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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 专题突破 Unit 1 强调句型 It 作引导词，用于强调结构，一般用来强调陈述句中除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分，包括主语、宾语、状语和相关从句等，用来加强语气。这种强调句型一般用“It be+被强调部分+that（who）+其它部分”来构成，常用于现在时和过去时。如：I happened to meet Tom in the street the day before yesterday.我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆。It was Tom that I happened to meet in the street the day before yesterday.前天我在
2、街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆。It was I who/that happened to meet Tom in the street the day before yesterday.是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆。It was in the street that I happened to meet Tom the day before yesterday.我前天是在街上碰巧遇见的汤姆。It was the day before yesterday that I happened to meet Tom in the street.我是前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆。I.如果强调的部分是人，则人称代词须
3、保持原来的形式，这时连接词可用 who,whom 代替 that。如：It is he who/that teaches us French.是他教我们法语。It is us who/whom/that he teaches French.他是教我们的法语。II.如果强调句子中的地点、时间或原因状语时，连接词仍用 that，不能用 where,when 或 why。如：It is at the street crossing that I met one of my classmates that I had not seen for ages.我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学。It w
4、as last month that I took part in the Palace ball.我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞会（不能用 when）。It was for this reason,I suppose,that the book took a long time to come out.我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间才出版（不能用 why）。III.当强调 notuntil 结构时，须将 not until 连用，后面接肯定式。It is/was not until+从句+that+主语。如：学习必备 欢迎下载 It is not until there is a cata
5、strophe(灾难)that peopl e will think much of the safety.It was not until at that time that I realized what trouble he was in.直到那个时候我才意识到他有什么麻烦。It was not until the bell rang that the teacher stopped his lesson.直到铃响了老师才下课。IV.强调句型的一般疑问句须将 be 的形式提前，放在句首。如：Was it she who said it like that?是她那样说的吗？Was it t
6、he book of this kind that they liked in their childhoods?他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗？Can it be Jack that stol e the purse of the woman?是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗？V.强调句型还可用特殊疑问句。如：What was it that started the big fire in the building?到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火？When was it that she returned the book to the library?她是什么时候把书还回图书馆的？Where w
7、as it that he had worked before he came to this place?他在来这之前到底在哪儿工作呢？VI.强调句型与主语从句的区别：强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉 It be that 后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而含主语从句的复合句中的 it 是指示代词，后面多为系表结构或被动语态。如果去掉 It bethat，句子就不通顺了。如：It was in the lab that was taken charge by Professor Harris that they did the experim
8、ent.他们正是在哈里斯教授负责的实验室里做的实验。（=They did the experiment in the lab that was taken charge by Professor Harris.）It is certain that he is honest and modest.很显然，他是诚实而谦虚的。It is known to all that paper was made first in China.众所周知，纸是中国人最早制造出来的。成分包括主语宾语状语和相关从句等用来加强语气这种强调句型一般用被强调部分其它部分来构成常用于现在时和过去时如我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤
9、姆前天我在街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆我前天是在街可用代替如是他教我们法语他是教我们的法语如果强调句子中的地点时间或原因状语时连接词仍用不能用或如我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞不能用我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间有什么麻烦直到铃响了老师才下课强调句型的一般疑问句须将的形式提前放在句首如是她那样说的吗他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗强调句型还可用特殊疑问句如到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火她学习必备 欢迎下载 典例展示 1.It is the ability to do the job_ matters not w
10、here you come from or what you are.（2000 全国卷）A.one B.that C.what D.it 2.David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course.（2006 上海春季）A.that B.what C.why D.how 3.It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching musc
11、les.（2003 上海卷）A.who B.that C.how D.what 4.Why!I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say?（2004 上海卷）A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that 5.It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.（2004 福建卷)A because B which C since D that
12、 6.An awful accident _,however,occur the other day.(2000上海卷)A.does B.did C.has to D.had to 7.It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.（2006 全国 II 卷）A.when B.that C.where D.before 8.It was_ black home after the experiment.(2004 湖北卷)A.not until midnight did he go B.until
13、 midnight that he didnt go C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didnt go 9._that he managed to get the information?Oh,a friend of his helped him.（2005 山东卷）A.Where was it B.What was it C.How was it D.Why was it 10.1)It was 20 years ago _ the two friends met in Viet Nam.2)It will
14、 be 20 years _ they meet in Viet Nam.3)It is 20 years _ he came to live here.4)It was 20 years _ he spent in writing this novel.5)It was not long _ the people in Austria took up guns.6)It was midnight _ he came back home.A.when B.before C.since D.that 探究策略 强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等)
15、+that/who+句子的其余部分。一、连接词。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词 that 或 who；被强调的部分是宾语，指人时也可以用 whom；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词 that。It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night.It is Mary whom/who he often helps.It was in the street that I met him yesterday.成分包括主语宾语状语和相关从句等用来加强语气这种强调句型一般用被强调部分其它部分来构成常用于现在时和过去时如我前
16、天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆前天我在街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆我前天是在街可用代替如是他教我们法语他是教我们的法语如果强调句子中的地点时间或原因状语时连接词仍用不能用或如我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞不能用我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间有什么麻烦直到铃响了老师才下课强调句型的一般疑问句须将的形式提前放在句首如是她那样说的吗他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗强调句型还可用特殊疑问句如到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火她学习必备 欢迎下载 二、时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/
