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1、2023年北京考研英语二真题及答案Section Use of EnglishHeres a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: youre the CEO of a small business and though youre making a nice 1 , you need to nd a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth
2、team is made up of members from dierent departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on nding ways to grow.Lets look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of enginee
3、ring, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,
4、8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasnt due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware
5、of the premium version and what it oered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to
6、succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team fo
7、cus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas dont 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. prot C. connection D. bet2.A. dene B. predict C. prioritize D. appr
8、eciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.
9、A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sen
10、se15.A. unite B. nance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless 20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. prot 原文
11、提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。make a nice prot意为“挣得可观的利润”，故选 prot。【2】C. prioritize 原文提到“所需要做的是通过建立一个发展小组来优先促进增长”。此处强调“优先 性”，故选prioritize。【3】A. exclusively 原文提到“利用合作的力量来专注于专门寻找增长的方法”。exclusively表示“独占 地，专门地”，符合题意。【4】D. example 原文提到“来看一个现实生活中的例子”，此处通过举例子来例证上文的观点，故选 example。【5】D. traditional 原文提到“50名雇员在工程、市场营销与产品研发
12、等传统部门工作”。traditional表 示“传统的”，符合题意。【6】D. problem 原文提到“问题是太多的顾客可以免费使用其产品的基础免费版本”。上文指出最开始 卓有成就，但后来陷入了瓶颈期，所以，此处应衔接具有产生什么样的问题。故选problem。【7】A. despite 原文提到“虽然对于付费版本做出了一定的改善，但是几乎没有人进行升级”。此处前后 形成让步-转折逻辑，故选despite。【8】B. however 原文提到“但是自从一位创新的海外经理人的到来使得事情发生了改变”。此处考查上 下文的逻辑关系，上文指出改善没有得到公众的买账，而海外人才的引入却改变了这一些，所以
13、，此处 应填入转折逻辑词，故选however。【9】B. created 原文提到“这名经理人创建了发展团队”。此处与首段establish a growth team形成语 义复现，故选created。【10】C. fresh 原文提到“引发了一个他们所需要的新鲜视角”。创新人才的加入势必会给团队带来新鲜 血液。此处与本段innovative形成语义复现，故选fresh。【11】C. lack 原文提到“缺少升级的原因并不是由质量问题多导致，而是大部分消费者没有这方面的意 识”。上文提到很少有消费者进行升级，所以产品缺少升级，故选lack。【12】D. insight 原文提到“具备这种洞察
14、力，市场营销和工程部门加入到了团队之中”。此处与上文 fresh perspective形成语义复现，新鲜的看法预示着对事情有了更独到的见解，故选insight。【13】C. promoting 原文提到“将免费版本升级成优质版本”。此处与后文upgrade形成语义复现，故选 promoting。【14】A. As a result 原文提到“因此，升级量激增”。此处考查句间的逻辑关系，由于版本变得更加优 质，所以选择升级的人数数量在增加，因此应填入因果逻辑词，故选as a result。【15】A. unite 原文提到“需要一个人来联合来自跨学科的组别”。上文leader一词提示，员工之间
15、需要 团结才能成功。unite意为“联合”，符合题意。【16】B. identify 原文提到“领导需要确定目标区域”。下文指出设立目标，所以在设立目标之前应确定 目标区域，故选identify。【17】D. accomplishment 原文提到“建立时间框架赖完成这些目标”。上文提到设立目标，所以此处应 表示实现目标，故选accomplishment。【18】B. responsible 原文提到“领导需要负责去带领整个团队一起前进”。be responsible for意为 “对负责”，符合题意。【19】C. while 原文提到“虽然很有吸引力，但是新的想法会让人分心”。此处体现句间的
16、让步-转折逻辑 关系，故选while。【20】A. serve 原文提到“一些想法不能服务目前的目标，并且需要暂时搁置”。即想法和目标无法实现 协调统一，所以需要暂停，故选serve。Section Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121. The RHS thinks that plastic grass_ A. is harmful to the environment B. is a hot topic in gardening circles C. is overpraised in the annual show D. is ruining the v
17、iew of West London【21】A. is harmful to the environment 解析：该题为细节题，问RHS对于plastic grass塑料草的看 法。通过RHS和plastic grass定位，锁定句子“The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biod
18、iversity.” 核心句意 “由于塑料草对环境和生物多样性造成的破坏， RHS出台了这项禁令。” 文章中because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.对应A选项is harmful to the environment。damage和harmful为同义改写。22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 revealed the campaigners A. disappointment with the RHSB. resistance to
19、 fake grass useC. anger over the proposed taxD. concern about real grass supply【22】B. resistance to fake grass use 解析：该题为细节题，通过题干petitions(请愿书)和 campaigners(运动领导者)进行定位。通过campaigners所在句子“The RHSs decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes.”得知，campaigners试图提
