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1、【高考复习】非谓语动词-动词的-ing形式 一、构成形式及其含义 主动语态 被动语态 含义 一般式 doing being done 同时于谓动或说话时间 完成式 having done having been done 早于谓动-ing 分词的时态 1-ing 分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。But,具有名词特点时(多指作宾语时),则没有时间先后的意味。【例】He sat there reading the text 他坐在那里读课文。(reading 和 sat 同时发生)I enjoyed playing basketball (playing 完全被名词化了,作宾语))
2、我喜欢打篮球。I insist on going there 我坚持去那儿。(going 完全被名词化了,作宾语)Excuse me for coming late for class(coming 完全被名词化了,作宾语)请原谅我上课迟到了。2ing 分词的完成式所表示的动作早于谓语动词。如:【例】The teacher was surprised at his having finished his homework so soon 老师真没想到他如此迅速地做完作业。(完成作业早于 was surprised)Having lived in Beijing for many years,s
3、he knows the city well 因为在北京住了多年,所以她对这个城市很熟悉。(Having lived 早于 knows)ing 分词的语态 1一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的,正在进行的,或者是与谓语动作同时的动作。The building being built is our library 正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。(being built 和 building 是动宾关系,且说话时正在进行 build)The question being discussed is of great importance 正在讨论的问题是非常重要的。2完成式的被动语态表示一个被动的,早于
4、谓语的动作。Having been told many times,he still did not know how to do it (人家)已经告诉他多少次了,他还是不知道怎么做。Having been translated into Chinese,the book can be read by more people 被译成汉语了,这本书就能有更多的读者了。(Having been translated 和 book 是被动的,且早于 read)二、ing 分词的用法 1ing 分词作主语 Seeing is believing 百闻不如一见。Swimming is the best
5、 exercise in summer 在夏天,游泳是最好的锻炼方式。ing 分词 VS 不定式【同】ing 分词和不定式都可以作主语,一般可以互换。【异】ing 分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习惯性的行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。【例】Smoking is prohibited here 这里禁止抽烟。(泛指任何人的抽烟)To smoke so much is not very good for you 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体所指)2ing 分词作表语 The real problem is getting to know the difficulties of
6、 the students 现实的问题是了解学生的困难。Her job is looking after the children 她的工作是照看孩子们。ing 分词 VS 不定式【同】ing 分词和不定式都可以作表语。【异】表示比较抽象的一般的行为时,多用 ing 分词;表示某次具体的动作或具有将来时的意义时,多用不定式【例】My job is teaching English 我的工作是教英语。My todays job is to teach you how to stud y English 我今天的任务是教你如何学英语。早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生
7、具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习 注意:ing 分词作表语时不可与进行时态相混淆。进行时态
8、说明动作是由主语完成的。ing 分词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况,试比较:He is collecting stamps 他在集邮。(现在进行时)His hobby is collecting stamps 他的爱好是集邮。(ing 分词)3ing 分词作宾语 (1)作动词宾语 必须以 ing 分词作宾语的动词有:admit(承认)appreciate(感激)avoid(避免)consider(考虑)delay(耽搁)deny(否认)endure(忍耐)enjoy(喜欢)escape(逃避)excuse(原谅)fancy(想象)finish(完成)forbid(严禁)imagine(想象)mi
9、nd(介意)miss(错过)permit(允许)postpone(推迟)practice(练习)quit(放弃)regret(后悔)report(报道)require(需要)resent(愤恨)risk(冒危险)stop(停止)suggest(建议)【例】Wed better postpone discussing it till next week 我们最好把这事推迟到下星期讨论。The girl avoided giving her any personal information 这个女孩拒绝告诉她的任何个人情况。常见的要求跟 ing 分词作宾语的动词短语 be fond of(喜欢)c
10、ant help(禁不住)cant stand(无法忍受)feel like(想要)give up(放弃)keep on(继续)insist on(坚持)put off(推迟)如:【例】She couldnt help thinking about the matter 她不由自主地要想那件事。He is fond of playing football 他喜欢踢足球。He gave up smoking on medical advice 遵从医嘱,他戒烟了。有些及物动词既可跟 ing 分词也可跟不定式作宾语,如:attempt(试图)begin(开始)cant bear(忍不住)cease
11、(停止)continue(继续)deserve(值得)hate(痛恨)intend(打算)learn(学习)like(喜欢)love(喜欢)prefer(宁愿)need(需要)早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了
12、这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习neglect(疏忽)propose(建议)start(开始)continue(继续)等。两者区别不是很大,ing 分词所表示的动作,在意义上比较一般和抽象,时间观念不强,不指某一次动作;动词不定式则常表示具体的动作,有将来时的意思。【例】The boys like playing football 这些男孩们喜欢踢足球。(经常性的动作)Would you like to play football with us
