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1、The passive voice （被动语态）1、 定义： 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。2、 构成： “be+及物动词的过去分词”（be 有人称、时态和数的变化）。其中be动词体现时态，过去分词done体现被动。3、 主动语态转换成被动语态的步骤（五步）： 1. 先找出谓语动词或动词短语； 2. 再找出谓语动词或动词短语后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语，如为人称代词则要改为主格； 4. 谓语部分用“be+及物动词的过去分词”的结构，注意be的人称，时态和数的变化； 5. 如有必要，在主
2、语前加上介词by置于谓语部分后，如为人称代词则要改为宾格。 例：Bruce writes a letter every week - A letter is written by Bruce every week.汉语中有的被动句的形式标记不是“被”字，而是“让”、“给”、“叫”、“受”、“遭”、 “ 为所”、“挨”、 “由”、 “使”、“把”、“得到”、 “获”、 “予以”、“加以”、“经过”、等。那只狗叫他们给杀了。 The dog was killed by them. 小偷让警察抓去了。 The thief was captured by a policeman. 鞋子给扔了。 The
3、 shoes have been thrown away. 他遭了父亲一顿打。 He was beaten by his father. 我们为那部电影所感动。 We were moved by that film. 许多房屋在地震中遭到了破坏。A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake. 我所有的积蓄都给偷走了。All the money I had saved was stolen. 庄稼让洪水冲毁了。The crops were washed away by the flood. 四、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行
4、者时。 The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。 2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。 The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washe
5、d away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用It is + 过去分词.句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.) 大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的It is + 过去分词+ that句型还有：It is reported that 据报道 It is suggested that 有人建议五、不同时态的被动语态 1.一般现在时：am ( is, are ) +
6、done.主动语态：We clean the classroom.（我们打扫教室。）被动语态：The classroom is cleaned by us.（教室被我们打扫。）2.一般过去时：was ( were ) + done主动语态：We cleaned the classroom last night.（我们昨晚打扫了教室。）被动语态：The classroom was cleaned by us last night. （昨晚教室被我们打扫了。）3.一般将来时：will ( shall / be going to ) be + done主动语态：We will clean the c
7、lassroom tomorrow.（我们明天将打扫教室。）被动语态：The classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow.（明天教室将被我们打扫。）4.现在进行时：am ( is, are ) being + done主动语态：We are cleaning the classroom.( 我们正在打扫教室。)被动语态：The classroom is being cleaned by us. ( 教室正被我们打扫。)5.现在完成时：have ( has ) been + done主动语态：We have cleaned the classroom.( 我
8、们已经打扫了教室。)被动语态：The classroom has been cleaned by us. ( 教室已经被我们打扫了。)6. 过去进行时：was/were being +done主动语态：We were cleaning the classroom at that time.（那个时候我们正在打扫教室。）被动语态：The classroom was being cleaned by us at that time. （ 那个时候教室正被我们打扫。）7. 带情态动词的被动语态：must ( can, may, should, need, would ) be + done主动语态：
9、We must clean the classroom. ( 我们必须打扫教室。)被动语态：The classroom must be cleaned by us.( 教室必须被我们打扫。)六、被动语态的否定句和疑问句。(1) 被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如： The song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。 (2) 被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如： Is Chinese used only in China? 汉语只在中国使用吗？ Are these computers made in the USA? 这些电脑是美国制造的吗？
10、 Yes, they are. 是的。 No, they arent. 不，不是的。课堂练习( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visitedD. was visited ( )3. The boy _ to get supper ready after
11、school. A. were told B. is telling C. was told D. tells( )4. A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China. A. must B. must be C. has D. have ( )5. His car _tomorrow. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired ( )6. No permission(允许) has _ for anybody to enter the
12、 building. A. been given B. gave C. given D. be give( )7.- Your coat looks nice. Is it _ wool? -Yes, it is_ USA. A. made of; make by B. made of; made in C. made for; made in D. made from; made by( )8. Computers are useful. For example, they can _ sending e-mail. A. use for B. be used of C. be used f
13、or D. use of( )9. A sweater is used for _. A. keeping warm B. keep warm C. to keep warm D. keeps warm( )10. All these fields _ with water in three years. A cover B. are covered C. will be covered D. will cover( )11. The news was sent to China _ Japan _ satellite. A. in; of B. of; in C. from; by D. b
14、y; from ( )12. I wonder if it is worth _. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read ( )13. Your composition has to _ before 10 oclock. A. finish B. be finished C. is finished D. was finished( )14. If he_ enough time, he will come up with an idea. A. gives B. will give C. is given D. will be
15、given ( )15. The problem will _ as soon as he comes. A. worked out B. worked C. be worked D. be worked out( )16. A new film is going to _ this Sun. A. show B. showing C. be shown D. be showing ( )17. This dictionary mustnt_ from the library. A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken a
16、way 家庭作业一、单项选择。( )1 A lot of trees _ in the country every year.A. was cut down B. cut down C. are cut down D. will cut down( )2 Did you go to Sams weekend party? No, I _.A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite( )3 The letter _ in French. I cant read it. A. writes B. wrot
17、e C. is writing D. is written( )4 Look, the young trees _ by some old people.A. are planting B. are planted C. are been plant D. are being planted( )5 Today Chinese _ by more and more people around the world.A. is spoken B. was spoken C. spoke D. speaks( )6 Computers are very important today. Yes, t
18、hey _ a lot in our daily life.A. are used B. were using C. were used D. are using( )7 It is said that about 400 cars _ in the factory next month.A. were produced B. will produce C. are produced D. will be produced( )8 I wasnt at home yesterday. I _ to help my uncle on the farm.A. asked B. was asked
19、C. was asking D. had asked( )9 This painting _ to a museum in New York in 1977.A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. is sold( )10 The tall building _ five years ago, but it still looks quite new.A. was built B. must be built C. is built D. built( )11 The window _ ten minutes ago, and the room is bright no
20、w.A. is cleaning B. can be cleaned C. will be cleaned D. was cleaned( )12 The brown desk _ of wood.A. is making B. is made C. make D. makes( )13 We _ to close the windows before we left the lab. A. are told B. tell C. were told D. told( )14 A talk on developments in science and technology _ in the s
21、chool hall next week.A. will be given B. is giving C. has been given D. gives( )15 The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.A. will be invented B. are invented C. is invented D. was invented 二、完成句子。1. 卧室昨天打扫过了。The bedroom _ _ yesterday. 2. 这只猫每天喂食两次。The cat _ _ twice every day. 3. 上周有人看到他在超市
22、里。He _ _ in a supermarket last week. 4. 这种纸被用来做邮票。This kind of paper _ _ for making stamps. 5. 这个问题明天讨论。This problem _ _ _ tomorrow. 6. 已经买了好多水果和零食。A lot of fruit and snacks _ _ _.7. 已经教了学生们3首英文歌。Three English songs _ _ _ to the students. 8. 这个消息已在电视上报道过了。The news _ _ _ on TV. 9. 我第一次得到语文老师的鼓励。I _ _
23、 _ by my Chinese teacher for the first time. 10. 这个问题已被提及多次。This problem _ _ _ many times. 11. 你的卧室必须马上打扫干净。Your bedroom _ _ _ right now. 12. 这项工作可以下周完成。The work _ _ _ next week. 13. 这些电脑只可以在电脑室使用。These computers _ _ _ only in the computer room.14. 不应该砍伐树木。The trees _ _ cut down. 15. 禁止带宠物入内。Pets _ _ _ into the building.