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1、介词的用法与练习 I.介词的种类 1.简单介词，常用的有 at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without,to,by,with,of,over,behind,up,after,against 等。2.复合介词，如 on to,along with,because of,in front of,instead of等。3.介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1)和动词的搭配，如 agree with,ask for,belong to,keep away from,care about等。(2)和形容词的搭配，如 afraid of,angry
2、with,different from,good at (3)和名词的搭配，如 answer to,key to,reason for,visit to等.*介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。II.某些介词的意义与用法区别 1.at,on,in(表时间):at 表示时间的一点；in 表示一个时期；on 表示特殊日子 A.at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如：at five oclock （五点），at down（黎明），at daybreak（天亮），at sunrise（日 出）,at noon（中午），at sunset（日落），at midnight（半夜），
3、at the beginning of the month（月初），at that time（那时），at that moment（那会儿），at this time of day（在一天的这个时候）。B.in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如：in 2006（2006 年），in May，2004（2004 年五月），in the morning（早晨/上午），in the afternoon（下午），in the evening（晚上），in the night（夜晚），in the daytime（白天），in the 21st century（21 世纪），i
4、n three days（weeks/month）三天（周/个月），in a week（一周），in spring（春季）。*C.on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早中、晚.on Sunday（星期日），on a warm morning in April（四月的一个温暖的上午），on a December night（12月 的 一 个 夜 晚），on that afternoon（那 天 下 午），on the following night（下一个晚上），on Christmas afternoon（圣诞节下午），on October 1，1949（1949 年
5、10 月 1 日），on New Year s Day.(特别提示):在 last,next,this,that,some,every 等词之前一律不用介词 2.between,among(表位置)“在.之间”A.between 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也可用 between,如 Im sitting between Tom and Alice.The village lies between three hills.B.among 用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students.3.beside,besid
6、es,except beside 意为在旁边，He sat beside me.besides 意为除之外,包括在内。What do you want besides this?except 意为除之外,不包括在内 They go to work in a week except Saturday.4.in the tree,on the tree in the tree,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，on the tree,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西 5.on the way,by the way,in this way on the way 指在路上,on ones way to.b
7、y the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法,in that way,in other way,in these ways 6.by bus,on the bus by bus 是一般说法,固定搭配,on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 7.across,through,和 past“通过,经过”across 从表面经过,如,road,bridge,river through 从内部空间经过,如:city,woods,forests,window,gate past,从旁边经过.EX:Fill in the blanks with across or through.
8、1.We have to walk _the gate to go into the factory.2.When we went _the cinema,we saw a traffic accident.3.Look out _the window,please.4.Dont walk_the ice.It s dangerous.5.Suddenly,a young man ran _me.6.If you walk _the square,you will see the Sunflower Hotel.7.The river goes _the city.8.The old man
9、can swim _the stream.9.I walked _him without saying hello.10.The army moved _the forests quietly.8.on,above,over,“在上”,up,A.on 指在某物表面上,有接触点 a book on the table B.over 指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上,与 under 相对 a cloth over the table,a fan over the table C.above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方 反义词为 below,He lives above me
10、他住我家楼上(不一定就是头上一间)The temperature today is above zero.今天气温零度以上.D.up 表示在往上的方向 反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空 9.for,since,A.since 仅说明什么时候开始，,后常跟一个具体的过去的时间.B.for 表示某动作或情况持续多久,后常跟一段时间。He has studied the piano for 5 years.They have lived here since 1978.10.after,behind,“在之后”A.after 主要用于表示时间 B.behind 主要