13、 this Sunday?这个周日愿意和我们一起踢球吗?(指一次的动作 在动词 need,require,want 作“需要”解时,其后须跟 ing 分词或不定式的被动语态作宾语,但这时 ing 分词的主动式表示被动的意义。如:【例】The window needs(requires,wants)cleaning(to be cleaned)这个窗户需要清洗。在 remember(记得)forget(忘记)stop(停止)mean(意味,想要)regret(懊悔)try(尝试)go on(继续)等动词后接 ing 分词与不定式区别较大。如:【例】I remember reading the b
14、ook 我记得读过这本书。(记得做过某事(已做)I must remember to read the book 我必须记得去读这本书。(记住将做某事)The old lady forgot telling us the story and told us a second time 那个老太太忘记给我们讲过这个故事,她又讲了一遍。(忘记做过某事(此事已做过)I forgot to lock the door this morning 今天早晨我忘记锁门了。(忘记要去做某事(此事未做)Though they were all tired,they wouldnt stop working 虽然
15、他们都很累了,但是他们也不肯停止工作。(停止正在或经常做的事)After walking a long time,he stopped to have a rest 走了好长时间之后,他停下来休息。(停止某事,目的是去做另一件事)Missing the train means waiting for another hour 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。(意味着)I mean to come early today 我打算今天早些来。(打算有意要)He regretted saying that to her face 早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名
16、词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习他后悔当她面说那番话。(对做过的事遗憾后悔)I regret t
17、o tell you that I wont go with you 我很遗憾地告诉你,我不能和你一起去。(对将要做的事遗憾)Why not try knocking at the back door,when nobody hears you at the front 当前门没人听见敲门时,为什么不试试敲后门。(试验,试一试某种方法)Hell try to improve his spoken English 他要设法提高他的英语口语。(努力企图做某事)They went on working after dark 天黑之后,他们继续工作。(继续(原先没有做完的事情)After finish
18、ing the letter,he went on to read a book 写完信后,他接着读书。(继而(去做另外一件事情)(2)作介词宾语【例】He is against dancing all night 他反对通宵跳舞。The college is a new type of college for training excellent students 这所大学是新型的培养优秀学生的大学。Through traveling,he became very well-informed 他通过旅游增长了许多见识。注意:下列短语中的“to”是介词,而不是不定式符号,因此后面须接 ing
19、分词形式 in addition to(除外)admit to(承认)devote oneself to(献身于)be equal to(能胜任)be familiar to(为熟悉)find ones way to(设法到达)get down to(着手做)give way to (对让步)give ones mind to(专心于)keep to(坚持)turn to(求助于)look up to(尊敬)lead to(导致)look forward to(期望)object to(反对)be opposed to(反对)pay attention to(注意)point to(指向)be
20、 reduced to(沦为)give rise to(使发生)stick to(坚持)stand up to(勇敢面对)be sentenced to(被判刑)see to(注意处理,照料)be used to(习惯于)trust to (依靠)【例】He is used to working on the night shift 他已习惯了上夜班。Were so much looking forward to seeing you again 我们非常盼望再见到你。早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课
21、文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习4ing 分词作宾语补足语 常跟 ing 分词作宾补的动词有:have(让,使)keep(使处于某状态)get(使得)s
22、ee(看见)hear(听见)find(发现)feel(感觉到)leave(使处于某状态)make(使)want(想要)start(引起)notice(注意到)observe(观察)watch(注视)set(使处于某状态)等等。如:【例】He kept the machine running for ten hours 他使机器一直运转了十个小时。We saw her entering the cinema 我们看见她进了电影院。注意:ing 分词作宾补与不定式作宾补在意义上是有差别的。前者表示动作正在发生(即处于发生的过程中,还没有结束);后者着重说明动作的全过程,表示动作发生了(即动作全过程
23、结束了)。如:I saw the girl getting on the bus 我看见她在上公共汽车。I saw the girl get on the bus 我看见她上公共汽车了。I saw him coming downstairs (=I saw that he was coming downstairs)I saw him come downstairs (=He came downstairs and I saw it)如果宾语补足语是一系列动作,要用不定式。如:I saw him enter the room,unlock a drawer,take out a documen
24、t,photograph it and put it back 我看见他进了房间,开了一个抽屉的锁,拿出一份文件,拍了照片,又把它放回。5ing 分词作定语 单独一个分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面,分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。(1)单个 ing 分词作定语 smiling faces 笑脸 a disappointing boy 一个令人失望的男孩 the girl standing at the schoo1 gate 站在校门口的那个女孩(2)现在分词表示正在进行的动作(改为定语从句时需用进行时)。【例】The man sitting at the desk(
25、=who was sitting at the desk)stood up and said“Good-bye”to me 坐在桌旁的那位男人站起来向我告别。早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的
