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1、2021四川考研英语二真题试卷Se c t i o n I U s e o f En g l i s hDi r e c t i o n s:R e ad t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t.Ch o o s e t h e b e s t w o r d(s)f o r e ac h n u m b e r e d b l an k an d m ar kA,B,Co r D o n t h e AN SWER SHEET.(10 p o i n t s)It s n o t d i f f i c u l t t o s e t t ar g e t s f o
2、 r s t af f .It i s m u c h h ar d e r,1,t o u n d e r s t an dt h e i r n e g at i v ec o n s e q u e n c e s.Mo s t w o r k-r e l at e d b e h av i o r s h av e m u l t i p l e c o m p o n e n t s.2 o n e an d t h eo t h e r sb e c o m e d i s t o r t e d.Tr av e l o n a L o n d o n b u s an d y o
3、 u 11 3 s e e h o w t h i s w o r k s w i t h d r i v e r s.Wat c h p e o p l e g e t o n an d s h o w t h e i r t i c k e t s.Ar e t h e y c ar e f u l l y i n s p e c t e d?N e v e r.Do p e o p l e g e t o n w i t h o u t p ay i n g?O f c o u r s e !Ar e t h e r e i n s p e c t o r s t o 4 t h at
4、p e o p l eh av e p ai d?P o s s i b l y,b u t v e r y f e w.An d p e o p l e w h o r u n f o r t h e b u s?Th e y ar e 5.Ho wab o u t j u m p i n g l i g h t s?Bu s e s d o s o al m o s t as f r e q u e n t l y as c y c l i s t s.Wh y?Be c au s et h e t ar g e t i s 6.P e o p l e c o m p l ai n e d
5、 t h at b u s e s w e r e l at e an d i n f r e q u e n t.7,t h en u m b e r o f b u s e s an d b u s l an e s w e r e i n c r e as e d,an d d r i v e r s w e r e 8 o r p u n i s h e d ac c o r d i n gt o t h e t i m e t h e y t o o k.An d d r i v e r s h i t t h e s e t ar g e t s.Bu t t h e y 9 h
6、i t c y c l i s t s.Ift h e t ar g e t w as c h an g e d t o 10,y o u w o u l d h av e m o r e i n s p e c t o r s an d m o r e s e n s i t i v ep r i c i n g.If t h e c r i t e r i o n c h an g e d t o s af e t y,y o u w o u l d g e t m o r e 11 d r i v e r s w h o o b e y e dt r af f i c l aw s.Bu
7、 t b o t h t h e s e c r i t e r i a w o u l d b e at t h e e x p e n s e o f t i m e.Th e r e i san o t h e r 12:p e o p l e b e c am e i m m e n s e l y i n v e n t i v e i n h i t t i n g t ar g e t s.Hav e y o u 13 t h aty o u c an l e av e o n a f l i g h t an h o u r l at e b u t s t i l l ar
8、r i v e o n t i m e?Tai l w i n d s?O f c o u r s en o t!Ai r l i n e s h av e s i m p l y c h an g e d t h e t i m e a 14 i s m e an t t o t ak e.A o n e-h o u r f i g h ti s n o w b al l ad as a t w o-h o u r f l i g h t.Th e 15 o f t h e s t o r y i s s i m p l e.Mo s t j o b s ar em u l t i d i
9、m e n s i o n al,w i t h m u l t i p l e c r i t e r i a.Ch o o s e o n e c r i t e r i o n an d y o u m ay w e l l 16o t h e r s.Ev e r y t h i n g Can b e d o n e f as t e r an d m ad e c h e ap e r,b u t t h e r e i s a 17.Se t t i n gt ar g e t s c an an d d o e s h av e u n f o r e s e e n n e
10、g at i v e c o n s e q u e n c e s.Th i s i s n o t an ar g u m e n tag ai n s t t ar g e t-s e t t i n g.Bu t i t i s an ar g u m e n t f o r e x p l o r i n g c o n s e q u e n c e s f i r s t.Al lg o o d t ar g e t s s h o u l d h av e m u l t i p l e c r i t e r i a 18 c r i t i c al f ac t o r
11、s s u c h as t i m e,m o n e y,q u al i t y an d c u s t o m e r f e e d b ac k.Th e t r i c k i s n o t o n l y t o 19 j u s t o n e o r e v e n t w od i m e n s i o n s o f t h e o b j e c t i v e,b u t al s o t o u n d e r s t an d h o w t o h e l p p e o p l e b e t t e r 20t h e o b j e c t i v
12、 e.1.A t h e r e f o r eB h o w e v e rC ag ai nD m o r e o v e r2.A Em p h as i z e sB Id e n t i f yC As s e sD Ex p l ai n3.A nearlyB curiouslyC eagerlyD quickly4.A claimB proveC checkD recall5.A threatenedB ignoredC mockedD blamed6.A punctualityB hospitalityC competitionD innovation7.A YesB SoC
