初中英语反意疑问句的知识点.docx

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1、 初中英语反意疑问句的知识点 表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证明。 反意疑问句由两局部组成:前一局部是一个陈述句,后一局部是一个简短的疑问句,两局部的人称时态应保持全都。 1. 陈述局部确定式+疑问局部否认式可记为前肯后否。 2. 陈述局部否认式+疑问局部确定式可记为前否后肯。 例如:This pencil is red, isnt it? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. This pencil isnt red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 速记: 前肯后否,前否后肯,前be后be,前无be后加助,时态全都。 反意疑问句的答

2、复: 前肯后否,前否后肯,依据事实从后往前翻译。如: (1)They work hard,dont they?他们努力工作,不是吗? Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they dont.不,他们工作不努力 (2)They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗? Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they dont. 是的, 他们工作不努力 否认反义疑问句的答复 当陈述局部为确定式,反义疑问句为否认式时,其答复一般不会造成困难,一般只需照状况答复即可: Its new, isnt it? Yes, it is. “是

3、新的,不是吗?”“是,是新的。” He wants to go, doesnt he? No, he doesnt. “他想去,不是吗?”“不,他不想去。” 此时,Yes即是,对前面Its new.的确定。 答复反义疑问句的原则 答复反意疑问句通常应依据实际状况来确定, 如有人问你You are asleep, arent you? 你应答复No, Im not. 由于既然你能答复,确定你还没有asleep。 但假如别人问你 You arent asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能答复No, Im not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能答复为Yes, Im not.

4、也不能答复成 Yes, I am. “It is a beautiful flower,isnt it?” “It isnt a beautiful flower,is it?” 上述两句句子的答复确定均为“Yes,it is.否认为“No,it isnt. 由上述例子可知,反义疑问句答复与句子本身所包含的中文确定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需留意事实,确定即用yes,否认用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。 口诀: 反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。 前后肯否恰相反,否认词缀不能算。 主谓时态要全都,特别状况记心田。 实际状况来答复,再把yes和no拣。 综上所述,反义疑问句答复就是

5、按实际状况答复。 对反意疑问句的答复,无论问题的提法如何,假如事实是确定的,就用yes,事实是否认的,就要用no。 要特殊留意陈述句局部是否认构造,反意疑问句局部用确定式提问时,答复yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略答复的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 例: ?He likes playing football, doesnt he? 他喜爱踢足球,不是吗? ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 是的。/ 不是。 ?His sister didnt attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参与会议,是吗? ?Yes, she di

6、d. / No, she didnt. 不,她参与了。/ 是的,她没参与。 快速记忆表: 陈述局部的谓语 疑问局部 I/主语 arent I / are I no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否认含义的词 确定含义 含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否认意义的前缀构成的词语时,视为确定含义 否认含义 ought to(确定的) shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语 have to+v.(had to+v.) dont +主语(didnt +主语) used to+v. didnt +主语或 usedn

7、t +主语 had better + v. hadnt you would rather + v. wouldnt +主语 youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语 must 依据实际状况而定 感慨句 be +主语 指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this 主语用it 并列复合句 谓语依据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句,宾语从句主从复合句 依据主句的谓语而定 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 复数

8、they, 单数he 情态动词dare或need need/neednt (dare/darent ) +主语 dare, need 为实义动词 do/dont +主语 省去主语的祈使句 will/wont you? Lets 开头的祈使句 Shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you? there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词) 否认前缀不能视为否认词 仍用否认形式. 反意疑问句19条: 1) 陈述局部的主语是I,疑问局部要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister,arent I? 2) 陈述局部的谓语是wish,疑问局部

9、要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 3) 陈述局部用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否认含义的词时,疑问局部用确定含义。 The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述局部是确定的,疑问局部用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。 He ought to know wh

10、at to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 5) 陈述局部有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问局部常用dont +主语(didnt +主语)。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 6) 陈述局部的谓语是used to 时,疑问局部用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 7) 陈述局部有had better + v. 疑问句局部用hadnt you? Youd bet

11、ter read it by yourself, hadnt you? 8) 陈述局部有would rather +v.,疑问局部多用 wouldnt +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 9) 陈述局部有Youd like to +v. 疑问局部用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 10) 陈述局部有must 的疑问句,疑问局部依据实际状况而定。 He must be a doctor, isnt he? You must have

