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1、Grammar TheNounClausesWhowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句 Subject Clause(主语从句)Object Clause(宾语从句)Noun clause Predicative Clause(表语从句)Appositive Clause(同为语从句）主语从句主语从句一个句子在复合句中充
2、当主语叫主语从句。一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。e.g.Thattheearthisroundistrue.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whatyouaredoingseemsverydifficult.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.1.引导主语从句的连词引导主语从句的连词that是不能省略的。是不能省略的。Thattheearthisroundistrue.Thatyouhavetoleaveisapity.That-从句作主语通常用从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将作先行词，而将tha
3、t-从从句置于句末，例如：句置于句末，例如：Itistruethattheearthisround.Itsapitythatyouhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。你非走不可真是件憾事。2.表示表示“是否是否”意义时，一般用意义时，一般用whether而不用而不用if引导主语从句，引导主语从句，Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.3.可用形式主语可用形式主语it代替主语从句：代替主语从句：eg.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheyw
4、illstart.用用it作形式主语的作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词形容词+that-从句从句Itisnecessarythat有必要有必要Itisimportantthat重要的是重要的是Itisobviousthat很明显很明显b.It+be+-ed分词分词+that-从句从句Itissaidthat据说据说Itisreportedthat据报道据报道Itisbelievedthat人们相信人们相信Itisknowntoallthat众所周知众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定已决定Itissugg
5、ested/recommendedthat据建议据建议Itisrequired/demandedthat据要求据要求c.It+be+名词名词+that-从句从句Itisawonderthat令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是Itisasurprisethat令人惊讶是令人惊讶是Itisafactthat事实是事实是Itisapitythat遗憾的是遗憾的是d.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that-分句分句Itappears/seemsthat似乎似乎Ithappensthat碰巧碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起我突然想起Itdoesntmatterwhether/how是否是否/怎样怎
6、样不重要不重要/没关系没关系四、四、it作形式主语和作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为主要是为了平衡句子结构了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变主语从句的连接词有变化。而化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分无论强调的是什么成分,都可都可用连词用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如。例如:uItisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itisinthemorningthatthem
7、urdertookplace.uItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter练一练！练一练！what与与that在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别:what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如如主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语.而而that则不然则不然,它在句子中
8、只起连它在句子中只起连接作用接作用,没有意义，但也不能省略。没有意义，但也不能省略。(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.Whatever和和whoever引导主语从句或宾语引导主语从句或宾语从句，通常在从句中作主语或宾语，从句，通常在从句中作主语或宾语，whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonewho.AsfarasImconcerned,whateverhesaysisright.Ibelievewhateverhesays.W
9、hoeverwantstoenterhisofficemustknockatthedoorfirst.Pleasegivetheticketstowhoeverwantstogotothemovie.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句3._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who4._thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That5._isafactthatEn
10、glishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Whenandwhyhecamehere_yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how8.ItworriedMaryalot_shewouldpassthecollegeentr
11、anceexamination.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how宾语从句宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句。e.g.Doyouknowwhereheis?Imglad(that)youhavepassedtheexam.Idontknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.ImsorryforwhatIhavesaid.我为我说的话表示歉意。我为我说的话表示歉意。Attention:1.由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在句中在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的
12、文体中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是常被省去，但如果从句是并列宾语从句并列宾语从句时时,第第二个分句前的二个分句前的that不可省。不可省。Shesaid(that)shewenttothepartyandthatshedidntreturnhomeuntilmidnight.2.下列宾语从句下列宾语从句必须用必须用whether引导，引导，不可不可用用if:1)从句后有从句后有ornot时，不可用时，不可用if:Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.2)介词宾语通常用介词宾语通常用whether引导引导,不可用不可用if:Itdepen
13、dsonwhetherheiscomingornot.这要看他是否会来。这要看他是否会来。3)后接动词不定式时。后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoorstay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？你能否告诉我是去还是留？3.用用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的等关联词引导的宾语从宾语从句句，应注意句子语序要用，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序陈述语序。Doyouknowwhereheis/comesfrom?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyo
