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1、全国职称英语等级考试试题理工类爱问知识人资料仅供参考全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）第 一 部 分 阅 读 理 解（75分）Passage 1CATV is a short way of sayingn community antenna（天线）television.nBut n cable televisionn is the termmost people use.Cable television allowsviewers to receive TV programs thatthey cannot pick up with theirregular antennas.Televisi
2、on signals do not follow thecurve（曲线）of the earth.They travelin straight lines in all directions.Signals from a TV station movetoward the horizon（水平线）and thengo into space.If you live only afew miles from a station,you maynot get any picture at all.CATV began in 1948.People in placesfar from TV stat
3、ions shared the costof putting up high antennas.Acommunity antenna was usually placed资料仅供参考on a hill,a mountain,or on a hightower.The antenna picked up TVsignals and fed them into a smalllocal station.From the station,thickwires called cables ran out to nearbynews at no extra charge.homes.Each perso
4、n using thecablepaid a monthly charge.CATV worked well,and soonnewuses were found for it.Localstationscould feed programs intoemptychannels that were not in use.Peoplealong the cable could have localnews,weather reports,and farm andschoolToday,cable televisionhas moved intocities.It brings inextrapr
5、ogramsthat city viewers withregularantennascannot see.It is alsousedin manyclassrooms throughout the country.1.From the first paragraph we knowthat.资料仅供参考OA.most people use cable televisionO B.ncommunity antenna,*is anothername for n regular antennaOC.a community antenna is used forcable televisionO
6、 D.regular antennas cannot pick upTV signals programs2.Of the following,which is NOTthe way TV signals travel?OA.In a curve.OB.In a straightl ine.OC.In all direction.OD.Toward the horizon.3.Cable TV is becoming more andpopular because.OA.it is free of chargeOB.it can provide more programsO C.it prov
7、ides all TV users good资料仅供参考picturesOD.TVcan alsosets withhave aregular antennasgood receptionthrough CATV4.On the whole,thisabout.OA.how to put up highpassageantennasisOB.a way of picking up better TVprogramsO C.how to use the empty channelson your TV setO D.the way that TV signals aresent5.From th
8、e passage we can inferthat.mountainous areasOA.TVhas begun tobeusedforeducationalpurposesOB.thereis no chargeforCATVOC.cableTV cannotbeusedin资料仅供参考O D.antennas for cable TV areusually put up in the center of acommunityPassage 2In earliest times,m en consideredlightning to be one of the greatmysterie
9、s of nature.Some ancientpeopleb elieved that lightning andthunder were the weapons of thegods.In reality,lightning is a flow ofelectricity formed high above the earth.A single flash of lightning 1.6kilometers long has enough electricityto light one million light bulbs.The American scientist and stat
10、esman,Benjamin Franklin,was the first toshow the connection between electricityand lightning in 1752.In the sameyear he also built the first lightning资料仅供参考rod.This device protects buildingsfrom damage by lightning.Modern science has discovered that onestroke of lighting contains more than15 million
11、 volts.A spark between acloud and the earth may be as longas 13 kilometers,and travel at aspeed of 30 million meters per second.Scientists estimate that there are aboutmillion flashes of lightning per year.Lightning hits the Empire StateBuilding in New York City 30 to 48times a year.In the United St
12、atesalong it kills an average of oneperson every day.The safest place to be in case of anelectrical storm is in a closed car.Outside,one should go to low groundand not get under trees.Also,oneshould stay out of water and awayfrom metal fences.Inside a house,people should avoid open doorways and资料仅供参
13、考windows and not touch wires or metalthings.With lightning,it is better to be safethan sorry!6.Lightning is real l y.OA.weaponOB.electricityOC.lightOD.mystery7.People once though that lightningcame from.OA.scientistsOB.groundOC.lightning rodOD.gods8.One flash of lightning can produceenough electrici
14、ty f o r bulbs.OA.10,000资料仅供参考OB.1,000OC.1,000,000OD.1009.Benjamin Fr ankl i n.OA.made the first lightning rodOB.invented electricityOC.built the Empire State BuildingO D.prevented Lightning from hittingcars10.is the best place to beduring an electrical storm.OA.Swimming poolOB.a high groundOC.Under
15、 a treeOD.A carPassage 3资料仅供参考Because of the energy crisis,scientistsin the oil-consuming nations havebecome increasingly interested in thepotential（潜在的）of solar energy.Someexperts estimate that the present supplyof fossil（化石）fuel will not last untilthe end of the twentieth century.Theproblem that s
16、olar energy researchersface is how to harness（利用）thesuns energy effectively and inexpensively.One of the most popular methodscurrently being tested uses rooftopsolar collectors and underground storagetanks.An advantage of a properlyworking system of this type is that itwill not create any environmen
17、talpollution.Another advantage of usingsolar energy is that the cost of thefuel-the sun*s rays-is zero.When asolar heating system is working atmaximum（最 大 的）efficiency,it canprovide up to 80 percent of winter资料仅供参考heating needs.11.The main topic of this passage isOA.the shortage of fossil fuelO B.th