11、用于表示位置 11.in,after “以后”A.“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后,用在将来时态中.,常回答 how soon的提问.B.“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后,相当于 一段时间+later My mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.=He arrived five minutes later.12.by,with,in,on 表示方式,手段,工具，A.by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具,或跟 V-ing形式.B.with 表示用 工具,C.in 表示用方
12、式，用语言(语调、颜色)等 D.on 表示通过媒介,on the telephone,on the radio,on TV Eg:He learned Japanese by listening to the radio.We Chinese have meals with chopsticks.The novel is written in English.Ex:Fill in the blanks with by,with or in,on 1.I sent the message to him _email.2.The pupils write _pencils.3.Do you kno
13、w the meaning of word _Chinese?4.The man climbed up to the tree _a ladder.5.They solved the problem _ communicating.6.The woman was crying _a low voice.7.The old man often gets news _the radio.8.We often cut things _a knife.9.He improved his writing skill _keeping diaries.10.My grandpa can sing some
14、 songs _Russian.13.放在地点之前的介词:at,in,on A.at (1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在附近，旁边”B.in (1)表示 在大地方;(2)表示“在范围之内”。C.on 表示毗邻，接壤 D.to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤 III.介词的其他一些用法.1.against,靠着,反对，违背,对抗.He was against the laws.2.as,作为.English is used as a mother language.3.at,在旁边,The boy is sitting at the door.4.but,除了.He has nothing but
15、 money.5.for.,为.,因为.,至于.He failed the exam for his carelessness.6.like,象,如同.He looks like my best friend.7.till,until,直到,在以前.We didnt go home till five yesterday.8.with,有，带着。Id like some coffee with sugar.9.by,在.附近 They live by a river.10.短语介词:thanks to,because of,in spite of,instead of 等和形容词的搭配如和名词
16、的搭配如等介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的形式某些介词的意义与用法区别表时间表示时间的一点表示一个时期表示特殊日子后常接几点几分天明中午日出日落开始等如五点黎明天亮日出中午日落半夜晚白天世纪三天周个月一周春季后跟某日星期几某日的朝夕节日等即具体某一天极其早在上指在某物表面上有接触点表示通过媒介指在某物垂直上方无接触点也可指覆盖在某物上与相对指在某物的上方即可不一定是垂直上方反义始后常跟一个具体的过去的时间表示某动作或情况持续多久后常跟一段时间在之后主要用于表示时间主要用于表示位置以后段时间表示将来的一段时间以后用在将来时态中常回答的提问段时间表示过去的一段时间以后相当于一段时 一.选择最佳答案
17、(表示时间关系的介词).1.The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A.on B.at C.in D.for 2.What do you usually do _ Christmas?A.on B.at C.in D.for 3.Mrs Brown worded in the west of Australia _ last summer?A./B.on C.in D.since 4.The first class begins _ 8 o clock _ the morning.A.at/on B.at/in C.on/in D.on/
18、on 5._the past two months he has been busy with his school work.A.For B.On C.Since D.At 6._last Saturday,we had had two football matches with Class Two.A.For B./C.By D.During 7.We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A.on/through B.on/to C.from/to D.on./till 8.Mr Black will visit our new school bu
19、ilding _ two days.A.before B.after C.at D.in 9._ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _ the end.A.At/at B.By/in C.In/at D.At/in 10.We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A.on B./C.in D.for 11.He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A.in B.at C.on D.for 12.I m afraid
20、I gave you a lot of trouble _ my stay here.A.in B.for C.during D.on 13.The singing group will have two performances _ October.A.after B.since C./D.for 14.The supermarket is open _ midnight.A.at B.on C.till D./15.She didn t go to work _ that morning.She slept _ noon.A./till B.ontill C.atat D./at 16.H
21、e was ill _ a week,and _ the week he ate almost nothing.A.for/at B.for/during C.during/during D.for/for 17.Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A.in/in B.in/on C.from/to D.to/in 18.Children get presents _ Christmas and _ their birthday.Granny is coming for lunch_ Christmas day.A.at/on/on B.on/on/o
