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1、学习好资料 欢迎下载 现在完成时讲解与练习 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2.用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被 just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进
2、行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981 他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havet seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。3结构 1）陈述句结构：主语have(has)（not）+过去分词其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2）一般疑问句结构：Have(Has)主语过去分词其它？3）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have(has)+主语+过去分词其它？eg.He has already finished his homework.He ha
3、snt finished his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet?-Yes,he has./No,he hasnt./No,not yet.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有 twice,ever,never,three times 等时间状语。如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three yea
4、rs ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never
5、 been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如-Have you me
6、t him today?-No,I havent.今天你见过他吗？我 没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有 since 或 for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years.但是，像 come,arrive,buy 等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebe here be
7、gin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或 be on open be open join be in 或 be a member of close be closed go to school be a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold)have(a cold)get to know
8、 know begin to study study come to work work 等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在
9、的关系。如对现在学习好资料 欢迎下载 产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）6.几点注意事项 （1）have been(to)与 have gone(to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once,never,seve
10、ral times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有 since 一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 19
11、97.自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时练习 属于现在时范围它和主语的人称数要保持一致过去分词是主要的谓语动词说明句子的意义用法表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间但对现在留下了某种影响和结果常被等副词修饰如你已经吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过现在我不饿了表示的状语如他自年就在这儿教书可能还要继续教我有四年没到她了结构陈述句结构主语过去分词其它一般疑问句结构主语过去分词其它特殊疑问句特殊疑问词主语过去分词其它表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作现在成为一种经验一去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用用副词和一般用于肯定句中一般用于否定句和疑
12、问句中如我们已完成作业了他们还没有完成作业用和多用于否定或疑问句中表示曾经学习好资料 欢迎下载 A）用 have(has)been 或 have(has)gone 填空。A:Where _ Li Fei _?B:He _ to HainanIsland.A:How long _ he _ there?B:He _ there for three days.A:When will he come back,do you know?B:Im afraid he wont come back recently.A:Could you tell me the way to HainanIsland?B
13、:Sorry,I _ never _ there.A:How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B:He _ there only once.B）用 have/has been to/in,have gone to 的各种形式填空。Where is Jack?He _ his country.John _ England since he came back.How long _ he _ this village?The Smiths _ Beijing for years._ you ever _ America?-Yes,I _ there many
14、 times.I _ this school since three years ago.()1.Jims been to the Great wall before,_he?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt()2.Shes never been to England,_she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is()2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often()3.How long _he_ the library
15、 book.(A)has,borrow (B)has,kept (C)has,bought (D)did,buy()4.Mr Green isnt in the office,He _to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go()5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone()6.They_China for two years (A)have been to (B)ha
16、ve been in(c)have gone to (D)have come to A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词 arrive at/in sw.get to/reach e/go/move to sw.be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.I went home yesterday.I
17、 _ _ _ home for _ _.They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back,return be back come/go out be out He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.The river became dirty
18、last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sw.be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be
19、 married I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.They married in 1990.They _ _ _since
20、 _.start/begin to do sth.do sth.begin be on I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear 属于现在时范围它和主语的人称数要保持一致过去分词是主要的谓语动词说明句子的意义用法表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间但对现在留下了某种影响和结果常被等副词修饰如你已经吃午饭
21、了吗我刚刚吃过现在我不饿了表示的状语如他自年就在这儿教书可能还要继续教我有四年没到她了结构陈述句结构主语过去分词其它一般疑问句结构主语过去分词其它特殊疑问句特殊疑问词主语过去分词其它表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作现在成为一种经验一去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用用副词和一般用于肯定句中一般用于否定句和疑问句中如我们已完成作业了他们还没有完成作业用和多用于否定或疑问句中表示曾经学习好资料 欢迎下载 catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know They borrowed it last week
22、.They _ _ it since _ _.I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army b
23、e a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.M
24、y brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.()2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years(A)died,dead(B)has died,dead(C)died,has been dead(D)has died,has died()3.I have _this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend()4.He _his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (
25、C)has been away from (D)was away from()5.He _a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become()6.Lihuas brother has _for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army()7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been awa
26、y (C)been (D)away ()1.Have you finished your homework Yes,I _it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish()2._you ever _to Nanjing Yes,I _there last year.(A)Havegone,have gone (B)Havebeen,went(C)Didgo,went (D)Didgo,has,been ()3.When _you _Lucy in New York?I _here for two years(
