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1、巧学宾语从句 宾语从句语法详解 宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how 展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选 that，疑问需用 if/whether 连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的 if/when，从句的简化记心间。一、三姊妹 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1.由 that 引导的宾语从句。如：We knew（that）we should learn from each other.2.由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。如：Pleas
2、e tell me if/whether you have been to America.3.由 who，where，how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？二、三关 1.引导词关 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用 that（that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一 般疑问句，引导词用 if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词 2.语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest b
3、oy.The teacher said.The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I don tk now.I don tk now when he left.3.时态关 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种
4、时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现 在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用 1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一 致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me.He asked me if he
5、might use my knife.“Dyoou know her telephone number？”Hea sked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk？I don tk now.I don tk now who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？四、两副面孔 if 和 when 既能引
6、导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I won t come.（时间状语从句）I don tk now if it will rain tomorrow.（宾语从句）五、从句的简化 1.当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不 带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.She found the wallet
7、 lie/lying on the ground.2.当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从 句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.She agreed to help me with my maths.3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连 接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can y
8、ou tell me how to get to the station？注意：一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。态要一致陈述语序永不变陈述请你选疑问需用连特殊问句作宾从原来问词不用换三关过后莫得意人称标点需注意留意变脸的从句的简化记心间一三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型由引导的宾语从句如由引导的宾语从中常
9、省略如果从句是一般疑问句引导词用如果从句是特殊疑问句引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词副词语序关陈述句变为宾语从句语序不变即仍用陈述语序如一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句语序变为陈述语序如时态关如的某种时态如注意如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理自然现象等时不管主句是什么时态从句都要用一般现在时如三人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语但在下列情况下只能用 whether：在具有选择意义，又有 or 或 or not 时，尤其是直接与 or not 连用时，往往用 whether(if or not 也可以 使用)。如：Let me
10、 know whether if he will come or not(Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not(I dont know whether or not he does any washing)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go 我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用 whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes
11、English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用 whether。如：Whether to go there or not hasn tbeen decided.whether 置于句首时，不能换用 if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say 这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句
12、时宜用 whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus 问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book 可理解为：a Please let me know whether you like the book 请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b If you like the book，please let me
13、 know 你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。态要一致陈述语序永不变陈述请你选疑问需用连特殊问句作宾从原来问词不用换三关过后莫得意人称标点需注意留意变脸的从句的简化记心间一三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型由引导的宾语从句如由引导的宾语从中常省略如果从句是一般疑问句引导词用如果从句是特殊疑问句引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词副词语序关陈述句变为宾语从句语序不变即仍用陈述语序如一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句语序变为陈述语序如时态关如的某种时态如注意如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理自然现象等时不管主句是什么时态从句都要用一般现在时如三人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句
14、则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语专项练习 I.选择填空。1.Do you know _ this time yesterday?A.who are they waiting B.who they are waiting for C.who were they waiting D.who they were waiting for 2.Could you tell us _?A.if your father does B.what does your father do C.your father does what D.what your father does 3.Can yo
15、u tell me what _ next Sunday?A.will they do B.they would do C.would they do D.they will do 4.She asked me if I knew _.A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it 5.Excuse me,could you tell me _?A.when can I get to the station B.I can get to which station C.which station
16、 I can get to D.how I can get to the station 6.Can you tell me where _?.A.is the post office B.the post office is C.does the post office D.the post office does 7.Do you know who _ with at eight yesterday?A.he is talking B.was he talking C.he was talking D.is he talking 8.They wondered if the teacher
17、 _ us English the next term.A.would teach B.had taught C.will teach D.taught 9.He told me that the sun _ in the east.A.rises B.raises C.rose D.raised 10.The boy asked _ any noise from outside.A.whether had I heard B.whether I had heard C.whether have I heard D.whether I have heard 11.This map will s
18、how you _ .A.where is the Summer Palace B.where the Summer Palace is C.where is the Summer Palace like D.how the Summer Palace is like 12.My brother _ to the ground while _ his bicycle and hurt his leg.A.falls;is he riding B.fell;he was riding C.falls;he is riding D.felt;was he riding 13.I dont know
19、 _ he will be back home.A.who B.what C.when D.where 14.Could you tell me _?A.where do you live B.who you are waiting for C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in 15.Do you still remember _?A.that he said B.what he said C.did he say that D.what did he say 16.I cant understand _ the boy alone.A.