26、读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习Tell the children playing(=who are playing)there not to make so much noise 让那些在那儿玩的孩子们别这么吵。Did you see the man talking(=who was talking)to the headmaster?和校长谈话的那个人你看见了吗?(3)现在分词表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。(改为定语从句时用一般时)【例】He live
27、s in a room facing(that faces)the south 他住在一间朝南的房间里。The building standing(=that stands)at the corner of the street was built in 1986 大街拐角地方的那座大楼是 1986 年修建的。注意:以下情况一般不宜用现在分词短语作定语,即下列句中的定语从句就不能改为现在分词短语。Those who have finished their homework can go home now 做完作业的人可以回家。Is there anyone who can answer thi
28、s question?有谁能回答这个问题吗?This is the man who has written three books 这就是写了三本书的那个人。6ing 分词状语,ing 分词作状语其逻辑主语必须是句子主语。(1)作时间状语(=时间状语从句)Entering the classroom(=When I entered the classroom),I heard the students reading English aloud 走进教室,我听见学生朗读英语。Having closed the windows(=After he had closed the window),h
29、e went out of the classroom 关上窗后,他走出教室。While crossing the street(=While you cross the street),you must be careful 当你横过马路时,一定要小心。(2)作原因状语(=原因状语从句)Not knowing what to do(=As she did not know what to do),she went to the teacher for help 不知道该干什么,她去找老师帮忙。Being a young man(=As he is a young man),he is alw
30、ays ready to help others 作为青年人,他总是乐意帮助别人。(3)作条件状语(=条件状语从句)早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主
31、语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习Working hard(=If you work hard),you will succeed 努力工作,你就会成功。Being ill(=Because he was ill),he didnt go to school yesterday 他由于病了,昨天就没去上学。(4)作让步状语(=让步状语从句)Admitting what you said,I still think that you made a mistake(=Although I admitted wh
32、at you said,)尽管我承认你所说的话,我仍然认为你犯了错误。(5)作伴随状语,和谓语动词的动作同时发生,用以补充说明主语正在进行的另一动作,这种分词短语不能用状语从句代替,但可以改成并列谓语。The English teacher stood in front of the blackboard,teaching us English(=The English teacher stood in front of the blackboard and taught us English)英语老师站在黑板前教我们英语。He stood at the school gate waiting
33、(=and waited)for the teacher 他站在校门口等教师。Tom fell off the bike,cutting(=and cut)his leg 汤姆从自行车上摔下,划破了腿。(6)有些表示说话人态度的分词结构已成为固定用语,不遵循其逻辑主语与句子主语一致的原则。Judging from the report,the damage was not serious 从这份报告判断,损失不是很严重。Generally speaking,the living costs are usually high in cities 一般说来,生活费用在城市通常很高。Talking
34、of the world resources,they are very limited 谈到世界资源,它们是非常有限的。三、分词的否定形式 ing 分词的否定形式由“not”+ing 分词构成。如:Not knowing where to go,she went to the police for help Not having heard from his son for a long time,she wrote another letter to him 四、【高考演练】1(2012 西城期末 26)In 2010,Forbes listed Mickey Mouse as the w
35、orld s most valuable cartoon character,_$58billion a year in sales worldwide Amasw Bto make Cmakes Dmaking 2(2012 西城期末 28)No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless_very young 早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速
36、地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习Ahaving trained Btrained C to be trained Dbeing Trained 3(2012 西城期末 32)What will today s talk be ab
37、out?-In the lecture_,the professor will tell us something about modern English usage Afollowing Bfollowed Cto follow Dto be followed 4(2012 西城一模 23)23Many things such as going abroad and owning a car,_ impossible in the past,are now very common Abeing considered Bto be considered Cconsidering Dconsi
38、dered 5(2012 西城一模27)27 The tea house situated near platform 6 is now offering free cups of tea to those _ for the Xian train Awaiting Bwait Cto wait Dwaited 6(2012西城二模24)24_ power,turn off the hot water after you are done showering A Save B Saving C Saved D To save 7(2012 西城二模 29)29 A person,when _,
