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1、学位英语语法重点一一虚拟语气虚拟语气 （每次考试一般占4-5分）所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小，称为虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：假设类型条件从句动词的时态与现在事实相反ifwould/should/might/could + 动词原型与过去事实相反if had+过去分词结果主句的动词的时态+过去式（be只用 were不用 was ）+ 去过分词 would/should/might/could + have与将来事实可能相反if were to +动词原形if should +动词原形would/should/might/could +动词原
2、型一、在条件句中的应用:If he had time, he would come.A.现在事实如果有时间，他一定来。（已经过去）I would certainly go if I had time.如果我有时间当然去。If he were here, he might help you.如果他在这也许帮能你。1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I him.（C, 95 年）A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. knowB.过去事实59、 If Bob with us, he would have had a
3、 good time.（C, 95年）A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD.cameC.将来事实we would state at home if it should rain tomorrow.If I were to do the examination I would it some other way.注意:条件从句中，如果含有be动词、助动词、情态动词，had, should或动词to have, 可省略if,要倒装，即把这些词放到主语前面。1 .you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you w
4、ith my questions. (B, 96 年)A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized57. Had the weather been good ，the children out for a walk. (2001)A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D. went答：B.当虚拟语气中含有were, had, should, would等词时，可以省略if,把这 些词放在主语之前。Should I meet her,
5、I would tell her,万一我见到他，我会告诉他的。Were I in your position, I would do it better.如果我处在你的位置上，我会做的更好。Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.如果他们准备了的话，他们应该能成功的。本句 为和过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，因此选B.32.the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in hisbusiness.(D, 0404)A. If he t
6、ookB. If he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken条件从句有时可以用介词短语代替。有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用 其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with, without, but for.We couldn t have achieved so much without your help.要不是你们帮忙我们不会取得这么大的成绩the work in time.(D,36. But for my classmates help, I 0404)A. did not finishB. could not fi
7、nishC. will not finishD. would nothave finishedwell.(A,32. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth 0411)条件从句有时可以用介词短语代替。有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用 其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with, without, but for.We couldn t have achieved so much without your help.要不是你们帮忙我们不会取得这么大的成绩36. But for my classmates help, I th
8、e work in time.(D, 0404)A. did not finish B. could not finish C. will not finish D. would not have finished32. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth well. (A, 0411)A. would not grow B. will not grow C. had not grown D. would not be grown二、以wish (that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句，虚拟语气中时态类似在非真实条 件从句中时态的应用一
9、时态后移，引导从句的that可以省略表示现在或将来的愿望相反的用过去时：主语+ wish +从句(过去时)wereI wish (that) I were as young as you.我真希望和你们一样年青I wish (that) I knew his address.我真希望知道他的地址与将来的愿望相反即愿望难以实现(用过去将来时)，I wish I could be of more use in the future .我希望我将来有点用处。表示与过去没有实现的愿望用过去完成时：主语+ wish+从句(主语+过去完成时)I wished he hadn t made the big
10、mistake.他要是不犯那个大错误，该有多好！32. Peter wishes that he law instead of literature when he was in college.(C, 2000)A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would study53. I didn t go to the party ,but I do wish I there.(C, 2001)A. wereB. would be C. had been D. will be三、以 suggest, propose, order, command, d
11、emand, require, request, insist, desire, advise, ask等词后引导的宾语从句，从句结构为should+动词原形，should可省略They requested that the students (should) learn the second language.他们要求学生要学第二外语。1 The doctor advised that Mr. Malan an operation right away so as to save his life.A. hadB. would haveC. have D. was going to have
12、(C, 98 年)58、His mother insisted that he the coat when going out.(A, 99年)A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on答案：D.应改为 have, suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command, require 等动词引导宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要should (可以省略)+原形动词。 (2002)51. We strongly suggest that Smith is told about his physical con
13、dition as soon as possible.答 案： C ,改 为 be told ,(2003/11)52. The doctor advised her that sheenough rest before going back to work.A. to getB. getC. getsD. got(B, 0401)四、在某些主语从句中的虚拟语气(1) It isthat引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以 省略。suggest, propose, order, require, desire, ask(2) It is +形容词+tha
14、t引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词， should 可以省略。important, necessary, vital, desirable, preferable, advisable, urgent, esseneial, requested，orderedIt is strange that he (should) go himself.真奇怪，他怎么自己独自去呢？29 It s desired that she to teach us at least twice a week.(C, 97 年)A. comesB. will comeC. comeD. may
15、 come43、 It is desirable that he .(B, 2000)A.gives up trying B.give up trying C.would give up trying D.is going to give up trying45 It s urgent that a meeting before the final decision is made.(C, 2003)A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged24. It s vital that eno
16、ugh moneycollected to get the project started.A. isB. beC. must beD. can be(B, 0411)五、在某些表语从句和同位语从句中的应用，形式：should +动词原形，should可省 略。表语前及同位语 that 前的名词：suggestion, proposal, motion, order, request, plan, idea, adviceMy suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.我的建议是我们派几个
17、人去帮助其他小组。47. Her suggestion that everybody was not appreciated. (A, 同位语从句,2001)A. sing a song B. sang a song C. sung a song D. singing a song48. The generafs command was that the soldiers their fort and carry out moreimportanttasks.(B,表语从句，2002)A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left六、以as if, a
18、s though引导的方式状语从句中 表示对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式1、He talks as if he everything in the world.A. knowsB.knewC. had knownD. would have known(答B.本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，用过去时。)2、You are talking as if you had seen them你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作） 表示对过去的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去分词七、用在由last, for fear that, in case （免得，以防万一）引导的目的状语从句
19、，表 示忧虑或担心。形式：should +动词原型，should不能省略27. I wrote it downI should forget it.（2002）A. in case B. in case of C. in order that D. for fear of答：A.in case：（连词）。本句意思：我写了下来，免得忘了。又如：Keep the window closed in case it rains.把窗子关好,以防下雨。in case of （介词短语）：假使、如果发生。In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.如遇火警,即按铃。1nord
20、er that （连词,引导目的状语从句）为了 In order that he should not be late ，his mother woke him at 6.为了 不使他迟到，母亲在 6 点 种叫醒他。for fear of：（介词）生怕、以免。She left an hour early for fear of missing her train. 她提早一小时离开以免误了火车。59. Written applications should be sent to us in case some problems with the electricversion.（C, 2002
21、）A. there will be B. there is C. there be D. there was八、would rather （that） +动词过去时，表示没发生的动作45、 I d you didn t touch that ，if you don t mind. （A, 98）A. rather B. better C. happier D. further 外语* 教育网编辑整理 46 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you next month fbr a dinner.A. come2002）B. woul
22、d comeC. came D. have come（C,九、It is (high) time (that)引导的定语从句中，动词用过去口寸，“(早就)该干一”未发生43 Its high time we something to stop traffic accident.(C,96)A. doB. will doC. didD. must do2 、 Don t you think it is time you smoking ? (B, 99)A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up43. Let s finish our homework in a few seconds, its time we .(A, 0411)A. played football B. will play football C. play football D. are playing football