17、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用 It is.that.。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用 It was.that.。如：Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.(强调主语)It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)It was yes
18、terday that Mary met an old beggar in the street.(强调时间状语)It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday.(强调地点状语)有时，be 前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。三、强调含有 not until 的句子。在强调 not
19、 until 句型时，not 位于 until 从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即 it is(was)+not until 从句+that+其它。It was not until he had finished the work that he went home.It was not until 12 oclock last night that my brother came home.四、强调句的疑问句。强调结构的疑问形式：强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，要在主句中用一般疑问句的顺序。例如：Was it you that/who broke the window?Was it in th
20、e war that he lost his son?强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词，其结构模式是：“疑问词+is/was+it+that.”。它同感叹句的强调模式极其相似，首先将疑问句开头的部分作为强调部分，套入强调结构，然后再将其变为疑问句。例如：1.Where were you born?Where was it that you were born?2.What did you want to see?What was it that you wanted to see?3.How many people are being trained for the special work?How
21、many people is it that are being trained for the special work?。五、强调句型中的主谓一致。被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that/who 之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致关系，从而选用恰当的动词形式。例如：It is you who/that are wrong.It is I who/that am answering the question.但是如果被强调的部分是人称代词，按理应用人称代词主格形式，但在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式，此时 that/who 的谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式 is 或
22、 was。例如：It is me who is being asked the favor.另在 It is/was.,not.that.句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关系。例如：It is my brother,not I that studies in that school.It is you,not your sister that are in charge of the company.六、感叹句的强调结构，既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。例如：成分包括主语宾语状语和相关从句等用来加强语气这种强调句型一般用被强调部分其它部分来构成常用于现在时和过去
23、时如我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆前天我在街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆我前天是在街可用代替如是他教我们法语他是教我们的法语如果强调句子中的地点时间或原因状语时连接词仍用不能用或如我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞不能用我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间有什么麻烦直到铃响了老师才下课强调句型的一般疑问句须将的形式提前放在句首如是她那样说的吗他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗强调句型还可用特殊疑问句如到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火她学习必备 欢迎下载 1.How happy he looks!How happy it is th
24、at he looks!2.What a clever boy he is!What a clever boy it is that he is!七、强调句型的鉴别方法及相似句型的辨析 强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆，判断的方法是：强调句型中去掉It is/wasthat剩下的部分在语法和意义上仍然是一个完整的句子。如：It was yesterday that I met him.去掉句中的 It was that 该句为：Yesterday I met him.句意和语法都非常正确，说明这是一个强调句。而其他句型则不行。高考题型 21.I like _ in t
25、he autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(NMET 2004 I)A.this B.that C.it D.one 22.It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.A.because B.which C.since D.that 23.It was _ back home after the experiment.(湖北 2004)A.not until midnight did he go B.until midni
26、ght that he didnt go C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnigh t when he didnt go 24.Why!I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say?(上海 2004)A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that 25.It was only with the help of the local guide _.(上海 2004 春)A.was the mounta
27、in climber rescued B.that the mountain climber was rescued C.when the mountain climber was rescued D.then the mountain climber was rescued 26.It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu,such as headache and aching muscles.(上海 2003)A.who B.that C.how D.what 27.It was because of
28、 bad weather _ the football match had to be put off.A.so B.so that C.why D.that 28.-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.(北京 2002 春)A.that;It B.this;This C.this;It D.that;This 29.The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they ca
29、n move in.(NMET 2001)成分包括主语宾语状语和相关从句等用来加强语气这种强调句型一般用被强调部分其它部分来构成常用于现在时和过去时如我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆前天我在街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆我前天是在街可用代替如是他教我们法语他是教我们的法语如果强调句子中的地点时间或原因状语时连接词仍用不能用或如我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞不能用我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间有什么麻烦直到铃响了老师才下课强调句型的一般疑问句须将的形式提前放在句首如是她那样说的吗他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗强调句型还可
30、用特殊疑问句如到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火她学习必备 欢迎下载 A.they B.it C.one D.which 30.It was for this reason _ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.(上海 2001 春)A.which B.why C.that D.how 31.It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D
31、.it 32.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.(上海 2000)A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 33.It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages _ attracted the audiences interest.(上海 2000 春)A.so that B.that C.what D.in which 34.Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?(
32、上海 1995)A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself 35.It is _ who _ reasonable.A.me;am B.me;is C.I;am D.I;is 36.Tom could not say what it was _ bothered him.A.that B.who C.what D.which 37.It was not until she had arrived home _ her appointment with the doctor.A did she remember B.that she remembered C
33、.when she remembered D.had she remembered 38.It was in Beihai Park _ they made a date for the first time _ the old couple told us their love story.A.where;that B.that;that C.where;when D.that;when 39.Why was _ you lost all your keys?It was because of my carelessness.A.that B.what C.it that D.one 40.