13、BesidesD S till8.A hiredB trainedC rewardedD grouped9.A onlyB ratherC onceD also10.A comfortBrevenueC efficiencyD security11.A friendlyB quietC cautiousD diligent12.A purposeB problemC prejudiceD policy13.A reportedB revealedC admittedD noticed14.A b r e akB t r i pC d e p ar t u r eD t r an s f e r
14、15.A m o r alB b ac k g r o u n dC s t y l eD f o r m16.A i n t e r p r e tB c r i t i c i z eC s ac r i f i c eD t o l e r at e17.A t as kBs e c r e tC p r o d u c tD c as t18.A l e ad i n g t oB c al l i n g f o rC r e l at i n g t oD ac c o u n t i n g f o r19.A s p e c i f yB p r e d i c tC r e
15、s t o r eD c r e at e20.A m o d i f yBr e v i e wC p r e s e n tDac h i e v e答案：1.B h o w e v e r2.A Em p h as i z e3.D q u i c k l y4.C c h e c k5.B i g n o r e d6.A p u n c t u al i t y7.BSo8.C r e w ar d e d9.D al s o10.B r e v e n u e11.C c au t i o u s12.B p r o b l e m13.D n o t i c e d14.B t
16、r i p15.B b ac k g r o u n d16.C sacrifice17.D cost18.C relating to19.Aspecify20.D achieveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the A N SW ER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Reskilling is
17、something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirementif we planto have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.W e know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as willthe requirements of the jobs that remain Research by the W EF
18、detailed in the HarvardBusinessReview,finds that on average 42 percent of the acore skills within job roleswill change by 2022.That is a very short timeline,so we can only imagine what the changes will be furtherin thefuture.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individua
19、lcompanies,thetemptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand andreplace themwith those whose skills are.That does not always happen.A T&T is often given asthe goldstandard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather thango with af ire-and-hire s
20、trategy.Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans.W hen the skillsmismatch is in the broader economy.Though,the focus usually turns to governmentto handle.Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best.And have givenus a situationwhere we frequently hear of emplo
21、yers begging for workers.Even at times and inregions whereunemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February at 3.5 per centand 5.5P.C.respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were atgenerational lowsand worker shortages were everywhere.As of M
22、ay,those rates had spiked up to 13.3per centand 13.7 per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared,not all haddone so.Inthe medical field,to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there weres till cleanshortages of doctors,nurses and other medical personnel.Of course,it is not
23、 like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be adoctor in afew weeks,no matter who pays for it.But even if you cannot close the gap,maybeyou can closeothers and doing so would be to the benefit of all concern.That seems to be thecase in Sweden:when forced to furlough 90 PC.of their cabi
24、n staff.Scandinavian Airline decidedto start up ashort retaining program that reskilled the 1aid-off workers to support hospitalstaff.The effort wasa collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.21.Research by the World Economic Forum suggestsA an increase in full time
25、 employmentBan urgent demand for new job sillsCa steady growth of jobDa controversy re aboutopportunitiesthe“core skills22.A T&T is cited to show.A an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategyB an immediate need for government supportC the importance of staff appraisal standardsDthe characteristics