22、n C.at/in/at D.in/on/in 19._ New Year s eve people usually don t go to bed until midnight.A.At B.On C.For D.In 20.Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A.at B.in C.for D./21.Every day the old man takes these children home _ school.A.at B.to C.from D.after 22.Could you come to my office _ the day
23、after tomorrow.A./B.on C.in D.at 23.We had built three bridges over the river _ the end of 1994.A.at B.on C.for D.by 24.Life will be better _ the 21st century.A.at B.on C.for D.in 25.Do you often work late _ night.A.at B.in C.for D.during 二.选择最佳答案(表示地点运动方向的介词).1.I had a new card,and I didn t write _
24、.A.on it B.it C.in it D.above it 2.There is a bridge _ the river.A.under B.over C.on D.next 3.He said that he would meet us _ the cinema.A.in B.at C.on D.in 4.There is a book store_ the street corner.A.at B.in C.on D.by 5.From the top of the teaching building we saw the lake _ us.A.under B.over C.be
25、low D.above 6.There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A.on B.at C.in D.besides 7.It was written _ page 20.A.at B.in C.on D.above 8.My house is _ the two buildings,so we get little sunshine during the day.A.between B.among C.in D.at 9.Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A.for/for B.for/at
26、C.at/for D.at/at 10.Don t talk so loud _ table.A.by B.on C.at D.beside 11.Is there anything interesting _ today s newspaper?A.in B.on C.at D./12.Cars and buses travel _ the road to the town.A.on B.along C.in D.by 13.Can you tell me who spoke _ the meeting?A.at B.along C.in D.for 14.My uncle lives _
27、208 Smith Street.A.at B.on C.to D.with 15.At last we reaches the village _ the hill.A.at the foot of B.at foot C.on foot of D.in the foot from 16.Shanghai is _ the east of China and Japan is _the east of China.A.to/to B.to/in C.in/to D.in/in 17._ the end of the street you can find the post office.A.
28、By B.At C.On D.In 18.Do you often listen _the programmes _ the radio.A.to/of B.to/in C.to/on D.on/to 19.Please wait _the office.Don t come in until you are called.A.in B.into C.inside D.outside 20.Are you going to leave Guangzhou _ Beijing?A.for B.to C.from D.in 21.The whale has a nose _ the top of
29、its head.A.at B.above C.over D.on 22.You must go _ the bridge and then you will see the bank _ the left.A.over/on B.to/by C.to/on D.over/at 23.There is a hole _ the wall.A.in B.at C.for D.towards 24.Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo?A.to B.at C.for D.towards 25.Bill kicked the ball too hard,and
30、 it went _ the street _ one of Mr.Smith s windows.A.across/on B.through./on C.across/through D.to/through 等和形容词的搭配如和名词的搭配如等介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的形式某些介词的意义与用法区别表时间表示时间的一点表示一个时期表示特殊日子后常接几点几分天明中午日出日落开始等如五点黎明天亮日出中午日落半夜晚白天世纪三天周个月一周春季后跟某日星期几某日的朝夕节日等即具体某一天极其早在上指在某物表面上有接触点表示通过媒介指在某物垂直上方无接触点也可指覆盖在某物上与相对指在某物的上方即可不一
31、定是垂直上方反义始后常跟一个具体的过去的时间表示某动作或情况持续多久后常跟一段时间在之后主要用于表示时间主要用于表示位置以后段时间表示将来的一段时间以后用在将来时态中常回答的提问段时间表示过去的一段时间以后相当于一段时三.选择最佳答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)1.Thank you _ your coming.A.to B.of C.by D.for 2.He spent a long time _ the maths problem.A.in B.on C.for D.at 3.Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoo
32、n.A.with B.on C.by D.at 4.How much did you pay _ this book?A.for B.at C.on D.with 5.Please translate the sentence _ English.A.into B.to C.at D.for 6.The price of the computer has been reduced_ 5%.A.off B.to C.by D.about 7.Please fill the bottle_ tea.A.by B.with C.for D.in 8.The machines cut big piec