20、 高人们对假草造成的问题的认识。下文petitions所在句子，详细说明提升对假草问题的具体方式：It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. 即“呼吁禁止销售塑料草，和呼吁 对此类草坪征收“生态破坏”税”。只有B选项 resistance to fake grass use(对假草使用的抵制)，对
21、定位 句进行了同义改写。23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out_A. the necessity to lower the costs of fake grassB. the disadvantages of growing real grassC. the way to take care of articial lawnsD. the challenges of insect habitat protection【23】B. the disadvantages of growing real grass 解析：该题为细节
22、题，问假草支持者的观点态度。 通过第4段内容可概括出“天然草坪也会对环境造成影响，并且真正的草需要大量的水、除草剂或其他处 理。” 只有B选项the disadvantages of growing real grass(种植真草的缺点), 是对文章的同义概括。24. What would the government do with regard to articial grass? A. Urge legislation to restrict its useB. Take measures to guarantee its quality C. Remind its users to o
23、bey existing rules. D. Replace it with sustainable alternatives.【24】C. Remind its users to obey existing rules. 解析：该题为细节题，问“政府会如何处理人造草?” 通过government和articial grass定位，从文章中得知“政府没有计划禁止使用人造草，并且人工草地 的使用必须遵守现有的法律和政策保障措施。文章中的comply with the legal and policy(遵守法律和政 策)与B选项Remind its users to obey existing r
24、ules. (提醒用户遵守现有规则。) 是同义改写。25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass A. is being improved continuously B. has seen a market share decline C. is becoming increasing aordable D. has been a controversial product【25】D. has been a controversial product. 解析：该题为主旨题，问通过文章可以得出什么关于假草 的结论。本题考查对文章主旨和段落
25、大意的把握。文章阐述了RHS， 假草支持者，和政府对于假草的不 同态度，其中RHS禁止假草的使用，而政府表明没有禁止计划。各方观点明确并阐述了理由。因为文章 是围绕fake grass展开争议，因为答案是D，是“有争议性的产品”。Text 226.What problem are US national parks faced with? A.Decline of business prots.B.Inadequate commercialization. C.Lack of transportation services. D.Poorly maintained infrastructure
26、.【26】D Poorly maintained infrastructure.解析：该题为细节题，问美国国家公园面临着什么问题， 根据problem, US national parks回到原文定位，文中提到：“美国国家公园正处于危机之中。他们总共 有超过120亿美元的维护费用积压下来没有拨款。”( U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion.)所以美国国家公园面临着维护缺钱的问题，即 基础设施维护不良。27.Increase
27、d privatization of the campgrounds may . A. spoil visitor experience B. help preserve nature C. bring operational pressure D. boost visits to parks【27】A. spoil visitor experience 解析：该题为细节题，问增加露营地的私有化可能会如何，根据关键 词privatization， the campgrounds回到原文定位，文中提到：“增加私有化肯定会削弱每年3亿游客来 公园的主要原因之一:享受自然，从淹没日常生活的商业鼓声中
28、得到喘息。”(increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelmsdaily life.)所以增加露营地的私有化可能会让游客仍然受到商业的影响，不能更好地享受自然，即破坏 游客体验。28.According to Paragraph 5,
29、most respondents in the survey would A. go to the national parks on a regular basis.B.advocate a bigger budget for the national parks. C.agree to pay extra for the national parks.D.support the national parks recent reforms.【28】C.agree to pay extra for the national parks. 解析：该题为细节题，问调查中的大多数受访者会 如何，根据
30、关键词respondents，the survey回到原文定位， 文中提到：“约81%的受访者表示，他们愿 意在未来10年缴纳额外的税款，以避免任何削减国家公园的开支。”(Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.)所以调查中的大多数受访者会愿意额外缴纳税款，即同意为国家公园支付额外的费用。29.The national parks are valuable in
31、that theyA.lead the way in tourism. B.have historical signicance.C.sponsor research on climate D. provide an income for the locals.【29】B.have historical signicance. 解析：该题为细节题，问国家公园很有价值因为它们怎么样，根 据关键词the national parks，valuable回到原文中定位，文中提到，这些公园还有助于让美国的历史 充满活力，与全国数千个地方司法机构合作，保护包括埃利斯岛和葛底斯堡在内的历史遗迹，并让这些 地
32、方的故事变得生动起来。”(The parks also help keep Americas past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites including Ellis Island and Gettysburg and to bring the stories of these places to life.)所以国家公园很有价值因为它们有助于 让美国的历史充满活力，保护历史遗迹，即有历史意义。30.It can be conc
33、luded from the text that the national park system A.is able to cope with sta shortage. B.is able to meet visitors demands.C.is in need of a new price policy.D.is in need of a funding increase.【30】D. is in need of a funding increase. 解析：该题为细节题，问国家公园体系如何，根据关键词 the national park system回到原文中定位，文中提到：“国会每
34、年只给国家公园系统拨款30亿美元 这一数额自2001年以来一直没有变化(以通货膨胀调整后的美元计算)，除了2009年作为奥巴马刺激计划 一部分的一次增加。与此同时，自1980年以来，每年的游客数量增长了50%以上，现在每年达到3.3亿 人次。”(Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system an amount that has been at since 2001 (in ination-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost i