26、of res-killing programs23.Eflorls to resolve the ski Ils mismatch in CanadaA have driven up labour costsB have proved to be inconsistentC have met with fierce oppositionD have appeared to be insufficient24.W e can learn from Paragraph 3 that there wasA a call for policy adjustmentB a change in hirin
27、g practicesC a lack of medical workersDa sign of economic recovery25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to.A create job vacancies for the unemployedB prepare their laid of workers for other jobsC r e t r ai n t h e i r c ab i n s t af f f o r b e t t e r s e r v i c e sD f i n an c e t h e i r s t af f s
28、 c o l l e g e e d u c at i o n答案：21 B an u r g e n t d e m an d f o r n e w j o b s k i l l s22、Aan al t e r n at i v e t o t h e f i r e an d h i r e s t r at e g y23 D h av e ap p e ar e d t o b e i n s u f f i c i e n t24 Ca l ac k o f m e d i c al w o r k e r s25、B p r e p ar e t h e i r l ai d
29、-o f f w o r k e r s f o r o t h e r j o b sTe x t 2Wi t h t h e g l o b al p o p u l at i o n p r e d i c t e d t o h i t c l o s e t o 10 b i l l i o n b y 2050,an d f o r e c as t st h atag r i c u l t u r al p r o d u c t i o n i n s o m e r e g i o n s w i l l n e e d t o n e ar l y d o u b l e
30、 t o k e e p p ac e,f o o d s e c u r i t y i si n c r e as i n g l y m ak i n g h e ad l i n e s.In t h e U K,i t h as b e c o m e a b i g t al k i n g p o i n t r e c e n t l yt o o,f o r ar at h e r p ar t i c u l ar r e as o n:Br e x i t.Br e x i t i s s e e n b y s o m e as an o p p o r t u n i
31、 t y t o r e v e r s e a r e c e n t t r e n d t o w ar d s t h e U Ki m p o r t i n gf o o d.Th e c o u n t r y p r o d u c e s o n l y ab o u t 60 p e r c e n t o f t h e f o o d i t e at s,d o w n f r o mal m o s tt h r e e-q u ar t e r s i n t h e l at e 1980s.A m o v e b ac k t o s e l f-s u f
32、f i c i e n c y,t h e ar g u m e n t g o e s,w o u l d b o o s tt h e f ar m i n g i n d u s t r y,p o l i t i c al s o v e r e i g n t y an d e v e n t h e n at i o n，s h e al t h.So u n d sg r e at 一 b u t h o wf e as i b l e i s t h i s v i s i o n?Ac c o r d i n g t o a r e p o r t o n U K f o o
33、 d p r o d u c t i o n f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f L e e d s,U K,85p e r c e n to f t h e c o u n t r y，s t o t al l an d ar e a i s as s o c i at e d w i t h m e at an d d ai r y p r o d u c t i o n.Th ats u p p l i e s 80 p e rc e n t o f w h at i s c o n s u m e d,s o e v e n c o v e r
34、i n g t h e w h o l e c o u n t r y i n l i v e s t o c k f ar m sw o u l d n，t al l o wu s t o c o v e r al l o u r m e at an d d ai r y n e e d s.Th e r e ar e m an y c av e at s t o t h o s e f i g u r e s,b u t t h e y ar e s t i l l g r av e.To b e c o m e m u c hm o r es e l f-s u f f i c i e
35、n t,t h e U K w o u l d n e e d t o d r as t i c al l y r e d u c e i t s c o n s u m p t i o n o f an i m alf o o d s,an dp r o b ab l y al s o f ar m m o r e i n t e n s i v e l y 一 m e an i n g f e w e r g r e e n f i e l d s,an d m o r ef ac t o r y-s t y l ep r o d u c t i o n.Bu t s w i t c h
36、i n g t o a m ai n l y p l an t-b as e d d i e t w o u l d n，t h e l p.Th e r e i s a g o o d r e as o nw h y t h e U Ki s d o m i n at e d b y an i m al h u s b an d r y:m o s t o f i t s t e r r ai n d o e s n，t h av e t h e r i g h t s o i lo r c l i m at e t o g r o wc r o p s o n a c o m m e r
37、c i al b as i s.Ju s t 25 p e r c e n t o f t h e c o u n t r y*s l an d i s s u i t ab l e f o rc r o p-g r o w i n g,m o s t o f w h i c h i s al r e ad y o c c u p i e d b y ar ab l e f i e l d s.Ev e n i f w e c o n v e r t e d al l t h es u i t ab l e l an d t of i e l d s o f f r u i t an d v
38、e g -w h i c h w o u l d i n v o l v e t ak i n g o u t al l t h e n at u r e r e s e r v e san d r e m o v i n gt h o u s an d s o f p e o p l e f r o m t h e i r h o m e s -w e w o u l d ac h i e v e o n l y a 30 p e r c e n t b o o s ti n c r o pp r o d u c t i o n.Ju s t 23 p e r c e n t o f t h
