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1、2022学年杭州市高二年级第二学期教学质量检测英语试题本试卷分选择题部分和非选择题部分。选择题部分1至10页，非选择题部分10页至12页 满分150分，考试用时120分钟。考生须知：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写 在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂
2、到答题纸上第一节（共5小题;每小题1. 5分,满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。1. What are the speakers doing?A. Having a picnic. B. Making some bread. C. Shopping for some fruits.2. When did the train leave yesterday?A. At 3: 10 p. m. B. At 3: 40 p. m. C. At 4:
3、00 p. m.3. Why does the man make lunch himself this winter?A. To keep fit. B. To save money. C. To improve his cooking skills.4. Where probably are the speakers?A. In a cinema. B. At a subway station. C. On a train.5. What are the speakers going to do?A. Watch a game. B. Break a record. C. Have spor
4、ts training.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完The University of Antwerp has been leading this BRAIN-DTI scientific project through the European Space Agency. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(磁共振成像)data were taken from 14 astrona
5、uts5 brains before and several times after their mission to space. Using a special MRI technique, the researchers collected the astronauts9 brain data in a resting condition.In cooperation with the University of Liege, recent analyses of the brains activity at rest found how functional connectivity,
6、 a marker of how activity in some brain areas is connected with the activity in others, changes in specific regions. We found that connectivity was alteredafter spaceflight in regions which support the combination of different types of information, rather than dealing with only one type each time J
7、say Steven Jillings and Floris Wuyts. Moreover, we found that some of these changed communication patterns remained throughout 8 months of being back on Earth. At the same time, some brain changes returned to the level of how the areas were functioning before the space mission.”The researchers are e
8、xcited with the results, though they know it is only the first step in pursuing our understanding of brain communication changes after space travel. For example, we need to understand whether longer time spent in outer space might influence these observations, and whether brain characteristics may b
9、e helpful in selecting future astronauts or monitoring them during and after space travel.12. How does the author explain the changes in the human brain?A. By collecting the data.B. By doing a survey.C. By introducing a new concept.D. By giving an example.13. What does the underlined word altered“ i
10、n paragraph 4 mean?A. Strengthened.B. Shortened.C. ChangedD. Established.14. What is the researchers5 attitude towards their future study?A. Doubtful.B. Uncertain.C. Worried.D. Hopeful.15. Whafs the text mainly about?A. The adaptation of the brain is a must for space travel.B. Space travel influence
11、s the way the brain works.C. The changes of the brain may affect space travel.D. Space travel improves the function of the brain permanently.【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究，介绍了研究开展 的经过以及研究的发现。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 “ A child who learns not to drop a glass on the floo
12、r is an example of how the brain follows the physical laws of gravity to best function on Earth.（一个孩子学会了不把杯子掉在地板上，这就是 大脑在地球上如何遵循重力物理定律来发挥最佳功能的一个例子）”可推知，作者通过举个例子解释人类 大脑的变化。故选D。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段 “In cooperation with the University of Liege, recent analyses of the brain 9s activity at rest found how f
13、unctional connectivity, a marker of how activity in some brain areas is connected with the activity in others, changes in specific regions.（在与列日大学的合作下，最近对大脑休息时活动的分析发现，功能连 通性是如何在特定区域发生变化的，功能连通性是大脑某些区域的活动如何与其他区域的活动联系起来 的标志）； 最后一句 “At the same time, some brain changes returned to the level of how the a
