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1、Grammar&Usage(I)Verb-ing forms as subjects and objectsUnit 2 The universal languageTheir stories can remind you of the phrase“bosom friend”.知己知己In Chinas Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,there lived a man named Boya,who was a master of the qin.Playing the qin was his life.He played so we
2、ll that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.However,Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Ziqi.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.When B
3、oya continued playing,Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.In fact,Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.P20A Exploring the rulesHaving someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhon
4、g Ziqi.The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways,they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autumn Festival the next year.However,Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day.When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death,he was overcome with sorrow.He played High Mountains and Flowing Water
5、in front of Zhong Ziqis grave.After he finished playing the piece,he destroyed the qin and said,“Since the only person that understands my music is gone,its no use keeping the qin.”A Exploring the rulesP20 Lead-inWhenWhenI In n Chinas(1)_Chinas(1)_WhoWhoBoya,(2)_Boya,(2)_Zhong Ziqi,Boyas audience an
6、d friendZhong Ziqi,Boyas audience and friendWhat What happenedhappenedBoya played the Boya played the qinqin very well,but he believed no one could very well,but he believed no one could (3)_ until he met Zhong Ziqi.(3)_ until he met Zhong Ziqi.Zhong was able to recognize the image in Boyas piece of
7、 Zhong was able to recognize the image in Boyas piece of music:(4)_.music:(4)_.They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.(5)_ because Zhong Ziqi,the only(5)_ because Zhong Ziqi,the only person that could understand his music
8、 was gone.person that could understand his music was gone.Spring and Autumn and Warring States periodSpring and Autumn and Warring States perioda master of the a master of the qinqinunderstand his musicunderstand his musicHigh Mountains and Flowing WaterHigh Mountains and Flowing WaterBoya destroyed
9、 his Boya destroyed his qinqinIn Chinas Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,there lived a man named Boya,who was a master of the qin.Playing the qin was his life.He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.However,Boya believed no one
10、could understand his music until he met Zhong Ziqi.Boya did not say anything before playing the qin,yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind.When Boya continued playing,Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.In fact,Boya had intended
11、to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water.A Exploring the rulesP20Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways,they agreed to meet at the Mid-Autum
12、n Festival the next year.However,Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day.When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death,he was overcome with sorrow.He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqis grave.After he finished playing the piece,he destroyed the qin and said,“Since the only pe
13、rson that understands my music is gone,its no use keeping the qin.”悲痛欲绝，不胜悲哀悲痛欲绝，不胜悲哀悲痛欲绝，不胜悲哀悲痛欲绝，不胜悲哀A Exploring the rulesP20Go through the story on page 20 again and find the sentences that use verb-ing forms as subjects or objects and fill in the table below.The first ones have been done for you
14、.A Exploring the rules Verb-ing Verb-ing forms as forms as subjectssubjectsPlayingPlaying the qin was his life.the qin was his life.HavingHaving someone that really understood his music pleased someone that really understood his music pleased Boya,Boya,its no use,its no use keepingkeeping the the qi
15、nqin.Verb-ing Verb-ing forms as forms as objectsobjects everyone enjoyed everyone enjoyed listeninglistening Boya did not say anything before Boya did not say anything before playingplaying the qin,the qin,When Boya continued When Boya continued playingplaying,who never got tired of,who never got ti
16、red of sharingsharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.his music with Zhong Ziqi.before before goinggoing their separate ways,their separate ways,After he finishedAfter he finished playingplaying the piece,the piece,A Exploring the rulesWorking out the rulesWhen the verb-ing form is used as the subject of
17、a sentence,we can sometimes use the preparatory subject(1)at the beginning of the sentence.The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a (2)or a(3).verbitprepositionWork in pairs.Identify what verb-ing forms are used as in the following sentences.Answering my emails takes all morning.Losing