33、es of metal _small pieces.A.in B.by C.to D.into 9.Billy works hard at school and his teachers often praise him_ his hard work.A.with B.at C.on D.for 10.You must apologize _ her for your rudeness.A.to B.at C.on D.with 11.I got angry and I threw a stone _him.A.to B.towards C.at D.for 12.You can borrow
34、 the book _ your school library.A.from B.to C.for D.at 13.I prefer coffee_ tea.A.over B.to C.for D.than 14.Would you show me _ your factory?A.to B.in C.at D.round 15.Don t catch me _ the arm.I have nothing to do _the matter.A.by/with B.on/with C.by/on D.on/on 16.Help yourself_ some fish.It tastes ve
35、ry nice.A.with B.on C.in D.to 17.Bill must deliver the newspapers_ people s houses_ all kinds of weather.A.to/in B.at/in C.for/for D.to/for 18.They haven t decided_ the date for the next meeting.A.for B.by C.in D.on 19.Let me introduce her _ you.A.with B.on C.to D.for 20.Li Ling fell _ his bicycle t
36、his morning A.on B.down C.off D.to 21.I shouted_ her,but shi didn t hear me.A.to B.at C.on D.for 22.Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students.A.with B.to C.by D.among 23.After school,I often learn singing and dancing _ hobbies.A./B.on C.in D.for 24.LI Ming fell ill this morning,so he asked _ leave
37、.A.from B.for C.on D.in 25.I saw the man hit the boy _ the face.A.in B.on C.toward D.by 四.选择最佳答案(注意介词的习惯用法)1.Mr Li,shall I write _ ink?A.by B.of C.in D.with 2.Can you find out the answer_ these questions?A.of B.for C.to D.with 3._ his help,I passed the English test yesterday.A.Under B.Of C.With D.by
38、 4.Don t forget to bring your text book _ you.A.in B after C.with D.to 5.The people are waiting _ the bus,and they ate standing _ line.A.for/on B.for/in C.at/on D.at/in 6.Can you sing this song _ English?A.with B.in C.by D.for 7.Who is the boy _ blue trousers?A.in B.on C.with D.at 8.He decided to ge
39、t some medicine_ his cold.A.to B.of C.on D.for 9.The baby s sleeping.Don t speak_ such a loud voice.A.with B.in C.on D.at 10.The old woman over there is blind _ both eyes.A.on B.with C.for D.in 11.China is a large country _ a long history.A.for B.in C.by D.with 12.We can t live even for a few minute
40、s_ air.A.in B.without C.by D.with 13.The soldiers are standing_ a row.A.in B.on C.by D.with 14.She always serves her customers _ a smile.A.in B.with C.by D.on 15.Don t read _ the sun.It s bad _ your eyes.A.under/of B.in/towards C.in/for D.under/for 16.How many students go to school _ foot?A.by B.in
41、C.on D.with 17.Come here,and I want to have a word _ you.A.with B.for C.to D.on 18._ _ his great surprise,the experiment has turned out a success.A.In B.To C.With D.At 19.The girl_ dark hair and bright eyes is LiLi.A.with B.in C.on D.by 20.I heard the song_ the radio.If you want to learn it,you may
42、watch the MTV _ Channel 8 tonight.A.in;on B.on;on C.on;at D.in;in 21.I saw the great changes _ my own eyes.A.in B.by C.on D.with 22.You can cook a fish_ many ways.A.in B.by C.with D.for 23.I like the cross talk _ Class Two best.A.in B.by C.for D./24.You can see taxis _ different colours and sizes in
43、 big cities.A.of B.with C.for D./25.Fangfang,here is a letter _ you.It s _ your brother.A.from/to B.for/to C.for/from D.for/for 等和形容词的搭配如和名词的搭配如等介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的形式某些介词的意义与用法区别表时间表示时间的一点表示一个时期表示特殊日子后常接几点几分天明中午日出日落开始等如五点黎明天亮日出中午日落半夜晚白天世纪三天周个月一周春季后跟某日星期几某日的朝夕节日等即具体某一天极其早在上指在某物表面上有接触点表示通过媒介指在某物垂直上方无接触点也可指覆盖在某物上与相对指在某物的上方即可不一定是垂直上方反义始后常跟一个具体的过去的时间表示某动作或情况持续多久后常跟一段时间在之后主要用于表示时间主要用于表示位置以后段时间表示将来的一段时间以后用在将来时态中常回答的提问段时间表示过去的一段时间以后相当于一段时