14、reas were functioning before the space mission.（与此同时,大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平）”以及划线词后 文 “ after spaceflight in regions which support the combination of different types of information, rather than dealing with only one type each time,由此可知，后文提到“大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平”， 可推测研究人员发现在太空飞行后，支持不同类型信息组合的区域的连通性发生了变化，而不是
15、每次只 处理一种信息，故划线词意思是“改变”。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The researchers are excited with the results, though they know it is only the first step in pursuing our understanding of brain communication changes after space travel. For example, we need to understand whether longer time spent in outer space might
16、influence these observations, and whether brain characteristics may be helpful in selecting future astronauts or monitoring them during and after space travel.（研 究人员对结果感到兴奋，尽管他们知道这只是我们了解太空旅行后大脑通信变化的第一步。例如，我们 需要了解在外太空停留的时间是否会影响这些观察结果，以及大脑特征是否有助于选择未来的宇航员或 在太空旅行期间和之后监测他们）”可推知，研究人员对未来研究的态度是充满希望。故选D。【15题
17、详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 u Scientists of the University of Antwerp and University of Liege have found how the human brain changes and adapts to weightlessness, after being in space for 6 months.（安特卫普大学和歹U 日大学 的科学家发现，在太空中呆了 6个月后，人类大脑是如何改变和适应失重的）”结合文章主要介绍了一项 关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究，介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。可知，这篇文章主要讲 了太空旅行影响
18、大脑的工作方式。故选B。第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Living a joyful life does not mean denying painful emotions. Instead, it means cultivating a mindset（心、态） that prefers an optimistic view of the world. At the same time, it means developing healthy ways to deal with dif
19、ficult emotions. Here are five reasons why joy is a powerful life choice.Joy Improves Physical Health. In recent years, science continues to prove the link between emotional well being and physical health. According to a study in BMC Cancer, researchers found that happiness and optimism may protect
20、against breast cancer. 16Joyful People are More Productive. 17 Research by Harvard Business Review found that people who work with a positive mindset may improve work performance on nearly every level including productivity, creativity, and commitment.18. If you want to improve the relationships in
21、your life, become a happier person. Positivepsychology experts say that cultivating happiness through daily habits builds healthier relationships. When you have a positive outlook, you tend to approach the people in your life from a place of gratitude and love. This helps the other feel more valued.
22、Joy Boosts Creativity. Perhaps the typical miserable image of artists has led some to feel that misery may inspire art, yet this is not the recipe for creativity. 19. According to Scientific American, happy people areopen to all sorts of ideas, and people are most creative when they are in a good mo
23、od.Joy Creates More Joy! 20 Well, it is also true with joy. When you surround yourself with positive people, you experience more happiness in your own life. By spending more time with happy people, you may feel happier, which inspires even more joy in those you meet!A. Joy strengthens relationships.
24、B. Joy determines the quality of life.C. The same goes for heart disease.D. You have probably heard the phrase “misery loves company.E. Making joy a priority can pay off when it comes to your career.F. Clinic practices show that cancer patients can be cured.G. If you really want to inspire your crea
25、tive side, you should inspire joy.【答案】16.C17. E 18. A 19. G 20. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了应该保持快乐的五个原因。【16题详解】根据上文 “Joy Improves Physical Health. In recent years, science continues to prove the link between emotional well being and physical health. According to a study in BMC Cancer, researchers found