35、n 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.)可以得 知，国家公园体系得到的拨款每年基本上保持不变，然而参观公园的游客再增长，所以国家公园体系需 要拨款资金的增加。Text 331. Sparrows study show that with the Internet, the huma
36、n brain willA. analyze information in detailB. collect information ecientlyC. switch its focus of memory D. extend its memory duration【31】C. switch its focus of memory 解析：该题为细节题，问Sparrow的研究表明在互联网时代，人 类大脑会怎样。通过Sparrow定位，最终锁定第一段最后一句，即对研究结论的表“human memory is not deteriorating but adapting to new commun
37、ications technology, 人类的记忆并没有退化，而是 “适应新的通信技术”。CD选项都提到了memory, C是转换大脑记忆焦点，D是延长大脑记忆时间。文章 中的“适应新的通信技术” 对应C选项“转换焦点。”，因此答案是C。32. The process of “cognitive ooading ”_ A. helps us identify false information B. keeps our memory from failing C. enables us to classify trivial facts D. lessens our memory burde
38、ns【32】D. lessens our memory burdens 解析：该题为细节题，通过cognitive ooading定位。文章 描述“互联网正在成为我们记忆的外部硬盘，这一过程被称为“cognitive ooading”。传统上，这一角色 是由数据库、图书馆和其他人类完成的。例如，你的父亲可能永远不会记得生日，因为你的母亲会记 得。” 即cognitive ooading可以帮助储存部分记忆，即对应D选项“减轻我们的记忆负担”。33. Which of the following would Sparrows support about the Internet? A. It m
39、ay reform our learning approach B. It may impact our society negativelyC. It may enhance our adaptability to technology D. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking【33】A. It may reform our learning approach 解析：该题为细节题，通过Sparrows进行定位，本句 话表明了Sparrows的观点：“the trend will change our approach to learni
40、ng from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking” “也许，她建议， 这一趋势将改变我们的学习方式，从关注个人事实和记忆转变，变为关注更多的概念思维” 。A选项It may reform our learning approach(它可能会改变我们的学习方式)是对文章的同义改写。34. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet aects our brains_A. requires fur
41、ther academic researchB. is most studied in older adultsC. is reected in our reading speedD. depends on our web-surng habits【34】A. requires further academic research 解析：该题为推断题。段首句明确表示 “还有其他专家 表示，现在了解互联网如何影响我们的大脑还为时过早。” 。A选项“需要进一步的学术研究” 是对文章的 同义改写。35. Neither Sparrows nor Storm would agree that_A. ou
42、r reliance on the Internet will be costlyB. the Internet is weakening our memoryC. memory exercise is a must for our brainsD. our ability to fucus declines with age【35】B. the Internet is weakening our memory 解析：该题为观点对比，问Sparrows和Storm都不 会同意什么。Sparrows认为互联网可以改变我们的学习方式，Storm在文章最后一段表明观点。There may be co
43、sts associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but Id have to imagine that overall the benets are going to outweigh those costs, “我们对互联网的依赖增加可能会带来一些成 本，但我不得不想象，总的来说，收益将超过这些成本。”，因为Storm也支持互联网。即两人都没有认 为互联网有害，对应B选项the Internet is weakening our memory，即都不会认为互联网正在削弱我 们的记忆。Text 436.According
44、to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to . A.develop opposite personality traits.B.see the world in an unreasonable way. C.have fond memories of their past. D.show aection for their parents.【36】A. develop opposite personality traits.解析：该题为细节题，问进入青春期的孩子往往会如 何，根据关键词children，adolescenc
45、e回到原文中定位， 文中提到：“在青春期，无助和依赖成年人的 孩子成为独立的人，他们可以照顾自己，互相帮助。与此同时，曾经快乐顺从的孩子变成了叛逆的冒险 家，往往到了自我毁灭的地步。(In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once che
46、erful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. )所以进入青春期的孩子往往发 展出相反的人格特征。37.It can be learned form Paragraph 2 that Crones study A. explores teenagers social responsibilities. B. examines teenagers emotional problems. C. provides a new insi
47、ght into adolescence. D. highlights negative adolescent behavior.【37】C. provides a new insight into adolescence.解析：该题为细节题，问Crone的研究如何，根据 关键词Crones study回到原文中定位，文中提到：“这项研究是对青春期思考的新浪潮的一部分。很长 一段时间以来，科学家和政策制定者都认为青少年是一个需要解决的问题。这项新研究强调，青春期是 一个充满机遇和风险的时期。”(The study is part of a new wave of thinking about
48、adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.)所以Crone的研究和以往对于青春期的思考不一样，即为青春期提供了一个新的见解。38.What does Crones study nd about prosocial behavior? A.It results from the wish to cooperate.B.It is cultivated through education.C.It is subject to family inuence.D.It tends to peak in adolescence.【38】D.It tends to peak in adolescence.解析：该题为细节题，问关于亲社会的行为，Crone的研究 发现了什么，根据关键词Crones study，prosocial behavior回