18、a close game is always depressing.I love learning about country music.He is fond of reading novels.as the subject as the subject as the objectas the objectWorking out the rulesGo through the notes on page 94.Working out the rules概念概念动词-ing形式是形式是动词的一种非的一种非谓语形式，包括形式，包括现在分在分词和和动名名词两种。两种。一一.动词-ing形式的形式的
19、时态和和语态_(wait)for his girlfriend,he walked around in a mysterious way._(wait)for his girlfriend for several hours,he finished a fantastic handicraft.WaitingHaving waited二、二、动词-ing形式作主形式作主语1.动词-ing形式直接作主形式直接作主语表示抽象的概念，表示抽象的概念，通常直接置于通常直接置于句首句首，谓语动词用用单数数形式。形式。e.g.Reading aloud is a good way in learning
20、a language.朗朗读是学是学习语言的一个好言的一个好办法。法。Getting up early is a good habit.早起是一种好早起是一种好习惯。2.置于置于句末句末，用，用it作形式主作形式主语，多，多见于下面几个句型于下面几个句型:It is worth doing.做做.是是值得的得的It +be+a waste of time doing.做做.是浪是浪费时间的的It is/was no good/use doing.做做.是没有用的是没有用的e.g.It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.谈论
21、这些没用的事情是在浪些没用的事情是在浪费时间。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水覆水难收。收。三、三、动词-ing形式作形式作宾语的用法的用法1.有些有些动词和和动词短短语后常用后常用动词-ing形式作形式作宾语。如。如:admit,appreciate,avoid,stand(忍受忍受),miss,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,imagine,escape,excuse,suggest,feel like,finish,forgive,mention,mind,practise,get down to,give up,de
22、vote.to,insist on,keep(on),look forward to,pay attention to,put off,stick to,be accustomed/used to(习惯于于)2.在在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟后直接跟动词-ing形式作形式作宾语，如果有名如果有名词或代或代词作作宾语，则构成构成allow/advise/forbid/permit +e.g.They advise solving the problem in this way.他他们建建议用用这种方法解决种方法解决这个个问题。We dont allow anyb
23、ody to smoke here.我我们不允不允许任何人在任何人在这儿吸烟。儿吸烟。sb.to do.doing3.动词need，require，want意意为“需要需要”时，后跟，后跟动词-ing形式形式的主的主动式或不定式的被式或不定式的被动式作式作宾语，意，意义没有区没有区别。need/require/want doing=need/require/want to be done.e.g.The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.窗窗户需要擦了。需要擦了。4.在在begin,start,continue,intend后
24、用后用动词-ing形式和用不定式作形式和用不定式作宾语均可，意均可，意义没有多大区没有多大区别。begin/start/continue/intend to do/doing.5.有些有些动词，后接，后接动词-ing形式作形式作宾语，与用，与用动词不定式作不定式作宾语意意义大相径庭。大相径庭。mean to do sth.打算打算/意欲做意欲做.mean doing sth.意味着意味着.forget to do sth.忘忘记去做去做forget doing sth.忘忘记曾曾经做做过.go on to do sth.完成某事后完成某事后继续做另一件事做另一件事go on doing sth
25、.继续做原来的事做原来的事四、四、动词-ing形式的否定形式形式的否定形式动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有有逻辑主主语时not应放在放在逻辑主主语和和动词-ing形式之形式之间。e.g.You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having done his homework.他因未完成作他因未完成作业而受到而受到惩罚。动词-ing形式形式作主作主语和和宾语作主作主语作作宾语表示表示一种一种习惯、概念或、概念或经验用用it作形式主作形式主语及其
26、常用句式形式及其常用句式形式常用常用动词-ing形式作形式作宾语的的动词(短短语)后接不定式和后接不定式和动词-ing形式意形式意义不同不同的的动词(短短语)RevisionB1 Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks.P21 1.Listen to music is my favourite thing to do.2.I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians.3.Its no use try to play the violin if your
27、e not going to give it your best shot.4.Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar?5.These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music.ListeningreadingtryingteachingplayingApplying the rulesB2 Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.If you have t
28、o choose music from the Earth to send into space,what music do you think is capable of(1)_(represent)mankind?The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question.In 1977,two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out(2)_(explore)the solar system.On both spacecraft,there is a sele
29、ction of music from our planet.(3)_(send)music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan,who believed intelligent life existed on other planets.The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space(if there is any).A group of scientists and artists
30、got down to(4)_(choose)suitable music.representingto exploreSendingchoosingApplying the rulesOf course,they had trouble(5)_(select)which pieces of music to include.In the end,27 different pieces of music(6)_(last)90 minutes were put on the spacecraft.China is represented by a recording of Guan Pingh
31、u(7)_(play)an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin.It is said that Boya wrote it.It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft(8)_(enter)the space between the stars.We do not know what will happen in the end,but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a di
32、stant planet.selectinglastingplayingto enterApplying the rulesPracticeFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs below.(p64)repair volunteer go be see change recognize watch protest come1._ offers us a chance to help those in need._ offers us a chance to help those in need.2.We all think
33、 the sofa is perfect but he is considering _it.We all think the sofa is perfect but he is considering _it.3.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim?Its quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim?4.Theres no use _.I wont change my mind.Theres no use _.I wont change my mind.5._ kind and u