18、e problems that energyresearchers faceOC.an environmental pollution problemOD.an inexpensive energy source12.One popular solar heating systemmakes use of.O A.roof collectors and undergroundstorageOB.fossil fuel conversionOC.underground oil tanksOD.water collection and evaporation13.The cost of using
19、 the suns raysfor heating is资料仅供参考O A.about the same as the cost offossil fuelsOB.several hundred dollars per yearO C.negligible compared with otherenergy sourcesO D.determined by the severity ofthe winter14.Which of the following describesan advantage of using solar energy?O A.There is little or no
20、environmental pollution.OB.A large percentage of fuel costscan be saved.O C.Fossil fuels will become moreplentiful.OD.The oil-consuming nations will nothave to import oil.15.According tosomeexperts,the资料仅供参考supply of fossil fuel will not last.OA.one more centuryOB.an indeterminable timeOC.until the
21、end of this centuryOD.indefinitely第二部分 完 成 句 子（25分）根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。Not long ago,an airplane was flyingover New Zealand.There was atelevision camera crew on board.Suddenly,out in the night sky,abright sphere（球体）came into view.Everyone on board saw it andeveryone though,n
22、 UFO n-UnidentifiedFlying Object.The camera crew wentinto action and started filming.Thatweek people all over the world saw资料仅供参考the film of this mysterious light ontheir television screens.What was it?Was it a spaceship full of visitorsfrom another planet?The captain ofthe aeroplane and the film cr
23、ewbelieved it was.Other observers hadmany differente xplanations.Some saidit was Venus（金星）.Others said itwas just a trick of light.An air traffic controller also saw iton his radar screen.He thought thata flock of birds was causing dots onhis radar screen when the UFOappeared.Most astronomers now be
24、lieve thatwhat these people saw was almostcertainly the planet Venus.At thattime of year it is very bright andeasy to see.And from a movingaeroplane it can appear to be movingfast.So far there is no proof thatUFOs or spaceships from other planets资料仅供参考do exist.These years investigators ofUFOs have i
25、nvestigated thousands ofsighting-or occasions when people saidthey saw a UFO.Ninety per cent ofthese turned out to have a simpleexplanation.However,if s good idea to keep anopen mind.Scientists in some countriesare trying to persuade theirgovernments to help them study UFOs.And they are planning to
26、cooperateinter-nationally on reporting andinvestigating sightings of UFOs.After all,it is quite possible thatthere is life out there in the universe.And if something is alive,it is quitepossible that it will come to visit us.16.The captain and the camera crewbelieved that UFO was a v spaceshipfrom a
27、nother planet.资料仅供参考17.Many o believed that the UFOwas Venus.18.So far there is no proof thatUFOs are sp from outer space.19.Some scientists in the world areplanning to do some r on UFOs.20.P life in the universe may tryto make a visit to us.第 三 部 分 阅 读 理 解（80分）Passage 1In recent years,scientific an
28、dtechnological developments havedrastically changed human life on ourplanet,as well as our views both ofourselves as individuals in society andof the universe as a whole.Maybeone of the most profound developments资料仅供参考of the last decade is the discovery ofrecombinant DNA technology,whichallows scien
29、tists to introduce genetic（遗传学的）material（or genes）fromone organism into another.In itssimplest form,the technology requiresthe isolation of a piece of DNA,either directly from the DNA of theorganism under study,or artificiallysynthesized from an DNA.This pieceof DNA is then ligated（结扎）to afragment o
30、f bacterial DNA which hasthe capacity to replicate（复制）itselfindependently.The recombinant moleculethus produced can be introduced intothe common intestinal（内 部 的）bacterium Escherishchia coli,which canbe grown in very large amounts insynthetic media.Under proper conditions,the foreign gene will not o
31、nlyreplicate in the bacteria,but alsoexpress itself,through the process of资料仅供参考transcription and translation,to giverise to large amounts of the specificprotein coded by the foreign gene.The technology has already beensuccessfully applied to the productionof several therapeutically（疗 法 的）important
32、biomolecules,such as,growthhormones,interferon,insulin.Many other important applications areunder detailed investigation inlaboratories throughout the world.21.Recombinant DNA technologyconsists primarily of.O A.producing several therapeuticallyimportant biomoleculesO B.giving rise to large amounts
33、ofproteinO C.introducing genetic material fromone organism into anotherO D.using a viral enzyme calledreverse transcriptase资料仅供参考22.Recombinant DNA technology hasbeen used in the production of all ofthe following biomolecules except.OA.growth hormonesOB.Escherishchia coliOC.interferonOD.insulin23.Wh
