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1、2023年新课标全国卷英语真题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解Bike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can als
2、o bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We o
3、ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.PricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24 hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.006.0
4、0Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1What is an advantage o
5、f MacBike?AIt gives children a discount.BIt of offers many types of bikes.CIt organizes free cycle tours.DIt has over 2,500 rental shops.2How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A15.75.B19.50.C22.75.D29.50.3Where does the guided city tour start?AThe Gooyer
6、, Windmill.BThe Skinny Bridge.CHeineken Brewery.DDam Square.When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When
7、he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish
8、 can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First,
9、he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own eco
10、system. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He devel
11、oped a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the
12、inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?AHe was fond of traveling.BHe enjoyed being alone.CHe had an inquiring mind.DHe l
13、onged to be a doctor.5Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?ATo feed the animals.BTo build an ecosystem.CTo protect the plants.DTo test the eco-machine.6What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?ATo review Johns research plans.BTo show an application of Johns idea.CTo compare Johns diffe
14、rent jobs.DTo erase doubts about Johns invention.7What is the basis for Johns work?ANature can repair itself.BOrganisms need water to survive.CLife on Earth is diverse.DMost tiny creatures live in groups.The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed explorati
15、on of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making
16、 so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional onli
17、ne activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, Ill guide you through carrying out your own digital declu
18、tter. In doing so, Ill draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. Youll hear these participants stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes
19、a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
20、chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.8What is the book aimed at?ATeaching
21、critical thinking skills.BAdvocating a simple digital lifestyle.CSolving philosophical problems.DPromoting the use of a digital device.9What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?AClear-up.BAdd-on.CCheck-in.DTake-over.10What is presented in the final chapter of part one?ATheoretic
22、al models.BStatistical methods.CPractical examples.DHistorical analyses.11What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?AUse them as needed.BRecommend them to friends.CEvaluate their effects.DIdentify the ideas behind them.On March 7, 1907, the English statistician F
23、rancis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that w
24、hen people make errors, those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,
25、then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, peoples errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered
26、 an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For
27、instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actua
28、lly did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasnt the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reason
29、ed together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
30、?AThe methods of estimation.BThe underlying logic of the effect.CThe causes of peoples errors.DThe design of Galtons experiment.13Navajas study found that the average accuracy could increase even if _.Athe crowds were relatively smallBthere were occasional underestimatesCindividuals did not communic
31、ateDestimates were not fully independent14What did the follow-up study focus on?AThe size of the groups.BThe dominant members.CThe discussion process.DThe individual estimates.15What is the authors attitude toward Navajas studies?AUnclear.BDismissive.CDoubtful.DApproving.二、七选五Personal ForgivenessTak
32、ing responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but dont beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 17 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good l
33、istener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that youre proud of.At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things youve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with th
34、eir homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your persona
35、lity that shine through. In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, its true. 20 We re all changing and learning all t
36、he time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.AA little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.BNow list all the characteristics you like about yourself.CThey might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.DIts just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.EIt doesnt mean you
37、have to ignore whats happened or forget it.FWhatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.GWhatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.三、完形填空On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 21 t
38、he course earlier than she did. Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 across the finish line.As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 24 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 25 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey t
39、ook her arm to see if she could walk forward with 26 . She couldnt. Bailey then 27 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28 attention.Once there, Lenoue was 29 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned
40、 that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 30 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Baileys help.As for Bailey, she is more 31 about why her act is considered a big 32 . “She was just crying. I couldnt 33 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like
41、 I was just doing the right thing.”Although the two young women were strangers before the 34 , theyve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 35 of human kindness won the day.21AdesignedBfollowedCchangedDfinished22AdelayBchanceCtroubleDexcuse23AjudgeBvolunteerCclassmateDcompetitor24Arace
42、BschoolCtownDtraining25AagreedBreturnedCstoppedDpromised26AcourageBaidCpatienceDadvice27Awent awayBstood upCstepped asideDbent down28AmedicalBpublicCconstantDequal29AinterruptedBassessedCidentifiedDappreciated30AhungerBpainCcoldDtiredness31AworriedBashamedCconfusedDdiscouraged32AgameBproblemClessonD
43、deal33AleaveBcureCbotherDunderstand34ArideBtestCmeetDshow35AsecretBdisplayCbenefitDexchange四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my
44、 favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shangha
45、i may be the 39 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long haos birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 40 hand rather than roll
46、ed. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 43 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 45 (want) more next time.五、建议信46假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 说明问题；2. 提出建议。注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Ryan, Im Li Hua from Class 3. _