26、that happiness and optimism may protect against breast cancer.（快乐促进身体健康。近年来，科学不断证明情绪健康和身体健康 之间的联系。根据BMC癌症杂志的一项研究，研究人员发现，快乐和乐观可以预防乳腺癌）”可知， 本句承接上文继续说明快乐和乐观对疾病的预防作用。故C选项“心脏病也是如此符合语境，故选Co【17题详解】根据上文 “Joyful People are More Productive.（快乐的人效率更高）”以及后文 uResearch by Harvard Business Review found that people
27、 who work with a positive mindset may improve work performance on nearly every level including productivity, creativity, and commitment.（哈佛商业评论的研究发现，以积极心态工 作的人几乎可以在各个层面上提高工作表现，包括生产力、创造力和承诺）”可知，本段主要关于积极心 态对职业的帮助，E选项中career对应后文work。故E选项“当涉及到你的职业生涯时，把快乐放在首 位会给你带来回报”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据后文 “If you want to
28、improve the relationships in your life, become a happier person. Positive psychology experts say that cultivating happiness through daily habits builds healthier relationships. When you have a positive outlook, you tend to approach the people in your life from a place of gratitude and love. This hel
29、ps the other feel more valued如果你想改善生活中的人际关系，那就做一个更快乐的人。积极心理学专家说，通过日常习 惯培养幸福感可以建立更健康的人际关系。当你有一个积极的观点，你倾向于从一个感激和爱的地方接 近你生活中的人。这会让对方感到更有价值）”可知，本段主要说明了快乐对于人际关系的帮助，A选项 中relationships对应后文relationships。故A选项“快乐能加强人际关系”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】不艮据上文“Joy Boosts Creativity. Perhaps the typical miserable image of artist
30、s has led some to feel that misery may inspire art, yet this is not the recipe for creativity.（快乐促进创造力。也许艺术家们典型的悲惨形象让一 些人觉得悲惨可能会激发艺术，但这并不是创造力的秘诀）”可知，本段主要说明了快乐可以促进创造 力，G选项中creative对应上文creativity。故G选项“如果你真的想激发你的创造力，你应该激发快乐” 符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据后文 “Well, it is also true with joy. When you surround yourse
31、lf with positive people, you experience more happiness in your own life. By spending more time with happy people, you may feel happier, which inspires even more joy in those you meet!（好吧，快乐也是如此。当你和积极的人在一起时，你会在自己的生活中体验到 更多的幸福。花更多的时间和快乐的人在一起，你可能会感到更快乐，这也会给你遇到的人带来更多的 快乐！）”可知，本段主要说明了和快乐的人在一起也会变得快乐，D选项中m
32、isery loves company表示当 一个人处于痛苦或困境时，他们会觉得与其他同样遭遇困境的人在一起会感到安慰。故D选项“你可能 听过这句话：同病相怜”符合语境，故选D。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项The Nigerian girls ran a great race in the womens 4 x 100m relay final at the Barcelona Olympics of 1992. They came from 5th posit
33、ion in the last 50 meters of the race to a(n) 21 position at the finish line. Mary Onyali 22 and crossed the line alongside a French competitor. Everyone in the stadium that day had23 that the French girl had won, except the Nigerian girls.The 24 of the race was re-run on the screen. The first two p
34、laces for Gold and Silver were not25, but the third place was not clear. Both girls had crossed the line at about the same time. The last meterwas replayed in 26 motion. Frame (帧)by frame, the pictures moved and were 27 at the very end to reveal less than a hairs breadth of a gap between Mary Onyali
35、 and the French athlete.The Nigerian girls saw this and 28 what had just happened. They had just become the first female medalists in Nigerias Olympic history! There was a(n) 29 inside the Barcelona Stadium. The stands burst into thunderous applause, cheers 30 the girls as they raced around the stad
36、ium for their earned 31 lap (圈). Anyone watching the celebrations would 32 have thought they were not the winner in that race, and that they were in third-place.Those pictures of the celebration by the Nigerian girls have become one of the most 33 in Olympic history, demonstrating in living color th
37、e spirit of the Olympics and of sport, that winning is 34 only coming “first“ in an event. This is a fundamental 35, not just in sports, but in all of life.21. A. improperB. hopelessC. unclearD. difficult22. A. caught upB. fell overC. turned aroundD. set up23. A. learnedB. assumedC. celebratedD. cla
38、rified24. A. leadB. teamC. timeD. end25. A. subjectiveB. controversialC. certainD. important26. A. steadyB. rapidC. slightD. slow27. A. frozenB. skippedC. removedD. taken28. A. wonderedB. decidedC. realizedD. implied29. A. discussionB. explosionC. whisperD. echo30. A. welcomingB. thankingC. inviting