39、 e f r u i t an d v e g e t ab l e s c o n s u m e d i n t h e U K ar e c u r r e n t l yh o m e-g r o w n,s oe v e n w i t h t h e m o s t e x t r e m e m e as u r e s w e c o u l d m e e t o n l y 30 p e r c e n t o f o u r f r e s h p r o d u c en e e d s.Th at i s b e f o r e w e l o o k f o r t
40、 h e c e t o g r o w t h e g r ai n s,s u g ar s,s e e d s an d o i l s t h atp r o v i d e u s w i t ht h e v as t b u l k o f o u r c u r r e n t c al o r i e i n t ak e.26.So m e p e o p l e ar g u e t h at f o o d s e l f-s u f f i c i e n c y i n t h e U K w o u l d _.A.b e h i n d e r e d b y
41、i t s p o p u l at i o n g r o w t hB.c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e n at i o n，s w e l l-b e i n gC.b e c o m e a p r i o r i t y o f t h e g o v e r n m e n tD.p o s e a c h al l e n g e t o i t s f ar m i n g i n d u s t r y27.Th e r e p o r t b y t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f L e e d s s h o w s
42、t h at i n t h e UK.A.f ar m l an d h as b e e n i n e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e dB.f ac t o r y-s t y l e p r o d u c t i o n n e e d s r e f o r m i n gC.m o s t l an d i s u s e d f o r m e at an d d ai r y p r o d u c t i o nD.m o r e g r e e n f i e l d s w i l l b e c o n v e r t e d f
43、 o r f ar m i n g28.Cr o p-g r o w i n g i n t h e U K i s r e s t r i c t e d d u e to.A.i t s f ar m i n g t e c h n o l o g yB.i t s d i e t ar y t r ad i t i o nC.i t s n at u r al c o n d i t i o n sD.i t s c o m m e r c i al i n t e r e s t s29.It c an b e l e ar n e d f r o m t h e l as t p a
44、r ag r ap h t h at Br i t i s h pe o p l e.A.r e l y l ar g e l y o n i m p o r t s f o r f r e s h p r o d u c eB.e n j o y a s t e ad y r i s e i n f r u i t c o n s u m p t i o nC.ar e s e e k i n g e f f e c t i v e w ay s t o c u t c al o r i e i n t ak eD.ar e t r y i n g t o g r o w n e w v a
45、r i e t i e s o f g r ai n s30.Th e au t h o r，s at t i t u d e t o f o o d s e l f-s u f f i c i e n c y i n t h e U K i s .A.d e f e n s i v eB.d o u b t f u lC.t o l e r an tD.O p t i m i s t i c答案26.B c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e n at i o n,s w e l l,b e i n g27.C m o s t l an d i s u s e d f o
46、 r m e at an d d ai r y p r o d u c t i o n28.C its natural conditions29.A rely largely on imports for fresh produce30.B doubtfulText 3When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendar Sunrisein2015,it picked two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in SiliconValle
47、y.Microsofts own Office dominates the market for productivity“software,but thestart-upsrepresented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphoneworld.Both apps,however,were later scrapped after Microsoft said it had used their bestfeatures inits own products.Their teams of
48、engineers stayed on,making them two of the many“acqui-hiresthat the biggest companies have used to feed their great hunger for tech talentTo Microsofts critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of aremorselessdrive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path
49、.Theybought theseedlings and closed them down,“complained Paul Arnold,a partner at SanFrancisco-basedSwitch Ventures,putting an end to businesses that might one day turn intocompetitors.Microsoftdeclined to comment.Like other start-up investors,M r Arnolds own business often depends on sellingstart:
50、ups tolarger tech companies,though he admits to mixed feelings about the result:I thinkthese thingsare good for me,if I put m y selfish hat on.But are they good for the American economy?I dontknow.，zThe U S Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question.Thisweek,it asked