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1、一、代词知识精讲人称代词 主格： I you he,she,it we you they 人称代词 宾格： me you him, her, it us you them 物主代词 形容词性： my your his, her, its our your their 物主代词 名词性： mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs 反身代词： myself yourself himself herself, itself ourselves yourselves them-selves 指示代词 this, that these, those 相互代词
2、 宾格 each other, one another 相互代词 所有格 each others, one anothers 不定代词 可数 each, one, many,(a)few,both,another, either, neither 不定代词不可数 much,(a) little 不定代词可数、不可数 all, some, none, such, any, other 疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what 连接代词 who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ever),which(ever),what(ever) 关系代词 who, whom,
3、 whose, which, that, asKate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of theirs. -Is your camera like Bills and Anis? -No, but its almost the same as yours.Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it themselves二、it的用法是中考考常考考点。1.it代指前面提到过的人或事物。Someone is knocking at the door
4、, who is it? He has lost his car but he cant find it.The Parkers bought a new house but B will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C. one D.which 2.指时间、距离、天气、环境等。It is ten minuteswalk. It is raining hard.3.用作引导词,代替动名词、不定式或that从句在句中作主语、宾语等。形式主语:lt is very kind of you to help me. lt
5、 is no use crying for split milk.it takes me two hours to finish the work.It is reported / said / thought / suggested that .形式宾语：当复合宾语中的宾语为动名词、不定式或宾语从句时,常将宾语置宾补后,而用it作形式宾语。We found it no use quarrelling with her.Mary thought it very important to read English aloud. She made it known that he had beat
6、en her before.三、部分不定代词的区别也是高考考查的重点。l.it,one, that, onesit:替代特定的同一事物，可代指不可数名词或可数名词单数,复数为they(主格)/them(宾格); one:替代一个不确定的泛指的人或物,只代指可数名词单数,复数为ones;that:代指特定的，但不是同一的事物，可代指不可数名词或单数可数名词,复数为those。比较:Peter lost his English book but he found it.He was looking forward to a bike and he now has one. The weather
7、in Beijing is colder than that in Wuhan.One of the most important questions they had to consider was that of public health. -Why dont we take a litte break? -Didnt we just have C ?A. it B. that C.one D.this 2.some, any, oneany常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,some多用于具有肯定意义的句中。 There are some books on the table. Th
8、ere arent any pens.some也可用于说话人期待肯定回答或语气婉转的场合;any意为“任何”时可用于肯定句.后接单数或复数名词。Would you like some tea? Any student can do it.one 可泛指任何人,可置形容词或the,that,this等词之后代指刚提到的可数名词,复数为ones,物主代词为ones,反身代词为oneself。The book is not the one Im looking for. One should respect oneself. -When shall we meet again?-Make it B
9、day you like; its all the same to me.A.one B.any C.another D. some-Sarah has read lots of stores by American writers-Now she would like to read_ stories by writers from C countries.A.some;any B.other; some C. some; other D.other, other 3.the others, the other, other. others, anotherthe others其余的人或物”
10、,指一定范围内的所有其余部分。others”另外的人或事物，其他的人或事物指没有明确特指的别的人或物。This book is better than the others.We should not think of ourselves but more of others.the other接单数名词意为“两个中的另一个”,接复数名词,表示”一定范围内的另外一些人/物。He has a hat in one hand and a flower in the other Can you visit the other farms besides this?another“其它,别的指不定数目
11、(超过两个)中的另一个。 This hat is too small. Show me anotherother 不单独使用,后需接单数或复数名词,表示无范围的“另外的,别的;此外other 和 another 还可与数词连用注意词序不同。another+数词+复数名词;数词+other+复数名词Tommy is going camping with two other little boys.lf you want to change for a double room youll have to pay A_$15.A.another B.other C.more D.each 4.eit
12、her, neither, both, none, allall 可代指或修饰可数名词(三个或以上)或不可数名词;both 指两个人或物;either 指两者中的任何一个;neither指两者中任何一个都不;none可代指可数名词(三个或以上)或不可数名词，意思是“一个也没有;一点也没有”。We couldnt eat in a restaurant because C of us had _ money on us.A.all; no B.any; no C.none; any D. no one: any -Shall I sit at this end of the boat or th
13、e other end? -lf you keep still. you can sit at Cend.A. neither B.each C.either D.any 四、人称代词作表语或孤立地在不带谓语的句中作主语，习惯上用宾格。1.-Who told her the news? -Me.2. What could I do? Me,a helpless girl.3.-Whos knocking at the door? -It is me.4.-Go and tell Mary to write an article for the paper? -WhyB?Iean do it b
14、etter than her.A.She B.her C.I D.me 三、巩固精练（）1. of them knew the plan because it was kept a secret.A. Each B.Any C. No one D.None（） 2. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of_.A.their B.theirs C.her D.hers （）3.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because_ of us had_ money on usA.all; no B.any;
