the second disaster”可知，他们的大量到来可能导致“第二次灾难”，使救援人员承担额外的责任， 占用宝贵的空间。故选A。44 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后是为突发的重大紧急情况呼吁捐款的后续影响。A. votes 投票；B. appeals 呼吁；C. pressures 压力；D. su
19、bstitutes 代替。根据后文的“for donation.”可知，此处指呼吁捐款。故选B。45 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，2007年的经济衰退打击了美国的慈善捐赠，直 至U 2014 年才恢复。A. on the contrary 相反；B. as a result 结果；C. in the meanwhile 同时； D. for example 例如。根据前文“The 2007 economic decline,”以及后文的“hit US charitable giving which didnt recover until 2014.”可知，此处以2007年的经济衰退打击了美
20、国的慈 善捐赠，直到2014年才恢复为例，来进行说明。故选D。46 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这样一个捐赠稀缺的时期，增加对灾区的捐赠可能会 从其他可能更好地利用它的工作中抢走资金。A. fear害怕；B. boom繁荣；C. scarcity 不足；D. change 干煽。根据前文“The 2007 economic decline, 8, hit US charitable giving which didnt recover until 2014.”可知，在这样一个捐赠稀缺的时期，增加对灾区的 捐赠可能会从其他可能更好地利用它的工作中抢走资金。故选Co47 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意
21、：如果协调良好，立即救援进展顺利，受损社区就会进 入恢复阶段。A. final最终的；B. recovery恢复；C.critical批判的；D. distinct不同的。 根据前文“If coordination is good and immediate relief goes well”可知，如果协调良好，立 即救援进展顺利，受损社区就会进入恢复阶段。故选B。48 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：对个人而言，这包括重返工作岗位和重新建立个人网络， 所有这些都需要获得基本的公共服务。A. reference参考；B. attention注意力；C. access 入口，通路；D. favor 支
22、持，喜欢。根据前文“For individuals, this includes returning to work, and recollecting personal networks J可知，对个人而言，这包括重返工作岗位和重新建立 个人网络这些都需要获得基本的公共服务。故选C。49 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些服务的慈善提供可能会产生复杂的后果。A. positive 积极的；B. immediate立即的；C.mixed混合的,复杂的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据 后文“Most philanthropic （慈善的）organizations want to 13 t
23、heir rebuilding efforts with local workers. This practice is beneficial to a post-disaster economy as it provides a（n） 14 source of wages. But if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in the recovery area, these visitors end up causing an internal
24、15. Top employees are no longer available or willing to work in the public sector.”可知，这些服务的慈善提供可能会产生复杂的后果即要么对当地的工人有 利，要么，导致人才外流。故选C。50 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数慈善组织都希望为他们的重建工作配备当地工人。 这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工资来源。A. staff为配备员工； B. benefit 受益；C. replace 代替；D. survive 幸存。根据后文的“with local workers.”可知， 大多数慈善组织都希望为他
25、们的重建工作配备当地工人。故选Ao51 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工 资来源。A. external外部的，外聘的；B.reliable可靠的;C.natural自然的；D.solid坚 固的。根据前文“is beneficial to a post-disaster economy”可知，这种做法有利于灾后经济， 因为它提供了一种外部工资来源即将当地工人与重建工作相结合，为当地劳动力提供了 一种外部的工资来源。故选A。52 .考查名词短语辨析。句意：但是，如果这些来访组织的工资和工作标准高于恢复区 的水平，这些来访者最终会导致内部人才流失。A.
26、weak economy经济不景气；B. unstable community不稳定社会；C. class prejudice等级偏见；D. brain drain人才外流。根据前文 “if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in the recovery area J可知，如果来访组织（慈善组织）的工资和工作标准高于恢复地区的 工资和工作标准，则会导致内部人才流失，即不愿意留在当地工作，而出现人才流出现 象。故选D。五、阅读理解My family
27、lost everything in the little-known flood of Baton Rouge, Louisiana last year that the Red Cross called the “Worst US disaster since Hurricane Sandy.”It began raining in mid-August. Then it rained some more, got more powerful, and didnt stop for days. There was talk that the local rivers were going
28、to crest （至U达顶点）and cause some pretty serious flooding. We lived somewhat close to the Amite River, but our senior neighbors told us that our neighborhood hadnt flooded in over 100 years.Local news said that the nearby high school may get a little bit of water inside from the rising river. We though
29、t we had a couple of days to plan on how we were going to shelter in place because of the weather forecast.On the 13th of August I woke up, walked outside and headed toward the direction of the river. Some of the lower areas were collecting water but there was no standing water anywhere near my hous
30、e or even my neighborhood. I went back home and told my wife we should probably get some supplies in case this got serious; that maybe we should even pack a car in case we needed to leave though I was fairly certain there was nothing to worry about.About 30 minutes into slowly packing there was a lo
31、ud banging on my front door. It was my wifes cousin. I opened the door and she said, “What are you doing?! Get out of the house!” I looked behind her and noticed my entire yard underwater and the waterline only about a half-inch from going over my doorstep and into my house.I was floored. The river
32、wasnt supposed to crest until the next day. I thought we had more time.I yelled at my wife, 4tWe have to get out of the house. Now!”We packed up both our cars in about 10 minutes with only our most precious memories. Everything else we had built during a 10-year marriage was left behind. We evacuate
33、d about 5 miles east away from the river to my wifes grandmothers.After being there for about an hour someone came to the front door and said, “You guys ned to get out. The river is coming.Sure enough, her yard was flooding too.We evacuated a second time in as many hours to her cousins house even fu
34、rther east. After only an hour we were told again that the river was on the way and we had to leave.53 . The author realized the arrival of the flood when.A. the rain started to fall heavily and non-stopB. the nearby high school was slightly affectedC. there was standing water in some lower areasD.