12、 studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 11) 感慨句中,疑问局部用用否认的助动词加sb/sth?如: 1)What a fine day it is today! What a fine day it is today,isn“t it? 2)How fast he runs! How fast he runs,doesn”t he? 3)What a long time we have been waiting! What

13、 a long time we have been waiting ,haven“t we? 12) 陈述局部由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问局部依据其实际规律意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 13) 陈述局部主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问局部主语用it。 Everything is ready, isnt it? 14)陈述局部为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问局部有三种状况: a. 并列复合句疑问局部,谓语动词依据邻近从句的谓语而定。 Mr

14、. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he? b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问局部谓语依据主句的谓语而定: He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? c. 上述局部主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问局部与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问

15、句。 I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she? 15) 陈述局部主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问局部常用复数they,有时也用单数he。 Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问局部常用 need (dare )

16、+主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问局部用助动词do + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问局部用will you。 Dont do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / wont you ? 留意: Lets 开头的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you

17、? Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 18) 陈述局部是there be构造的,疑问局部用there省略主语代词。 There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 19) 否认前缀不能视为否认词,其反意疑问句仍用否认形式。 It is impossible, isnt it? He is not

18、unkind to his classmates, is he? 有些动词如:cost hurt hit put 等,它们的过去时与原型一样,在确定句中肯定要先弄清晰它们是什么时态. 英语18种特别的反意疑问句: 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或wont you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表 示“恳求”,用wont you 多表示提示对方留意。例如: Look at the blackboard, will you/ wont you?看黑板,好吗? Let 引导的祈使句有两种状况: 1) Lets.后的反意疑问句用shall we或shant we。例如: Lets

19、go home, shall we/ shant we? 回家吧,好吗? 还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。 2) Let us/me.后的反意疑问句用will you或wont you。例如: Let me have a try, will you/wont you? 让我试一试,行吗? 2. 感慨句。感慨句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否认形式。 例如: What fine weather, isnt it? 多好的天气啊,是吧? 3. 当陈述局部谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问 句需用do的适当形式

20、。例如: He needs help, doesnt he? 他需要帮忙,是吗? 4. 陈述局部主、谓语是I am.时,反意疑问句用arent I 或amt I ,而不是am not I (可 用a m I not)。例如: Im working now, amt I? 我在工作,是吗? 5. 陈述局部的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如: Something is wrong with my radio, isnt it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧? 6. 陈述局部的主语是 everybody, eve

21、ryone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。 例如: Everyone is here, arent they? 大家都到了,是吗? No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗? 7. 陈述局部的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述局部的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的”主语用they。 例如: This is a plane, isnt it? 这是一

22、架飞机,是吗? These are grapes,arent they? 这些是葡萄,是吗? 8. 陈述局部的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如: One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 每个人都应当乐于助人,是吧? 9. 当陈述局部含有以下这些含有否认意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用确定构造。 例如: He is n

23、ever late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗? 10. 当陈述局部所含的否认词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依旧用否认构造。例如: It is unfair, isnt it? 这不公正,是吧? 11.含有否认含义的词在陈述局部作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用确定构造,也可以用否认构造。例如: You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗? 12. 当陈述局部主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应当用it。 例如: What you need is more impor

24、tant, isnt it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧? 13. 当陈述局部含I think (believe, suppose.)that. 构造时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持全都,留意主句的主语必需是第一人称。例如: I dont think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗? 14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如: They had a meeting just now,didnt they? 他们刚刚开了个会,是吗? 15. 陈述局部有have to 时,其反意疑

25、问句要用助动词的否认形式。例如: You have to water the vegetables every day, dont you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧? 16. 陈述局部是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如: There was a hospital here, wasnt there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗? 17. 陈述局部有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadnt。例如: We had better go to school at once, hadnt we? 我们现在最好立刻去上学,好吗? 18. 当陈述局部含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。假如must 作“肯定;要;必需”讲,反意疑问句须用mustnt或neednt; 而当must作推想意义“肯定 是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需依据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如: He must work hard at physics, mustnt he? 他必需努力学物理,是吧? Tom must be at home,isnt he? 汤姆肯定在家,是吧?

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