39、D. introducing31. A. favouriteB. fastC. openingD. victory32. A. oftenB. everC. neverD. also33. A. typicalB. commonC. ordinaryD. innovative34. A. againstB. beyondC. throughD.about35. A. studyB. ruleC. giftD. lesson【答案】21.C22. A23. B 24. D25. B 26. D 27. A28. C 29. BD 32. C 33. A34. B 35. D30. A31.【解析
40、】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 1992年巴塞罗那奥运会女子4X100米接力决中，参赛的尼 日利亚女孩们赢得了第三名，成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上第一批女奖牌获得者，她们绕着体育场跑一 圈，赢得胜利，告诉我们胜利不仅仅是在一项赛事中获得“第一”。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们从比赛最后50米的第5名跑到终点线的一个不明确的位置。A.improper不正确的;B. hopeless绝望地;C.unclear不清楚的;D. difficult困难的。根据后文“but the third place was not clear”可知，此处指不明确的位置。故选C。【22题详解】考查
41、动词短语辨析。句意：玛丽奥尼亚利赶上来，和一名法国选手一起冲过了终点线。A.caughtup卷 入；B. fell over 跌侄；C. turned around 转身；D. set up 建立。根据上文 “They came from 5th position v以 及后文uand crossed the line alongside a French competitorv可知，玛丽奥尼亚利赶上来，和一名法国选 手一起冲过了终点线。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天体育场里的每个人都以为法国女孩赢了，除了尼日利亚女孩。A. learned 学习；B.assumed 认定；
42、C. celebrated 庆祝；D. clarified 澄清。根据后文 “the French girl had won”可知， 此处指人们以为法国女孩赢了。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛的终点在屏幕上重新播放。A. lead领先地位；B. team队伍；C.time时 间；D. end 结束。根据上文and crossed the line alongside a French competitorv可知,两个女孩是一起冲 过终点站的，所以是回播比赛的终点。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：金牌和银牌的前两名没有争议，但第三名却不清楚。subjectiv
43、e主观的；B. controversial 有争议的；C. certain 当然的；D. important 重要的。根据后文 “but the third place was not clear.中but表示转折，说明金牌和银牌的前两名没有争议，但第三名却不清楚。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一米用慢镜头重播了一遍。A. steady稳定的；B.rapid快速的；C. slight 轻微的;D. slow 缓慢的。根据上文“Both girls had crossed the line at about the same time.（两个女孩几乎同 时过线了）”可知，最
44、后一米用慢镜头重播了一遍。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：照片一帧一帧地移动，最后定格，显示出玛丽奥尼亚利和这位法国运动员 之间不到一根头发的差距。A. frozen冻结；B. skipped跳跃；C.removed去除;D.taken带走。根据后文 “at the very end”指画面定格到了最后一刻，显示出玛丽奥尼亚利和这位法国运动员之间不到一根头发的差距。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼日利亚女孩们看到了这一幕，意识到刚刚发生了什么。A. wondered想知 道；B. decided 决定；C. realized 意识到；D. implied 暗示。根
45、据后文 “They had just become the first female medalists in Nigerias Olympic history!（她们刚刚成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上第一批女奖牌获得者！）”可 知，尼日利亚女孩们看到了这一幕，意识到刚刚发生了什么。故选C。29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴塞罗那体育场内发生了一次爆炸性事件。A. discussion讨论；B.explosion爆 炸；C. whisper 低语；D. echo 回声。根据上文They had just become the first female medalists in Nigerias
46、Olympic history!（她们刚刚成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上第一批女奖牌获得者！）”可知，巴塞罗那体育场内 发生了一次爆炸性事件。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看台上爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，欢呼声欢迎女孩们在体育场周围奔跑，为她们 赢得胜利。A. welcoming 欢迎;B. thanking 感谢；C. inviting 邀请;D. introducing 介绍。根据上文 “The stands burst into thunderous applause, cheers”指看台上爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，欢呼声欢迎女孩们在体育场 周围奔跑，故选A。31题详解】考查形容词词义辨
47、析。句意：看台上爆发出雷鸣般的掌声，欢呼声欢迎女孩们在体育场周围奔跑，为她 们赢得胜利。A. favourite最爱的；B. fast快速的；C.opening开始的；D.victory胜利。根据上文“They had just become the first female medalists in Nigerias Olympic history!(她们刚刚成为尼日利亚奥运会历史上 第一批女奖牌获得者！)”可知，她们赢得了胜利，所以绕着体育场跑。故选D。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：任何观看庆祝活动的人都不会想到她们不是那场比赛的赢家，而是排在第三 位。A. often 经常；B.
48、 ever 曾经；C. never 从不；D. also 也。根据后文 “have thought they were not the winner in that race, and that they were in third-placev可知，女孩的兴奋程度让任何观看庆祝活动的人都不 会想到她们不是那场比赛的赢家，而是排在第三位。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些尼日利亚女孩庆祝的照片已经成为奥运会历史上最典型的照片之一， 用生动的色彩展示了奥运会和体育的精神，那就是胜利不仅仅是在一项赛事中获得“第一”。A. typical 典型的；B. common 共同的；C. ordinary 普通的；D. innovative 创新的。根据后文“in Olympic history” 指 尼日利亚女孩庆祝的照片已经成为奥运会历史上最典型的照片之一，故选A。【34题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些尼日利亚女孩庆祝的照片已经成为奥运会历史上最典型的照片之一，用 生动的色彩展示了奥运会和体育的精神，那