35、he was informed by his wifes cousin at the door54 . What does the author mean by saying I was floored“ in the 6th paragraph?A. He was clam enough to cope with the flood.B He became trapped by the rising floodwater.C. He was shocked by the early arrival of the flood.D. He lost his temper with his wif
36、e for being unprepared.55 . From the story, what do we know about the authors evacuation?A. He didnt take action immediately despite his neighbors warning.B He trusted the weather forecast so that he prepared himself in advance.C. He and his wife brought some supplies and valuable belongings with th
37、em.D. He was forced to leave the temporary homes again and again to avoid danger. 56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Mutual Support in DisastersB. Baton Rouge FloodingE. How to Survive a FloodD. Methods of Predicting Floods【答案】53. D 54. C 55. D 56. B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲
38、述了去年，在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日那场鲜为人知 的洪水中，作者的家人失去了一切，红十字会称之为“自飓风桑迪以来美国最严重的灾 难”。53 .细节理解题。根据第五段“About 30 minutes into slowly packing there was a loud banging on my front door. It was my wifes cousin. I opened the door and she said, What are you doing?! Get out of the house! I looked behind her and noticed my entir
39、e yard underwater and the waterline only about a half-inch from going over my doorstep and into my house.（在我慢慢收拾行李大约30分钟后，我的前门传来了砰的一声巨响。是我妻子 的堂姐。我打开门，她说：“你在干什么？ ！快离开这个房子！ “我看了看她身后，发现 我的整个院子都被水淹没了，水线只差半英寸就能越过我的门阶，进入我的房子）”可知, 当作者在门口接到他妻子的堂姐的通知时，他意识到洪水要来了。故选D。54 .词句猜测题。根据划线句下文“The river wasnt supposed
40、to crest until the next day. I thought we had more time.（预计河水要到第二天才会上涨。我以为我们有更多的时间）及 第七段“I yelled at my wife, We have to get out of the house. Now!（我对妻子喊道：“我们 必须离开这个房子。现在！ ”户可推知，面对提前到来的洪水，作者非常震惊。由此可 知，作者说“Iwas floored.”意思是“洪水提前到来使他感到震惊: 故选C。55 .细节理解题。根据第八段中的We evacuated about 5 miles east away from
41、the river to my wifes grandmothers.（我们从河边向东疏散了 5英里，去找我妻子的祖母）”和第九段 “After being there for about an hour someone came to the front door and said, “You guys ned to get out. The river is coming.（在那里呆了大约一个小时后，有人来到前门说:“你们得出 去了。河水来了。及最后一段We evacuated a second time in as many hours to her cousins house even
42、 further east. After only an hour we were told again that the river was on the way and we had to leave.（我们在两个小时内第二次疏散到她表亲的房子，甚至在更东 边。仅仅过了一个小时，我们又被告知河在路上，我们必须离开）“可知，作者为了躲避 危险，被迫一次又一次地离开临时住所。故选D。56 .主旨大意题。根据第一段“My family lost everything in the little-known flood of Baton Rouge, Louisiana last year tha
43、t the Red Cross called the Worst US disaster since Hurricane SandyT（去年，在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日那场鲜为人知的洪水中，我的家人失去了一切， 红十字会称之为“自飓风桑迪以来美国最严重的灾难及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述 了作者一家在巴吞鲁日洪水期间的经历。由此可知，Baton Rouge Flooding（巴吞鲁日洪 水）适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。“Black Blizzard（暴风雪by Maurine V. ElederThis suspenseful story follows two young girls, at ho
44、me alone, when a dust storm arises.Despite their young age, Betty and Mary Ann quickly take action when the severe dust storm hits. They begin taking measures to block the dust from coming into the house, which would make the air unbreathable. Although they are frightened, they take comfort thinking
45、 they can just wait out the storm inside their home.Unfortunately, Betty realizes her beloved horse is caught out in the “black blizzard. One wrong move in the blinding storm, and Fancifoot could injure himself- or worse. Betty faces the difficult decision of leaving her younger sister to brave the
46、storm or risking Fancifbots life to remain in safetyTeachers could use this text to teach the history of the Dust Bowl of the 1930s or to teach thescience behind the causes and effects of soil erosion.“Tornado Coming!by Dick DonleyIf your students love the nail-biting tale Black Blizzard, theyll lov
47、e Tornado Coming!” as well. Because this story includes a tornado, a young kid, a small dog, and a strange neighbor, you might be reminded of another tale youve read before. However, there are no talking scarecrows（稻草人）or flying monkeys in this story!Matt is home alone with Buster when he hears the
48、siren（警报）warning of a tornado. Mentally ticking through the safety tips he learned in school, Matt heads for the storm cellar （防风地窖）with the tornado forming at his back. With only moments to spare, Matt realizes he must leave his little dog in the safety of the storm cellar to run to the aid of his unpleasant neighbor, Mrs. Laney. After the storm passes, Matt doesnt wake up to find himself in Australia; however, he does find himself in a pretty odd place.This text weaves helpful tornado s