34、It was _ I met Mr.Smith in London.A.many years that B.for many years since C.since many years ago when D.many years ago that 41.Was _ Bill,_ played basketball very well,_ helped the blind man across the street.A.that;that;who B.it;that;that C.it;who;that D.this;who;who 成分包括主语宾语状语和相关从句等用来加强语气这种强调句型一般
35、用被强调部分其它部分来构成常用于现在时和过去时如我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆前天我在街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆我前天是在街可用代替如是他教我们法语他是教我们的法语如果强调句子中的地点时间或原因状语时连接词仍用不能用或如我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞不能用我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间有什么麻烦直到铃响了老师才下课强调句型的一般疑问句须将的形式提前放在句首如是她那样说的吗他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗强调句型还可用特殊疑问句如到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火她学习必备 欢迎下载 专题突破 Unit 2 宾语从句
36、典例展示 1.As soon as he comes back,I ll tell him when _ and see him.（2005 北京卷）A.you will come B.will you come C.you come D.do you come 2.Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.（2006 北京）A.aren t;are B.aren t;were C.weren t;are D.weren t;were 3.(湖南 2004)I think Father would 1ike
37、 to know_ I ve been up to so far，so I decided to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 4.Please remind me_ he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.（2006 全国卷 I）A.where B.when C.how D.what 5.What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do _ I think I shoul
38、d.（2006 全国卷 II）A.when B.that C.how D.what 6.We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（2006 江苏卷）A.if B.where C.whether D.that 7.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough(2005 山东卷)A.where B.how C.what D.which 8.Mary wrote an article on _the
39、team had failed to win the game.（2005 全国卷 I）A.why B.what C.who D.that 9.With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased_ he was a man of action.（2006 湖南卷）A.which B.that C.what D.whether 10.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.（2004 全国卷）A.this B
40、.that C.it D.one 11.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _in my new job.(2000 全国卷)A.expected B.to expected C.to be expecting D.expects 解析：B。12.How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?I think wed better fly there.Its much more comfortable.（2004 福建卷）13.I dont suppose anyone will volun
41、teer,_?(2001 上海卷)A.do I B.dont I C.will they D.wont they 探究策略 宾语从句是高考的一个热点，也是一个难点，近几年虽说出现的次数不多，但是不能掉以轻心。一、宾语从句可分为三类：成分包括主语宾语状语和相关从句等用来加强语气这种强调句型一般用被强调部分其它部分来构成常用于现在时和过去时如我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆前天我在街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆我前天是在街可用代替如是他教我们法语他是教我们的法语如果强调句子中的地点时间或原因状语时连接词仍用不能用或如我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞不能用我
42、想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间有什么麻烦直到铃响了老师才下课强调句型的一般疑问句须将的形式提前放在句首如是她那样说的吗他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗强调句型还可用特殊疑问句如到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火她学习必备 欢迎下载 1.由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句。由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的 that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We mu
43、st never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。2.用 who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work
44、well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3.用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。例如：I doubt whether our team can win the match.我怀疑我们队能否赢这场比赛。二、宾语从句考点 1.考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述
45、语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?()Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?()The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考:what 在从句中的成分)陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。例如：She said,“I will leave a message on the desk.”She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
46、变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg.“Where are the tickets?”I asked him.I asked him where the tickets are.2.考查时态。宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）I thought(that)you are free today.()I thought(that)you would be free today.()【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如
47、何，从句都用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.3.考查连接词的选用 1）连词 that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。He knew(that)he should work hard.成分包括主语宾语状语和相关从句等用来加强语气这种强调句型一般用被强调部分其它部分来构成常用于现在时和过去时如我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆前天我在街上碰巧遇见的是汤姆是我前天碰巧在街上遇见了汤姆我前天是在街可用代替如是他教我们法语他是教我们的法语如果强调句子中的地点时间或原因状语时连接
48、词仍用不能用或如我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞不能用我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间有什么麻烦直到铃响了老师才下课强调句型的一般疑问句须将的形式提前放在句首如是她那样说的吗他们在孩提时代喜欢的是这种书吗是杰克偷了那妇女的钱包吗强调句型还可用特殊疑问句如到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火她学习必备 欢迎下载 2）连词 if、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用 if。Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether o
49、r not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和 whether 可以互换，但以下 3 种情况只能用 whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn t been decided.在介词前：It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.与 or not 连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.3）连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which，连接副词 when,where,why,how 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，
50、各有自己的意义。The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.4.考查作介词宾语从句。宾语从句除了在及物动词后，也可以用在介词后。They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.You can write about whatever topic you can think of.5.考查形容词后的宾语从句。某些像 glad,happy,sorry,sure,delighted,plea