34、ich of the following is nottrue?OA.The foreign gene will replicate inthe bacteria,but it will not expressitself through transcription andtranslation.O B.The bacterium Escherishchia colican be grown in large amounts insynthetic media.O C.Research continues in an effort资料仅供参考to find other uses forOD.R
35、ecombinant DNArecent development.this technology,technology is a24.Expression of a gene inEscherishchia coli r e q u i r e s.O A.the viral enzyme reversetranscriptaseOB.the processes of transcription andtranslationO C.production of insulin and otherbiomoleculesOD.that the bacteria be grown in asynth
36、etic media25.The term recombinant is usedbecaus e.O A.by ligation,a recombinantmolecule is produced,which has thecapacity of replication资料仅供参考O B.the technique requires thecombination of several types oftechnologyOC.by ligation,a recombinant proteinis produced,part of whose aminoacids come from diff
37、erent organismO D.Escherishchia coli is arecombinant organismPassage 2Watch a baby between six and ninemonths old,and you will observe thebasic concepts of geometry beinglearned.Once the baby has masteredthe idea that space is three-dimensional,it reaches out and beginsgrasping various kinds of obje
38、cts.It isthen,from perhaps nine to fifteenmonths,that the concepts of sets andnumbers are formed.So far,so good.But now ominous（不祥的）development资料仅供参考takes place.The nerve fibers in thebrain insulate（使隔离）themselves insuch a way that the baby begins tohear sounds very precisely.Soon itpicks up languag
39、e,and it is thenbrought into direct communication withadults.From this point on,it isusually downhill all the way formathematics,because the child nowbecomes exposed to all the nonsensewords and beliefs of the communityinto which it has been so unfortunateas to have been born.Nature havingdone very
40、well by the child nowbecomes exposed to all the nonsensewords and beliefs of to this point,having permitted it the luxury ofthinking for itself for eighteen months,now abandons it to the arbitraryconventions and beliefs of society.Butat least the child knows something ofgeometry and numbers,and it w
41、ill资料仅供参考always retain some memory of theearly halcyon（平静的）days no matterwhat vicissitudes（变化）it may sufferlater on.The main reservoir ofmathematical talent in any society isthus possessed by children who areabout two years old.Children whohave just learned to speak fluently.26.What does the passage
42、 mainlydiscuss?O A.The impact of language onmathematics.O B.Childrens ability to learnlanguages.O C.How basic concepts of physicsare learned.OD.Math-learning strategies for babies.27.According tothe passage,whichof following activities would teach a资料仅供参考baby geometry?OA.Picking up a wooden block.OB
43、.Recognizing the number 2.OC.Uttering a nonsense word.OD.Looking at distant objects.28.According to the author,at whatage does a child probably begin tolearn about sets and numbers?OA.Six months.OB.Nine months.OC.Fifteen months.OD.Eighteen months.29.The use of the word ominousshows that the author b
44、elieve thec h i l d*s OA.linguistic future is threatenedOB.nerves will deteriorateOC.hearing will sufferOD.mathematical ability all decline资料仅供参考30.The passage support which of thefollowing conclusions?O A.The language concepts used inearly education interfere withmathematical reasoning.O B.It is ho
45、peless to try to teachchildren mathematics after the age oftwo.O C.Language teaching shouldincorporate some mathematical formulas.O D.Preschool education should stresssocietys beliefs and conventions第四部分 概 括 大 意（20分）给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第一个字母，请把其余字母补全。31.The Solar EThe sun is the
46、 source of most of资料仅供参考the heatknowntous.As adirectsource ofheat,thesun maintains;lifeupon this planet,150000000kilometersdistant.It isalsoanindirect:sourceofheat.Sincetheearth isderivedfrom thesun,it isthe latterthatwemusttracesomeof theearth*sinternalheatthatreveals itself through volcanoes,geyse
47、rs（喷泉），and hot springs.32.Insects and Surface TAn insect is not afraid of gravity,but it is in deadly fear of anotherforce of nature.This force is calledsurface tension（张力）.A man comingout of a bath carries with him afilm of water about one fiftieth of aninch in thickness.This weights abouta pound.A
48、 wet mouse has to carryits own weight in water.A wet fly资料仅供参考has to lift many times its ownweight,and,as everyone knows,a flyonce wetted by water or any otherliquid is in a very serious positionindeed.An insect going for a drinkis in as great danger as a manleaning over the edge of a cliff insearch
49、 of food.If it once falls intothe grip of the surface tension of thewater-that is to say,gets wet itis likely to remain so until it drowns.A few insects contrive to beun wettable;the majority keep awayfrom their drink by means of longproboscis（喙）.33.T of Boiling Point of LiquidsWhen the temperature
50、of a liquid israised enough,the liquid boils.Thismeans that bubbles of vapor,containing millions of molecules formbelow the surface.In order for such资料仅供参考bubbles to be produced,the pressureof the vapor inside them must beequal to the pressure of the air uponthe surface of the liquid.If the airpress