14、u.我想知道他告诉了你什么。我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shewondershowshecanworkwell.她想知道怎样才能把工作做好。她想知道怎样才能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。4.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否等动词引起的否定意义的宾语从句中，要定意义的宾语从句中，要把从句中的否定形式转移把从句中的否定形式转移到主句谓语中，从句用肯定式到主句谓语中，从句用肯定式。例如：。例如：我认为绿色不适合你我认为绿色不适合
15、你Idontthinkgreensuitsyou.我相信他不会这样做。我相信他不会这样做。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我想他再也不会相信你了我想他再也不会相信你了Idontsupposehewillbelieveyou.表语从句表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.表语从句放表语从句放在连系动词后，如：在连系动词后，如：be动词，有时用动词，有时用asif引导。其引导。其基本结构为：主语基本结构为：主语+be+that/what/when/why/where/how/whether从句。从句。e.g.Theproblemisth
16、atIamshortofmoney.Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Theproblemiswhetherwecanraisesomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下看上去天要下雨了。雨了。ThatswhyyoucantmakeprogressinEnglish.Attention1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.表语从句表语从句不用不用if引导引导,要用要用whether.3.主语是主语
17、是reason时时,表语从句用表语从句用that,不用不用because引导引导.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.4.当主语是表示当主语是表示“建议，要求，命令建议，要求，命令”的词，如的词，如advice/suggestion/demand/request/order/command等时，表语从句的谓语动词常用等时，表语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词动词原形原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。Myadvice/suggestion/recommendationisthatyou(should)thinkitoverbeforeyouma
18、keadecision.Mydemandisthatyou(should)makeanapologytomeimmediately.1.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon（上海2001年春季招生）A.when B.how C.whether D.why 2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.wha
19、t C.when D.where 3._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why C.What;because D.Why;that 4.Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A.where B.there C.here where D.where there 5.Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had
20、 been careless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that6.The city is no longer _.A.what it is B.that it used to be C.which it was D.what it used to be7.The problem is_ he has enough time.A.if B.whether C./D.that同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句是用以是用以解释说明某一名词内容解释说明某一名词内容的的从句，所以它总是跟在某一名词后面。从句，所以它总是跟在某一名词后面。不是所有的名词都可以跟同为语从句，常可以被不是所有
21、的名词都可以跟同为语从句，常可以被同为语从句修饰的名词有：同为语从句修饰的名词有：advice/suggestion/order/fact/news/idea/promise/problem/question/belief/doubt/possibility/chance等。等。同位语从句的连接词主要有：同位语从句的连接词主要有：that/whether/why/who/where/when/how等。等。that,whether在同位语从句中不做成分，在同位语从句中不做成分，that无实际无实际意义，意义，whether表是否表是否；其他连词具有实际意义，；其他连词具有实际意义，同时在同为语
22、从句中做一定的成分。同时在同为语从句中做一定的成分。1.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.2.Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.3.Wehaveproofthatthemanisguilty.4.Ihavenoideawhyshequitherpresentjob.5.ThereisnodoubtthattheislandbelongstoChina.6.Thereissomedoubtwhethertheislandbelongs
23、toPhillipine.7.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.Attention在在suggestion/advice/request/requirement/demand/order等表示等表示“建议，命令，要求建议，命令，要求”的名词的名词后后,同为语从句中的谓语动词用同为语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”should可省略可省略Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe（should）usethecomputer.Ordercamethatallthesehouses（shoul
24、d）bepulleddowninamonth.Hissuggestionthatstudents（should）learnsomethingpracticalisveryreasonable.1.He asked _ for a violin（MET1992）A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid2It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.wha
25、tever C.whichever D.whenever3.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where 4.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daughter grown B.would his daughter grow C.his daughter would grow D.h
26、is daughter had grown5.Have you seen Mary lately?My boss wants to know _.A.how she is getting along B.how is she getting along C.what she is getting along D.what is she getting along6.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin_,but_.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;t
27、hatwegive7.Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited9.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether10.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that11.Itdependson_wewillbereadyintime.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.when