39、can often do what is normally beyond his ability A challenged B challenges C challenging D to challenge 8(2012西城二模31)31 _ this advertisement several times,I decided to apply for the marketing manager position A Read B Reading C To read D Having read 9(2012 海淀期末26)Chinadailycomcn is the largest Engli
40、sh portal site in China,_news,business information and learning materials Ato provide Bproviding Cprovided Dprovide 10(2012 海淀期末 31)Napoleon is famously said _,”When China wakes,it will shake the world”Ato declare Bdeclaring Cto have declared Dhaving declared 11(2012 海淀期末 33)I had a busy and tiring
41、weekend because _the house for the Christmas cose me the whole morning Adecorating Bto decorate Cdecorated Ddecorate 12(2012 海淀一模 26)26 Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when _ on the Internet by millions of people A to read B reading C read D being read 13(2012 海淀一模 34)34 _ the hou
42、sing price,several measures have been adopted in the last two years 早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于
43、二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习 A Lowering B Having lowered C To lower D To have lowered 14(2012 海淀二模 23)23 The average Facebook user in the United States has 245 friends,according to a study _ in February A publishing B published C publish D to publish 15(201
44、2 海淀二模 28)28 She came to Beijing on April 28,_ Maydays concert in the Birds Nest A to expect B expecting C expected D expect 16(2007 北京高考 28)28-Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?-Just a minute Ill have Bob _you to your room Ashow Bshows C to show D showing 17(2008 北京高考 24)24 _ that she was going off t
45、o sleep,I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed A Seeing B To see C See D Seen 18(2008 北京高考 31)31 Did the book give the information you needed?Yes But _ it,I had to read the entire book A to find B find C to finding D finding 19(2008 北京高考 32)32 I feel greatly honored _ into their society A
46、to welcome B welcoming C to be welcomed D welcomed 20(2008 北京高考 35)35 It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and _ better ones of your own A introduces B to introduce C introducing D introduced 21(2009 北京高考 34)34 The topic,we devoted a full discussion,is to be presented to o
47、ur teacher at class Awhich Bwhere Cto which Dfor which 22(2009 北京高考 28)28The flowers sweet in the garden attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature Asmell Bsmelt Csmelling Dto be smelt 23(2009北京高考24)24 With the speedup of the railway,now you can get to your destination by train Afast Bfaster Cfa
48、stest Dthe fastest 24(2010 北京高考 25)25 Im calling to enquire about the position in yesterdays China Daily A advertised B to be advertised C advertising D having advertised 早于谓动分词的时态分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生具有名词特点时多指作宾语时则没有时间先后的意味例他坐在那里读课文和同时发生完全被名词化了作宾语我喜欢打篮球我坚持去那儿完全被名词化了作宾语速地做完作业完成作业早于因为在北京住了多年所以她对这个城
49、市很熟悉早于分词的语态一般式的被动语态表示一个被动的正在进行的或者是与谓语动作同时的动作正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆和是动宾关系且说话时正在进行正道怎么做被译成汉语了这本书就能有更多的读者了和是被动的且早于二分词的用法分词作主语百闻不如一见在夏天游泳是最好的锻炼方式分词不定式同分词和不定式都可以作主语一般可以互换异分词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的习25(2010 北京高考 21)21 at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes A Looking B Look C To look D Looked 26(2011
50、 北京高考 33)33 Sit down,Emma You will only make yourself more tired,on you feet Ato keep Bkeeping Chaving kept Dto have kept 27(2011 北京高考 25)25Its important for the figures regularly Ato be updated Bto have been updated Cto update Dto have updated 28(2012 北京高考 27)27 _ with care,one tin will last for si