15、no C.none; any D.no one: any （）4.Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except_ who had already taken them.A. the ones B.ones C.some D.the others （）5.-Ishere?-No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody （）6.I was disappointed with the film. I had expected_ t
16、o be much better.A.that B.this C.one D.it （）7.-Is your camera like Bills and Anns?-No,but its almost the same asA.her B.yours C.them D.their （）8.They were all very tired,but_ of them would stop to take a rest.A.any B.yours C.none D. neither ( ) 9.1 hope there are enough glasses for each guest to hav
17、e_.A.it B.those C.them D.one ( )10.-When shall we meet again?-Make it_day you like; its all the same to me.A.one B.any C.another D. some （）11.Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it_A.themselves B. oneself C.itself D. himself ( )12.It is generally considered unwise to give
18、 a child_he or she want.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever ( )13.1 agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree withA.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing （）14.Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read_ storiesby writers fromcountries.A.some
19、;any B.other; some C. some; other D.other; other （）15.-Can you come on Monday or on Tuesday?-Im afraid_ day is possible.A.either B.neither C.some D.any （）16.Dr Black eomes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I cant rememberA.where B. there C.which D.that （）17.-Are the new rules working?-Yes._books are s
20、tolen.A.Few B. More C.Some D.None （）18.Few pleasures can equal_ of a cool drink on a hot day.A.some B.any C.that D.these ( )19.If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_ $15.A.another B.other C. more D.each ( )20.-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have?A. it B.that C.one
21、 D.this( )21. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about_?D. the restA.another B. the other C.others （）22.-Youre always working. Come on, let go shopping.you ever want to do is going shopping.A. Anything B.Something C.AII D.That was able to present( )23. John and Bill both applied (申请) for the vac
22、ant (空缺)position.excellent references.A. One B.Each C.Neither D.Any （）24. The mother didnt know to blame for the broken glass as i happened while she wasout.A.who B.when C.how D.what （）25.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable momentI will always treasure.A.that B.one C.it D.wha
23、t（）26.-Theres coffee and tea; you can have_A. either -Thanks. B.each C.one D.it ( )27.-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.A.him -Why_?John is sitting there doing nothing. B.he C.I D.me ( )28. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for two weeks.A.another B.other
24、 C. the other D.others （）29. There at the door stood a girl about the same height_A. as me B.as mine C.with mine D.with me （）30.Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are_.A.him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers （）31.Theres_cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to
25、 the corner store and get_?A.little; some B.little; any C.a little; some D.a little; any ( )32.I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but_ of them came.A.neither B.either C.none D.both ( )33. lt is easy to do the repair._ you need is a hammer and some nails.A.Something B.AIl C.Both D.Everything ( )34.I
26、had to buy _these books because I didnt know which one was the best.A.both B.none C.neither D.all ( )35.-Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?_way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D. Either ( )36. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for A. none B.either C.
27、any D.each （）37.I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_.A.anyone B.anyone else C.no one D. no one else ( )38.Playing tricks on others is_ we should never do.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing （）39.I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _ in two days?A.
28、 the rest B. the other C.another D. the others ( )40. 1 got the story from Tom and_._ people who had worked with him.A. every other B. many others C. some other D.other than 四、测试习题()1.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the localA.then governments to incr
