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1、学术英语学术英语 管理管理Leadership第1页4LeadershipLeadership is the art and science of getting things done throughpeople.A great leader helps others see pattern,meaning,anddirection in data and events They see constellations whereothers see stars.In this unit,you will read about the keyingredients of great leade
2、rship,a case study of a company withgreat leadership,and the introduction to a psychologist whosetheories shifted leadership thinking from workers as machines toworkers as motivated human beings.第2页Unit 4LeadershipUnit ContentsLead-inText A Text BText C Writing第3页Unit 4LeadershipLead-inActivity第4页Un
3、it 4LeadershipLead-inActivity Group discussionMake a list of great leaders.They may be business,political,military leaders or leaders from any other field you can think of.Divide into groups of 4-5 and discuss the following questions:What makes each leader great?Write down their major characteristic
4、s.Read through the major characteristics of each great leader.Do you see any common themes?第5页Text A Critical reading and thinkingBackground informationSupplementary informationOverview Language building-upSpecialized vocabularySignpost languageFormal EnglishPeter Drucker and LeadershipUnit 4Leaders
5、hip第6页Unit 4LeadershipText ABackground information Video:Lead like Great ConductorsCritical reading and thinkingPoints:Leadership is getting things done through people.An orchestra conductor faces the ultimate leadership challenge:creating perfect harmony without saying a word.第7页Unit 4LeadershipTex
6、t ABackground information Tasks:Critical reading and thinking Take notes as you listen Focus on the following issues:-What is each conductors attitude towards control(by conductor)and autonomy(of musicians)?-Which style do you prefer as a musician?Why?第8页Unit 4LeadershipText ABackground information
7、Critical reading and thinkingWhere would you put them?highlowlowhighautonomycontrol第9页Unit 4LeadershipText ABackground information The five conductors are:Critical reading and thinking Carlos Kleiber(I)Ricardo Mutti Richard Strauss Herbert von Karajan Carlos Kleiber(II)Lenny Bernstein第10页Unit 4Leade
8、rshipText ABackground information Critical reading and thinkingWhere would you put them?highlowlowhighautonomycontrolRicardo MuttiHerbert von KarajanCarlos KeiberRichard Strauss/Lenny Bernstein第11页Unit 4LeadershipText ABackground information Followers decide leadership styleCritical reading and thin
9、king knowledge workers want more autonomy and less control (leadership)labors,esp.unskilled or semi-skilled workers need less autonomy and more control(management)第12页Unit 4LeadershipText ABackground information How does leadership differ from management?(Warren Bennis,On Becoming a Leader)Critical
10、reading and thinkingThe managerThe leaderadministers;innovates;is a copy;is an original;maintains;develops;focuses on systems and structures;focuses on peoplerelies on control;inspires trusthas a short-range view;has a long-range perspectiveasks how and when;asks what and whyhas his eyes always on t
11、he bottom line;has his eyes on the horizon;imitates;originates;accepts the status quo;challenges the status quo;第13页Unit 4LeadershipText ABackground information Critical reading and thinkingThe managerThe leaderis the classic good soldier;is his own self;does things right;does the right thing;plans
12、and budgets;creates vision and strategy;is generally directing and controlling;allows room for others to grow&changecreates boundaries;reduces boundaries;bases relationship with people on position power;bases relationship and influence on personal power;acts as boss;acts as facilitator,coach and ser
13、vant;personal quality:emotional distance,expert mind,talking,conformity,and insight into organizationpersonal quality:emotional connectedness,open mind,listening,nonconformity,and insight into selfmaintains stability;creates change;creates a culture of efficiency.creates a culture of integrity.第14页U
14、nit 4LeadershipText ASupplementary information Critical reading and thinkingPeter F.Drucker(1909):an influential writer,management consultant,and self-described“social ecologist”.He was born in Austria,worked in Germany(thus his first-hand experience of Hitlers charismatic leadership)and England,and
15、 then became a naturalized US citizen in 1943.His writings explored how humans are organized across the business,government and the nonprofit sectors of society.He predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century,including privatization and decentralization;the decisive importa
16、nce of marketing;and the emergence of the information society.He coined the term“knowledge worker”.第15页Unit 4LeadershipText ASupplementary information Critical reading and thinkingHis writings explored how humans are organized across the business,government and the nonprofit sectors of society.He pr
17、edicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century,including privatization and decentralization;the decisive importance of marketing;and the emergence of the information society.He coined the term“knowledge worker”.第16页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading an