20、why she left B.why did she leave C.why she had left D.why had she left 17.She told me the sun _ in the east.态要一致陈述语序永不变陈述请你选疑问需用连特殊问句作宾从原来问词不用换三关过后莫得意人称标点需注意留意变脸的从句的简化记心间一三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型由引导的宾语从句如由引导的宾语从中常省略如果从句是一般疑问句引导词用如果从句是特殊疑问句引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词副词语序关陈述句变为宾语从句语序不变即仍用陈述语序如一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句语序变
21、为陈述语序如时态关如的某种时态如注意如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理自然现象等时不管主句是什么时态从句都要用一般现在时如三人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen 18.They tried to find out _ the new train _.A.how far/had gone B.how long/has gone C.how far/went D.how far had/run 19.The manager came up to see _.态要一致陈述语
22、序永不变陈述请你选疑问需用连特殊问句作宾从原来问词不用换三关过后莫得意人称标点需注意留意变脸的从句的简化记心间一三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型由引导的宾语从句如由引导的宾语从中常省略如果从句是一般疑问句引导词用如果从句是特殊疑问句引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词副词语序关陈述句变为宾语从句语序不变即仍用陈述语序如一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句语序变为陈述语序如时态关如的某种时态如注意如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理自然现象等时不管主句是什么时态从句都要用一般现在时如三人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语20.C
23、an you tell me _?A.where are you doing B.where do you study C.where you were doing D.where you study 21.I really don t know _ the window yesterday.A.who broke B.who had broken C.why broke D.whether breaks 22.He asked his father _.A.where it happens B.where did it happen C.how it happened D.how did i
24、t happen 23.No one tells us _,so we need your help.A.how we should do B.what should we do C.how to do it D.what to do it 24._ hell come or not isnt important.A.Why B.If C.Whether D.What 25.Would you like to know _ they will do it or not.A.if B.that C.whether D.why 26.-Where do you think _ he _ the T
25、V set?Sorry,Ive no idea.A./,bought B.has,bought C.did,buy D.did bought 27.Our hometown has changed a lot.Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years.A.how,another B.what,more C.how,other D.what,another 28.-Could you tell me _?-Yes.He _ to the USA.A.where is he/has been B.where he is/has gone C.w
26、here was he/has been D.where he was/has gone 29.Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow.-Yes.But if it _,well visit the museum instead.A.you have/will rain B.you will have/will rain C.you will have/rains D.will you have/rains 30.I dont know if he _ tomorrow.If he _,Ill meet him.A.will come/comes B
27、.comes/comes C.will come/will come D.comes/will come 31.I really dont know if she _ it when she _.A.finds/arrives B.finds/will arrive C.will find/will arrive D.will find/arrives 32 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A.has never gone B.had never gone C.has never been D.had never been 33.The stude
28、nts want to know whether they_ dictation today.A.had B.has.C.will have D.are 34.She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A.could she B.she could C.she can D.she may 35.Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A.traveled B.has traveled C.travels D.had travelled 36.I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A.wha
29、t B.if C.when D.where 37.I hardly understand._ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who 38.She didnt know_ back soon.A.whether he would be B.if would he be C.he will be 39.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.whether B where C.what D.when 态要一致陈述语序永不变陈述请你选疑问需用连特殊问句作宾从原来问词不用换三关过后莫
30、得意人称标点需注意留意变脸的从句的简化记心间一三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型由引导的宾语从句如由引导的宾语从中常省略如果从句是一般疑问句引导词用如果从句是特殊疑问句引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词副词语序关陈述句变为宾语从句语序不变即仍用陈述语序如一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句语序变为陈述语序如时态关如的某种时态如注意如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理自然现象等时不管主句是什么时态从句都要用一般现在时如三人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语40.Do you know _ they listened to yes
31、terday evening?A.what B when C why D how 41.She asked me if I knew _.A.whose pen is it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen was it 42.You must remember _.A.what your mother said B.what did your mother say C.your mother said what D.what has your mother said 43.Could you tell me _?A.when w
32、ill they leave Beijing B.when would they leave Beijing C.when they will leave Beijing D.when did they leave Beijing 44.I dont know _ he will come tomorrow _ he comes，Ill tell you A if；Whether B whether；Whether Cif；That Dif；If II.句型转换 1.When does the train arrive?Please tell me.（改为宾语从句）Please tell me
33、 .2.What does he do?Do you know?（改为宾语从句）Do you know _ he _?3.Do they want fried chicken?He asked the boys.（改为宾语从句）He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.4.Was the watch made in Shanghai?I dont know.（改为宾语从句）I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.5.“Do you want to try something new?”Toms mother
34、asked him.（同义句）Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try something new.6.I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）I _ _ this _ a good idea.7.Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.（改为主从复合句）Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ buy.8.I dont know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句）I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.9 Does M
35、r Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改为主从复合句）Could you tell us _ Mr Brown _ living in China？10“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me（变为主从复合句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help 11 Jim is not a student Tom is not a student，either（合并为一个句子）Jim Tom is a student 12 When does the train leave
36、？I want to know（改为主从复合句）I want to know _ the train _ 态要一致陈述语序永不变陈述请你选疑问需用连特殊问句作宾从原来问词不用换三关过后莫得意人称标点需注意留意变脸的从句的简化记心间一三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型由引导的宾语从句如由引导的宾语从中常省略如果从句是一般疑问句引导词用如果从句是特殊疑问句引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词副词语序关陈述句变为宾语从句语序不变即仍用陈述语序如一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句语序变为陈述语序如时态关如的某种时态如注意如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理自然现象等时不管主句是什么时态从句都要用一般现
37、在时如三人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语13 They went home after they had finished their homework（用 not until 改写）They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 14 Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know（改为主从复合句）Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday 态要一致陈述语序永不变陈述请你选疑问需用连特殊问句作宾从原来问词不用换三关过后莫得意人称标点需注意留意变脸的从句的简化记心间一三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型由引导的宾语从句如由引导的宾语从中常省略如果从句是一般疑问句引导词用如果从句是特殊疑问句引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词副词语序关陈述句变为宾语从句语序不变即仍用陈述语序如一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句语序变为陈述语序如时态关如的某种时态如注意如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理自然现象等时不管主句是什么时态从句都要用一般现在时如三人称的变化和标点的使用从句的主语如果是第一人称变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致如果是第二人称则与主句的宾语