29、ease B.those C.it D.that A.it() 2. We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place. B.this C.that D.one()3.Why dont you bring _to his attention that youre too ill to work on? A. that B.it C. his D.him ()4.I got this bicycle for_My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A.everything B.s
30、omething C.anything D. nothing ()5.-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? _one?A.Other B.Every C. Another D.More ()6.There is_in his words. We should have a try. A.something B.anything C. nothing D.everything ()7.-Would you like tea or coffee? thank you. Ive just had some water
31、.A. Either B.Both C.Any D.Neither ()8.Iknow that_ would ever discourage him he would never give up to be a director.A.something B.anything C. everything D. nothing ()9.Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_almost anovercoat for her. A.them B.her C.itself D.herself ( )10
32、.The two girls are so alike that the strangers find_ difficult to tell from one to theother.A.it B.them C. her D.that ( )11.-Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. -What do you think of_over there?A.the one B.this C.it D.that ()12. We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choo
33、se _ based on yourown interests. A. either B.each C.one D.it五、巩固精练答案1D根据该句的后半句可知，此处应选D。句意:他们没有一个人知道这个计划,因为这是个秘密。2.B根据题意可知这里应该用their的名词性物主代词形式 theirs。故选B。3.C根据该句中的前半句可推知C选项正确。句意:我们不能在饭店里吃饭，因为我们身上都没有带钱。4.A“the ones”指代那些已经有课本的学生。5.B表示“大家都到了吗?”应该用every-body。故选B。6.Dit 替代特定的同一事物(the film);that 代指特定的事物，但不是
34、同一事物;one 替代一个不确定的泛指的人或物。7.B 根据语境可知只有B选项最符合题意。8.C句意:他们都很累了,但是没有人打算停下来休息。根据句中all和but可知C选项正确。9.D 此处的 one 指代前文提到的“gla-sses”。10.B根据后文的“its all the same to me”可知此处选B。11. A这里是两者之间的比较。根据题意可知选A。12. B句意:人们普遍认为,孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。 13. 13.A从前文中的most of what you said”可推知选A. 14.C句意:Sarah已经读了很多美国作家写的敌事现在她打算读一些其它国家的作者的
35、书籍，other一般不单独使用,后面常接单数或复数名词，表示无范围的“另外的、别的”15.Bneither表示两者中的任何一个都不。根据题意可知选 B。16.C根据前文的“either Oxford orCam-bridge”可知此处是在两者之间选择，故选which。17.A句意:-新规则管用吗?-是的，几乎没有书再被偷了。故选A。18.C19.Aanother和other都可以与数词连用，但位置不同:another+数词+复数名词;数词+other+复数名词20.C此处one指代前文提到的take a little break”。21.Danother指不定数目(超过两个)中的另一个，例如:
36、He is better than another.他比其他人更好。 the other表示“两个中的另一个”例如:She hasa pen in one hand and a ruler in the other. 她一只手拿钢笔，另一只手拿尺子。others =other+名词复数形式，wheat是不可数名词，故不能用oth- ers;the rest意思是“余下的,剩下的”根据题意可知,D选项正确。22.C题意是“-你总是工作。走，让我们去购物吧。一你就只想着购物。”故选C。23.Beach强调个体，表示“各自,每一个”根据题意可知选B。24.A指代人应该用who。故选A。25.Bone
37、指代前文提到的遇到叔叔这件事26.Aeither指两者中的任何一个，前文提到coflee和tea,所以是在两者之间选择。故选A。27.D根据语境可知D选项正确,“Whyme?”意思是“为什么是我?”28.A本题考查“another+数词+复数名词”结构。another two weeks 意思是“又待了两周”29. Bthe same . as .意思是“和一样”30.B本题考查名词性物主代词。故选B。31.Alittle“几乎没有”;alittle“一些”;any一般用于否定句和疑问句;some一般用于肯定句和表示请求建议的疑问句中。32.Aneither表示两者中的任何一个都不。根据题意可
38、知选A.33.B句意:修理很简单,你所需要的仅仅是一把锤子和一些钉子根据语境可知B选项正确。34.Dall代指或修饰可数名词(三个或三个以上)或不可数名词。35.Cany用于肯定句中,意为“任何”,后接单数或复数名词36.C句意:我们有三套园艺工具，但似乎还没用一套。“have no use”表达了否定意义，故排除A。项;“either”表示两个中的一个;“any表示三个或三个以上中的任何一个;“each”指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”。故选C37.B句意:我将永远不知道他当时在想什么，别人也一样。nor表示否定,指三者或三者以上都不。38.B句意:捉弄人的事情我们永远都不应该做。39
39、.A句意:我已经完成了大部分工作，你可以在两天内完成剩下的吗?故选A。40.C六、测试习题答案1. C考察代词。it用来指代前面提到的具体的事情。2. 2A句意:我们觉得使我们国家成为一个更好的地方是我们的责任。四个选项均为代词。lt在此处作形式宾语，指代后面的动词不定式短语to make our country a better place,语法结构正确: this 指代下文将要涉及的内容，而that往往指代上文提到的内容;one作代词,指代同类同物。3.B本题考查it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正宾语的用法4.D考查不定代词,nothing的意思是“没有花任何费用”。5.C考查不
40、定代词。根据句意可知所填词意思是:另一,再一,位于数次之前用another。other:其他的,其余的;every:每一个;more:更多的,都与句意不符。6.A考查不定代词。something有用的、重要的东西:anything任何东西;nothing没有任何东西;ev- erything所有的东西。句意为:他说的话中有一些有用的东西,我们可以试一下。7.D根据下文可知两者都不要了。8.D本题考查不定代词的用法。句意:我知道没有什么会让他丧失信心，他永远不会放弃成为导演这个目标。由句意可知道答案。9.C这道题考生容易误选成D但是从句义判断、是长长的头发形成了一个外套，而不是她自己本身。从句尾
41、的forher 中也可以判断。10.A那两个女孩长得很像，外人很难区分她们两个it在此处做形式宾语，指代不定式totell one from the other. 故答案A。11.D考查代词。that一般指代里说话人在时间或空间上比较远的东西或事情12.C本题是对代词的考察,either当全体中只包含两个。要表示其中的任何一个须用either,通常构成either.or.;each表示全体中的每个,通常包含两个或两个以上的人或物,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语,each 只是指“每个,却以“各”为主;one代表泛指的单数可数名词,it表特指的单数名词，表示同一事物时可以用it，但是表示同一类事物时用that或the one。从 various 许多的一词可以排除 A,D，并且从句意根据你的兴趣选择一个，而不是每一个，排除each。