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1、20xx年英语六级考试阅读理解技巧训练：教化、文化类20xx年英语六级考试阅读理解技巧训练：教化、文化 类教化、文化类Passage 1I came away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction that enactment （扮演角色），performance, dramatization are the most successful forms of teaching. Students must be incorporated, made, so far as p
2、ossible, an integral part of the learning process. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famousD)Educated people are determined t
3、o use part of the Federal funds to help the poor.Passage 3About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.Some thought it was unfair to minority children
4、. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit (诉讼)in California claiming that the states ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denyin
5、g them the opportunity to take the test. (They believed, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially his original decision.And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children fr
6、om minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether so
7、me other factor is the cause.What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a childs physical condition or his intellectual level.Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law all
8、ows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.And then the style changed and this cross-ra
9、cial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any childs intel
10、lectual level, the better for the child in question.1. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?A)lts validity was challenged by many communities.B)lt was considered discriminative against minority children.C)lt met with strong opposition from the majority of black pare
11、nts.D)lt deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.2. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to .A)draw public attention to IQ testingB)put an end to special educationC)remove the states ban on intelligence tests D)have their children enter whit
12、e schools 3. The author believes that intelligence testing .A)may ease racial confrontation in the UnitedStatesB)can encourage black children to keep up with white childrenC)may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the United StatesD)can help black parents make decisions about their children
13、s education4. The authors opinion of child adoption seems to be that.A)no rules whatsoever can be prescribedB)white families should adopt black children C)adoption should be based on IQ test resultsD)cross-racial adoption is to be advocated5. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that A
14、)good will may sometimes complicate racial problemsB)social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of childrenC)intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areasD)American opinion can shift when it comes tosensitive issuesPassage 4Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only
15、that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Thos
16、e private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that Gift means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length
17、 away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic （语言上的.）and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us frie
18、nds, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual 侈语言的）guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have transl
19、ations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information
20、we pick up are conditioned by those natives - usually the richer - who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nations diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America wa
21、s the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of American
22、s want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.1. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably.A) s
23、tand still B) jump aside C) step forward D) draw back2. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their.A) cultural self-centeredness B) casual mannersC) indifference towards foreign visitors D) arrogance towards other cultures3. In countries other than their own most AmericansA) are
24、 isolated by the local peopleB) are not well informed due to the language barrierC) tend to get along well with the nativesD) need interpreters in hotels and restaurants4. According to the author, Americans cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will.A) affect their image in the new era B) cut
25、themselves off from the outside worldC) limit their role in world affairs D) weaken the position of the US dollar5. The authors intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that.A) it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB) it is important to maintain their leading role in w
26、orld affairsC) it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD) it is time to get acquainted with other culturesschoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his lessons that his pupils came to work as though they came to play, an
27、d Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students glad they were there.Since, we are told, 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the typical university is by the lecture method, we should give close attention to this form of education. The
28、re is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limericks observation that lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by the urge to speak, and to speak while others remain silent. But to do this regul
29、arly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time . for one person to drag on while others sit in silence? . I do not believe that this is what the Creator. designed humans to do.The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they shou
30、ld lecture dully. To showenthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone. 作文The cult （推崇）of lecturing dully, like the cult of writing dul
31、ly, goes back, of course, some years. Edward Shils, professor of sociology, recalls the professors he encountered at the University of Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. Some read
32、from old lecture notes and then haltingly explained the thumb-worn last lines. Others lectured from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn edges . The teachers began on time, ended on time, and left the room without saying a word more to their students, very seldom being detained by q
33、uestioners . The classes were not large, yet there was no discussion. No questions were raised in class, and there were no office hours.1. The author believes that a successful teacher should be able to.A)make dramatization an important aspect of students learningB)make inspired play an integral par
34、t of the learning processC)improve students learning performanceD)make study just as easy as play2. The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that.A)it draws the close attention of the studentsB)it conforms in a way to the design of the CreatorC)it p
35、resents course content in a scientific and objective mannerD)it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily3. What the author recommends in this passage is thatA)college education should be improved through radical measuresB)more freedom of choice should be given to students in their
36、studiesC)traditional college lectures should be replacedby dramatized performancesD)interaction should be encouraged in the process of teaching4. By saying They seemed a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing. (Para. 4), the author means that.A)professors are a group
37、of professionals that differ in their academic ability but behave in the same wayB)professors are like priests wearing the same kind of black gown but having different roles to playC)there is no fundamental difference between professors and priests though they differ in their meritsD)professors at t
38、he University of Pennsylvania used to wear black suits which made them look like priests5. Whose teaching method is particularly commended by the author?A)Ezekiel Cheevers. B)Cotton Mathers.C)Alfred North Whiteheads. D)Patricia Nelson Limericks.Take the case of public education alone. The principal
39、difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the las
40、t few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when hat age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to wo
41、rk, we must put them in school.We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept ov
42、er them since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequa
43、te system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may hav
44、e to be much the same, and properly so.If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well t
45、o make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute （贫民）.Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.1. What is the passage mainly about?A)How to per
46、suade local communities to providemore funds.B)How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.C)How to solve the rising unemployment problem.D)How to improve the public education system.2. What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?A)The requirement of educated worker
47、s by business.B)Raising of the legal age for going to work.C)The trend toward a shorter workday.D)Peoples concern for the future of the next generation.3. The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because.A)the unemployed are too poor to continue their educationB)a new leisur
48、e class has developedC)they are still suffering from the depressionD)an increase in taxes could be a problem4. According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government.A)should allocate Federal funds for public education)should demand that local communiti
49、es providesupportC)should raise taxes to meet the needs of public educationD)should first of all solve the problem of unemployment5. Why does the author say Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require (Lines 10-11, Para. 3)?A)Only by appropriating adequate Federal fun