34、nderstanding is an important aspect _ kind and understanding is an important aspect of eof effectiveffective munication.6.What I have to do now is _ my computer.6.What I have to do now is _ my computer.VolunteeringchanginggoingprotestingBeing/To be(to)repair7.I know ball games are good for health,bu
35、t I prefer 7.I know ball games are good for health,but I prefer _ football football to to playing it.playing it.8.8._ as different from other kids when I was very young _ as different from other kids when I was very young had an had an effect on my later life.effect on my later life.9.We are going t
36、o have a party at the weekend to celebrate 9.We are going to have a party at the weekend to celebrate NewNew Year Year and we and we are looking forward to your _.are looking forward to your _.10.Many famous people wear sunglasses so that they can go to 10.Many famous people wear sunglasses so that
37、they can go to public public places places without _.without _.watchingBeing seenFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs below.(p64)repair volunteer go be see change recognize watch protest comecomingbeing recognizedPractice一、用正确的分词形式完成句子一、用正确的分词形式完成句子1.Would you mind _(turn)down your
38、 radio a little,please?1.Would you mind _(turn)down your radio a little,please?2._(make)friends plays an important part in our life.2._(make)friends plays an important part in our life.3.It is no use _(talk)with a person like him.3.It is no use _(talk)with a person like him.4.Yesterday,I had difficu
39、lty/trouble in _(hunt)for some important 4.Yesterday,I had difficulty/trouble in _(hunt)for some important information on the Internet.information on the Internet.5.We all had a good time _(stay)at your home.5.We all had a good time _(stay)at your home.6.He usually spends his free time _(develop)his
40、 own hobby.6.He usually spends his free time _(develop)his own hobby.7.My dear child,dont waste too much time just _(play)around.7.My dear child,dont waste too much time just _(play)around.8._(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be 8._(ignore)the difference between the two r
41、esearch findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.one of the worst mistakes you make.turningMakingtalkinghuntingstayingdevelopingplayingIgnoring二、选择最佳选项二、选择最佳选项1.Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during 1.Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shangha
42、i Expo during the vacation.the vacation.A.having held A.having held B.to hold B.to hold C.holding C.holding D.hold D.hold 2.It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and 2.It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and _ better ones of your own._ better one
43、s of your own.A.introduces A.introduces B.to introduce B.to introduce C.introducing C.introducing D.introducedD.introduced3.I read about your club in the evening paper today,and Im phoning _ 3.I read about your club in the evening paper today,and Im phoning _ out a bit more.out a bit more.A.finding
44、A.finding B.to findB.to findC.in findingC.in findingD.findD.find4.I spent my last week in Rome _ the teachers of the Art College and 4.I spent my last week in Rome _ the teachers of the Art College and _ pictures with them._ pictures with them.A.visited,took A.visited,tookB.to visit,take C.visiting,
45、to takeB.to visit,take C.visiting,to takeD.visiting,takingD.visiting,takingCCBD1.Marys _(be)late for class this morning made the teacher angry.2.The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to escape _(punish).3.They insisted on _ another chance to try.A.given B.giving C.being
46、given D.to be given5.Tom was very unhappy for_ to the party.A.having not been invitedB.not having invited C.having not invitedD.not having been invitedAdditional Exercisesbeingbeing punished CDWrite down your favourite kind of music and share the reasons to your group members,using verb-ing forms co
47、rrectly.I I like like listening listening to to pop pop music music best best because because of of the the lyrics,lyrics,which which can can be be very very inspiring.inspiring.BuyingBuying newly-released newly-released albums albums of of my my favourite favourite singers singers always always exc
48、ites excites me.me.On On my my way way to to school school or or back back home,home,I I usually usually listen listen to to my my collection,collection,which which makes makes the the journey journey more more relaxing.relaxing.I I spend spend most most of of my my spare spare time time enjoyingenj
49、oying music music too,too,instead instead of of watchingwatching TV TV or or surfingsurfing the the Internet.Internet.PlayingPlaying some some of of my my best-loved best-loved songs songs like like“My“My Heart Heart will will Go Go on”,on”,“Hero”,“Hero”,and and“You“You raise me raise me up”,up”,really make my day.really make my day.Applying the rulesHomeworkFinish the extra exercise on KKL