27、A)didmeet,havent seen (B)didmeet,havent seen(C)didmeet,dont see (D)wouldmeet,hadnt seen ()4.when_ you to Beijing?()3.He _finished his homework.yet(A)doesnt (B)havent (C)hasnt (D)doesnt have ()1.Have you _traveled on the train.Yes,I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet()2.Have you finished your homew
28、ork Not_ .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just()3.We havent finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never()4.Have you_ learned English?Yes,Ive _learned a lot.(A)never,ever (B)ever,never (C)ever,already (D)already.ever()5.Have you finished your homework _?Yes,Ive _done that (A)yet,already (B
29、)already,yet (C)ever,never (D)still,just()6.Johns father _borrowed some pictures(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet A）用 since 和 for 填空 1)_ two years 2)_ two years ago 3)_ last month4)_ 1999 5)_ yesterday 6)_ 4 oclock7)_ 4 hours 8)_ an hour ago 9)_ we were children10)_ lunch time 11)_
30、 she left here 属于现在时范围它和主语的人称数要保持一致过去分词是主要的谓语动词说明句子的意义用法表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间但对现在留下了某种影响和结果常被等副词修饰如你已经吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过现在我不饿了表示的状语如他自年就在这儿教书可能还要继续教我有四年没到她了结构陈述句结构主语过去分词其它一般疑问句结构主语过去分词其它特殊疑问句特殊疑问词主语过去分词其它表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作现在成为一种经验一去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用用副词和一般用于肯定句中一般用于否定句和疑问句中如我们已完成作业了他们还没有完成
31、作业用和多用于否定或疑问句中表示曾经学习好资料 欢迎下载 B）用 since 和 for 填空 1.He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2.Ive known him _ we were children.3.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4.She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5.Its about ten years _ _ she left the city.1.Ive been like this ev
32、er since _(A)last week (B)for a week (C)a week before (D)the last week()2.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since()3.I havent heard from him _last week.(A)since (B)for (C)ago (D)before()4.His father joined the party_(A)for three years (B)since three years ago(C)t
33、hree years ago (D)in two years time 1.Where is Mr.Liu?-He _the library.A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in 2.The students have cleaned the classroom,_?A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havent they 3.I like Hainan.I _there three times.A.went B.go C.have been D.have gone 4.We came to Nanjing t
34、hree years ago,so we _ here for three years.A.have been to B.have been in C.have been D.have gone 5.-How long _you_ your dictionary?-About two months.A.did;buy B.have;get C.have;had D.have;bought 6.He tells me he_ China for over five years.A.has been B.has been in C.has been to D.has gone to 7._has
35、Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived 8.His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to workC.has lived there D.has left the university 9.He has never surfed,_(改成反意疑问句）?10.They have been here s
36、ince 2000.(对划线部分提问)_ have they been here?11.The old man _last year.He_ for a year.(die)12.This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变)This factory _ for twenty years.13.Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同上）Miss Gao_ an _hour ago.14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago.（同上）_ two years_ the Gre
37、en family moved to France.15.The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.（同上）现在完成时与中考题选择填空。1I_ a letter from him since he left （天津市）Adidnt receive Bhavent got C didnt have Dhavent heard 2Where have you _ these days？I have to Dazhu with my friends （重庆市）Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；g
38、one 3How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市）Abought Bborrowed C had Dlent 4Wheres Peter？He _ to Nanjing （沈阳市）Ais going B has been Chas gone Dwent 5Youve never seen such a wonderful film before，_？（河北省）Ahavent you B have you C do you D dont you 6We have lived here _ five years ago （河南省）Awhen Bsince Cbefo
39、re Dafter 7I have watched the game When you _ it？（长沙市）Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 8How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？Oh，I _ such a beautiful city （江西省）Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 9The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week（广州
40、市）Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt Ddidnt feel 10My grandfather_ in the small town all his life He always says he likes the town （四川省）Alived Bhave lived C has lived Dis living 属于现在时范围它和主语的人称数要保持一致过去分词是主要的谓语动词说明句子的意义用法表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间但对现在留下了某种影响和结果常被等副词修饰如你已经吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过现在我不饿了表示的状语如他自年就在这儿教书可能还要继续教
41、我有四年没到她了结构陈述句结构主语过去分词其它一般疑问句结构主语过去分词其它特殊疑问句特殊疑问词主语过去分词其它表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作现在成为一种经验一去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用用副词和一般用于肯定句中一般用于否定句和疑问句中如我们已完成作业了他们还没有完成作业用和多用于否定或疑问句中表示曾经学习好资料 欢迎下载 11Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice （贵阳市）Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone D has gone 12His brother has be
42、en to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan （昆明市）Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 13His grandpa _ for two years （广西）Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead D has died 14Have you ever_ to Haikou？Yes，I_ there with my family last August （海南省）Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to D been；was in 15His sister _ her ho
43、metown for three years Shell return next year（合肥市）Aleft Bhas left Chas been away D has been away from 属于现在时范围它和主语的人称数要保持一致过去分词是主要的谓语动词说明句子的意义用法表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间但对现在留下了某种影响和结果常被等副词修饰如你已经吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过现在我不饿了表示的状语如他自年就在这儿教书可能还要继续教我有四年没到她了结构陈述句结构主语过去分词其它一般疑问句结构主语过去分词其它特殊疑问句特殊疑问词主语过去分词其它表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作现在成为一种经验一去的时间状语连用如等但是在强调动作产生的后果和影响时可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用用副词和一般用于肯定句中一般用于否定句和疑问句中如我们已完成作业了他们还没有完成作业用和多用于否定或疑问句中表示曾经