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1、2022 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）（全国乙卷）英语英语注意事项：注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将
2、本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力第一部分听力(共两节，满分共两节，满分 30 分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节第一节(共共 5 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 7.5 分分)听下面听下面 5 段对话段对话。每段对话后有一个小题每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中三个选项中选出最佳选项选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后听完每段对话后，你都有你都有
3、10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.答案是 C。1.What does the man want to do?A.Have breakfast.B.Take a walk.C.Call his office.2.What was George doing last night?A.Having a meeting.B.Flying home.C.Working on a project.3.Why does the m
4、an suggest going to the park?A.Its big.B.Its quiet.C.Its new.4.How does the woman sound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5.Where is the mans table?A.Near the door.B.By the window.C.In the corner.第二节第二节(共共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.5 分，满分分，满分 22.5 分分)听下面听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给
5、的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题每小题 5 秒钟秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。遍。听第听第 6 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 6、7 题。题。6.What are the speakers going to do tonight?A.Eat out.B.Go shopping.C.Do sports.7.What is the probable relationship betw
6、een the speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Hostess and guest.C.Husband and wife.听第听第 7 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 8、9 题。题。8.Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?A.Their business is slow.B.The weather is favorable.C.Its easy to hire people.9.How will they handle the moving?A.Finish it all at once.
7、B.Have the sales section go first.C.Do one department at atime.听第听第 8 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 10 至至 12 题。题。10.What did Peter learn from his grandfather?A.How to appreciate art works.B.How to deal with artists.C.How to run amuseum.11.What did Peter do in Chicago?A.He studied at a college.B.He served in the ar
8、my.C.He worked in a gallery.12.Whose works did Peter like best?A.Rembrandts.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens.听第听第 9 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 13 至至 16 题。题。13.Where does the conversation take place?A.At a library.B.In a law firm.C.On a train.14.By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?A.March.B.August.C.Octobe
9、r.15.Why did John quit his part-time job?A.He had to catch up with his study.B.He was offered a better one.C.He got tiredof it.16.What is Susans attitude to Johns problem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.听第听第 10 段材料，回答第段材料，回答第 17 至至 20 题。题。17.What did the speaker do before the year 2012?A.Afit
10、ness coach.B.Achess player.C.Amarathon runner.18.Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?A.He was motivated by Bolt.B.He broke a world record.C.He won fifth place.19.Which is the hardest for the speaker?A.Getting over an injury.B.Doing strength training.C.Representing Botswana.20.What is
11、 the speaker mainly talking about?A.His plan to go for the gold.B.His experience on the track.C.His love for his home country.第二部分第二部分 阅读理解阅读理解(共两节，满分共两节，满分 40 分分)第一节第一节(共共 15 小题小题;每小题每小题 2 分，满分分，满分 30 分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHenry Raeburn(1756-1823)The Ex
12、hibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands bestloved painter,Sir Henry Raeburn,comes to London.Selected from collections throughout theworld,it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National
13、Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room.Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct.,15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburns English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct.,13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation inRae
14、burns PortraitsThursday 6 Nov.,13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artists Training in the18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov.,13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition:17.15.There is no re-admission.Closed:24-26 December and 1 January.Ad
15、mission4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesAspecial low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up toand including those at first degree level,in organised groups with teachers.1.What is the right time for attendi
16、ng Raeburns English Contemporaries?A.Sun.26 Oct.B.Thurs.30 Oct.C.Thurs.6 Nov.D.Thurs.13 Nov.2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A.4.B.8.C.12.D.16.3.How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They should come from art school
17、s.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with them.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据表格右上角 Raeburns English Contemporaries 部分“Thursday 30 Oct.(10月 30 日星期四)”可知，在 10 月 30 日星期四可以去参加 Raeburns English Contemporaries。故选 B 项。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据 Ad
18、mission 部分“4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult areadmitted free.(4 英镑。12 岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8 英镑，两个 12 岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为 8 英镑。故选 B 项。【3 题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aspecial low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all infull-time education,up to and including those at
19、first degree level,in organised groups withteachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人 2 英镑的特别低入场费。)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选 C 项。BIn 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends fromAuburn,N.Y.Dorothy Woodruffand Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky
20、Mountains to teach in aone-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So forthem to move to Elkhead,Colo.to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with stringwas a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The UnexpectedEduca
21、tion of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazine editor andDorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then?Well,they wanted to do something useful.Soon,however,theyrealized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and,like them,had lit
22、tle privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from thecold.In spring,the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens book,she expanded on the history of
23、the West and also on feminism,whichof course influenced the girlsdecision to go to Elkhead.Ahair-raising section concerns thebuilding of the railroads,which entailed(牵涉)drilling through the Rockies,often in blindingsnowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a v
24、ery good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍)of thepeople move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff,on her horse,looking down from a hill top:“When the sun slipped behind the mountains,it shed a rosy glow allaround them.Then a full moon rose.The snow
25、was marked only by small animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varying hares,which turned white in the winter.”4.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.B.To studyAmerican history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseeing.5.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph
26、3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.6.Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate ofAuburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.D.The natural b
27、eauty of the West.7.What is the text?A.Anews report.B.Abook review.C.Achildrens story.D.Adiaryentry.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden 的书籍并对其进行了评价。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916,two girls of wealthy families,best friends fromAuburn,N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-trave
28、led to a settlement in the RockyMountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.(1916 年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩Dorothy Woodruff 和 Rosamond Underwood来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy 和 Rosamond 去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选 A 项。【5 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family,the Harrisons,and like them,hadlit
29、tle privacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in themorning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring,the snow was replaced by mudover ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选 D 项。【6 题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ahair-raising section concerns t
30、he building of the railroads,which entailed drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden 的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选 C 项。【7 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return toAuburn.(这本书以 Rosamond 和 Dorothy 回到奥本结束
31、。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is avery good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to somebeautiful writing.(Wickenden 是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden 的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选 B 项。CCan a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliabi
32、lity of railways and,atthe same time,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likelyfuture of applying todays“eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions ofkilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
33、Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could doprecisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure suchas the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can beinspected,the more rai
34、lway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costswould be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnelsafety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approxima
35、tely 20 billion euros a yearon maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the railinfrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crewsefforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher
36、-value services forrailways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.Toperform these tasks,drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now workingon a new concept:the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the t
37、rain,and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI andtravelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,theycould signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8.What makes the application o
38、f drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Dronesability to work at highaltitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Dronesreliable performance inremote areas.9.What does“maintenance”underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance f
39、rom drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.10.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.11.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Fau
40、lts Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。【8 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used
41、 to examine high-tensionelectrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vitalaspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无
42、人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选 A。【9 题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspectand repair the rail infrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200 亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可
43、知花在maintenance 上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection ofrailway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选 C。【10 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Engineers are now working on a
44、 new concept:the raildrones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to runautonomously(工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行)”可知铁路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选 B。【11 题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee thesafety and reliability of rai
45、lways and,at the same time,help railway operators save billions ofeuros each year?That is the very likely future of applying todays“eyes in the sky”technology tomaking sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwideare safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证
46、铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以 D 项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选 D。DThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has
47、brought in half as much money as Ministersfirst predicted it would generate,the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April,2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5gof sugar per 100ml,was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）.It is believed
48、thattodays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,puttingthem at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury.However,data ofthe first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.At pres
49、ent it is expected togenerate 240m for the year ending in April 2019,which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut bymanufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax.Drinks now contain 45 million fewerkilos of sugar as a r
50、esult of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge,according to Treasuryfigures.Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litreof sugary drink they produce or import,depending on the sugar content.However,some high sugar brands,like Classic Coca Cola,have acc