18、d thinkingSubheadings:Scan the subheadings in Text A and try to get the main idea of each part.第17页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingPart I:Peter Druckers evolving attitudes toward leadershipPart II:Peter Druckers model of effective leadershipScan the subtitles
19、 in Text A and decide where Part II starts.第18页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingPart I follows a chronological order.Find out all references to time in this part,and write down Druckers attitude toward leadership at each period.第19页Unit 4LeadershipText AOvervi
20、ew Text analysisCritical reading and thinking1947Seven years later1973the 1970s the late 1980s Management is leadership.Leadership is of utmost importance.Indeed there is no substitute for it.Leadership cannot be taught or learned.There is no substitute for leadership.But management cannot create le
21、aders.Intellectual struggle with the notion of leadership:he knew leadership was important,but he was uncomfortable with charismatic leadership Xenophons ideas on military leadership should be adapted by executives to modern management practice.Time Attitude第20页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text an
22、alysisCritical reading and thinkingTime Attitude1988 1996career endHe gave the word leadership prominence.A complete reversal of attitude.Leadership must be learned and can be learned.Abandoned his earlier position.Charismatic leadership as neither good nor bad but rather like the force in Star Wars
23、,with a dark side that right-minded leaders needed to avoid.Leadership could be learned,and it should be presented as a topic separate and distinct from management.第21页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingPeter Drucker did not think management differed from leader
24、ship until his career end.第22页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingPeter Drucker had doubts about charismatic leadership(魅力型领导）第23页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingGerman sociologist Max Weber distinguished back in the 1920s
25、 three ideal types of leadership-charismatic domination (魅力型权威）-feudal/traditional domination（封建/传统型权威）-bureaucratic/legal domination（官僚/法理型权威）第24页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingStrength of charismatic leadershipresults in relatively strong,unchallenged leve
26、ls of obedienceuseful in a difficult time,e.g.crisisit can be very effective if the leaders vision is correctrhetorical abilityenergetic,unconventional,examplary第25页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingLimitations of charismatic leadershipgathering weak yes-man ar
27、ound the leadercharismatic leaders are raretendency to narcissismfreedom from moral(inner)conflicts:e.g.Hitlerunpredictable,potentially dangerous第26页Unit 4LeadershipText AOverview Text analysisCritical reading and thinkingPart IIThere are five basic aspects in the effective leadership model.Please s
28、ummarize the main idea of each aspect.第27页Unit 4LeadershipText ACritical reading and thinkingStrategic planning:Leaders must be personally involved in developing the strategy.They set up the goals before any action is taken.The means towards achieving the goals could change as situation changes.第28页
29、Unit 4LeadershipText ACritical reading and thinkingBusiness ethics&personal integrity:There is a difference between the two.Both are necessary for effective leadership.Modeling military leadership:Battlefields put leadership to extreme tests.A lot is to be learned from great military leaders.第29页Uni
30、t 4LeadershipText ACritical reading and thinkingThe psychological principles of motivation:Workers,especially knowledge workers,are not to managed,but to be led,to be motivated to do things.The marketing model and leadership:Leaders must treat workers as partners.Instead of being ordered around,the
31、workers have to be persuaded.第30页Unit 4LeadershipText ASupplementary information Critical reading and thinkingXenophon(c.430 354 BC):a Greek historian,soldier,and philosopher.While a young man,Xenophon participated in the expedition led by Cyrus the Younger(小居鲁士).Cyrus was killed in the battle.The G
32、reek soldiers found themselves without leadership far from the sea,deep in hostile territory.They elected new leaders,including Xenophon,and fought their way back to Greece.第31页Unit 4LeadershipText ASupplementary information Critical reading and thinkingXenophon wrote Kyropaidaia(also spelled as Cyr
33、opaedia居鲁士教育),a historical romance on the education of the ideal ruler,trained to rule as a benevolent despot over his admiring and willing subjects.第32页Unit 4LeadershipText ASupplementary information Critical reading and thinkingFrances Hesselbein(1915-):CEO of the Girl Scouts of the USA for 15 yea
34、rs(1976-1990)before Peter Drucker invited her to serve as President and CEO of the Leader to Leader Institute(previously known as as the Peter F.Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management).She is credited with leading a turnaround for the Girl Scouts.During her tenure,the Girl Scouts was rescued fr
35、om the danger of dissolution and attained a membership of 2.25 million girls with a workforce of 780,000,mainly volunteers.In 1998,Hesselbein was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her work with the Girl Scouts of America.第33页Unit 4LeadershipText ASupplementary information Critical readin
36、g and thinkingThe psychological principle of motivation:Workers,especially knowledge workers,are not to be managed,but to be led,to be motivated to do things.The marketing modelLeaders must treat workers as partners.The latter cant be ordered around.They must be persuaded.第34页Unit 4LeadershipSpecial
37、ized vocabularyText A Language building-upSearch the Internet and find equivalents of the following English words or phrases inChinese business literature.effective leadershipmanagement practicestrategic planningmissionvisiongoalobjectivefunctionexpense resourceperformance insight高效能劳动力管理实践战略规划使命愿景（
38、长久）目标（中短期）目标职能费用，支出资源绩效洞察第35页Unit 4LeadershipText A Language building-upSignpost language Parenthetical statements第36页Unit 4LeadershipText A Language building-upSignpost language Examples from Text A1.However,despite these clear early statements,Drucker did at times seem to equivocate about leadersh
39、ip.Only a few short sentences after the statement about the importance of leadership,for example,he added,Leadership cannot be taught or learned.2.Clearly,Drucker was ambivalent about leadershipor at least the idea that it could be taughtand he remained so for much of his career.3.In his foreword to
40、 The Leader of the Future,he wrote,Leadership must be learned and can be learned.(Italics added.)第37页Unit 4LeadershipText A Language building-upSignpost language Examples from Text A4.While Drucker did not leave us with a unified model of his concepts about effective leadership,I was able to derive
41、the essence of his beliefs from a variety of sources,including his published workbooks and articles,oral presentations,and tapesas well as my own class notes and personal conversations both during my schooling and after my graduation.5.He called them partners,and wrote that partners couldnt be order
42、ed they had to be persuaded,and leadership was therefore a marketing job.6.However,to market correctly,the needs of each group or customer segment,including their values and behaviors,had to be understood.7.In this way,a company would develop products and promote them in the way that the customernot
43、 the marketerconsidered important.第38页Unit 4LeadershipFormal EnglishText A Language building-upOn informal occasions,we tend to begin a sentence with a pronoun like I,you,we,one or just people.However,in formal settings,sentences are more likely to begin with it or there.Passive voices are employed
44、more often.Nouns are more favored over adjectives indicating the same meaning.第39页Unit 4LeadershipFormal EnglishText A Language building-upWhich of the two is more formal?You cannot predict the future,but you can create it.The best way to predict the future is to create it.第40页Unit 4LeadershipFormal
45、 EnglishText A Language building-upMake the following quotes from Drucker less formal:There is no substitute for leadership.Leadership must be learned and can be learned.Leadership is of utmost importance.We/You cant find any substitute for leadership.We must learn leadership and we can learn it.Lea
46、dership is very important.第41页Unit 4LeadershipText B NandosCritical thinking and readingSpeaking第42页Unit 4LeadershipText B Critical reading and thinkingBrief introduction to Nandos History of NandosCurrent developmentAwardsNandos leadership style第43页Unit 4LeadershipText B Critical reading and thinki
47、ngBrief introduction to Nandos Nandos leadership styleNandos has an interesting approach to leadership.Instead of making all decisions from the top,local management is allowed quite some flexibility.第44页Unit 4LeadershipText B Critical reading and thinkingText analysisWhat is behind this remarkable s
48、et of achievements?a unique culture a set of fundamental values Ways of doing things第45页Unit 4LeadershipText B Critical reading and thinkingText analysisWhich of the following are central decisions?1.the five core values of pride,passion,courage,integrity,and family 2.menu3.interior decoration of st
49、ores and music selection4.quality control5.recruitment and selection6.forms of local community involvement7.branding8.corporate social responsibility 9.employee training and motivation10.store profitabilityKey:1 2 4 7 8第46页Unit 4LeadershipText B Critical reading and thinkingText analysisFind out spe
50、cifics of Nandos people management policiesIn-house training programsTitles used to address peoplePromotion policiesTraining and development evaluation systemsDiversityEmployee engagement and involvementFun at work第47页Unit 4LeadershipText B Critical reading and thinkingText analysisNandos people man