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1、必修一 Unit 1 Frie ndship ANNE S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whomyou could tell everything to,like your deepest feelings and thoughts?Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you,or would not un dersta nd what you are going through?Anne Frank wan ted the first kind,so she made her best fr
2、iend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would War n.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the Germa n Nazi.She and her family hid away for n early twen ty-five mon ths before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said,”
3、I don t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,but I want this diary itself to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.”Now read how she felt after being in the hidi ng place since July 1942.th Thursday 15 Ju ne 1944 Dear Kitty,I wonder if it s because I haven t been a
4、ble to be outdoors for so long that I ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time whe n a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moon light and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That s changed since I was here.For example,one evening when it
5、was so warm,I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light,I did n t dare ope n a win dow.Ano ther time five mon ths ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.I didn t go downstairs unti
6、l the window had to be shut.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I d seen the night face to face Sadly I amonly able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty win dows.it s no pl
7、easure look ing through these any Ion ger because n ature is one thing that really must be experie need.Your,Anne 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会 不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记当作自己 最好的朋友。在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们 不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了将近 25 个月之后 才被发现。在那段时期
8、，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样 在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看看安妮自 1942 年 7 月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。1944 年 6 月 15 日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂：我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无 比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神 往过。自从我来到这里之后，这一切都变了。比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上 11 点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独自 好好地看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我都不敢打开窗户。还有一
9、次，就在五个月以前的 一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的 雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一 次亲眼目睹的夜晚 不幸的是我只能通过那满是灰尘的窗帘下的脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。通过窗户 看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。你的安妮 USING LANGUAGE语言应用 Dear Miss Wan g,I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.I m getting along well with a boy in
10、my class.Weoften do homework together and we enjoy helping each other.Wehave become really good friends.But other students have started gossiping.They say that this boy and I have fallen in love.This has made me angry.I don t want to end the frien dship,but I hate others gossip ing.What should I do?
11、Yours,Lisa 亲爱的王小姐：现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常 常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后 议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？你的莉萨 Unit 2 En glish around the world THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of the 16th century,about five to seven million people spoke Englis
12、h.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that,English begin to be spoken in many other countries.Today,more people speak English as their first,sec ond or a foreig n Ian guage tha n ever before
13、.Native En glish speakers can un dersta nd each other even if they dont speak the same kind of En glish.Look at this kind of example:British Betty:Would you like to see my flat?American Amy:Yes.I d like to come up to your apartment.So why has English changed over time?Actually all Ianguages change a
14、nd develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in En gla nd betwee n about AD 450 and 1150 was very differe nt the En glish spoke n today.你目前的困境呢安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友所以她把的日记当作自己最好的朋友在第二次世界大战期间安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹她一家人都是犹太人所以他们不得不躲藏起来否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去她和她的家流水账我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友我
15、把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂现在来看看安妮自年月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧年月日星期四亲爱的基蒂我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比了比如说有一天晚上天气很暖和我故意熬到晚上点半都不睡觉为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮但是因为月光太亮了我都不敢打开窗户还有一次就在五个月以前的一个晚上我碰巧在楼上窗户是开着的我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下比如，印度就有很多人说英语说得 在此期间，英语成了印度政府和教 人们现在也说英语。当今，在中国 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.The
16、n gradually between about AD800to 1150,English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600 s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever
17、before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to American.Later in the 18 th century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken in both countries.th Finally by the 19 century the language was settled.At that time two big changes in English spelling happened:first Samuel
18、Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example,India has a very large number of fluent Engl
19、ish speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.during that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidl
20、y.In fact,China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity?Only time will tell.通向现代英语之路 在 16 世纪末，大约有五至七百万人讲英语。几乎所有这些讲英语的人都住在英格兰。在其后的一个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方，结果世界的其他地 方的人们也开始说英语了。今天，把英语作为自己的第一语言、第二语言或外语来使用的人 比以往任何时候都多。以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼
21、此听懂。请看看这 个例子：英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗？美国人艾米：好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。那么，随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢？实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。开始，英格兰人在大约公元 450 年到 1150 年之间所说的 英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，不像我们现在 说的英语。后来，大约在公元 800 年至 1150 年之间，英语慢慢变得不那么像德语，因为统 治英格兰的那些人开始是说丹麦语，后来说法语。这些新来的定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其 是丰富了英语词汇。所以到 17 世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比以往任何
22、时候都丰 富的词汇。1620 年一些英国定居者来到了美洲，后来到了 18 世纪的时候，一些英国人还被 带到了澳大利亚。英语也就开始在这两个国家使用。最后到 19 世纪的时候，英语这种语言就变得稳定了。当时，英语的拼写发生了两个很 大的变化：先是塞缪尔约翰逊编写了他的英语词典，后是诺亚韦伯斯特出版了美国英 语词典。后者使得美式英语的拼写有了其独特的个性。现在英语在南亚地区也被作为外语或第二语言使用。很流利，因为在 1765 年到 1947 年之间英国统治着印度。育所用的语言。在新加坡和马来西亚以及像非洲的南非，学英语的人数正在快速增加，事实上，中国可能是学英语人数最多的国家。中国式英语是否 也能
23、发展成一种具有自己独特个性的语言？这还有待时间去证明。Using Ian guage STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is sta ndard En glish?Is it spoke n in Brita in,the US,Can ada,Australia,India and NewZealand?Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is stand
24、ard English.This is because in the early days of 你目前的困境呢安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友所以她把的日记当作自己最好的朋友在第二次世界大战期间安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹她一家人都是犹太人所以他们不得不躲藏起来否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去她和她的家流水账我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂现在来看看安妮自年月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧年月日星期四亲爱的基蒂我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比了比如说有一天晚上天气很暖和我故意熬到晚上点半都不睡觉为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮但是因为月光太亮
25、了我都不敢打开窗户还有一次就在五个月以前的一个晚上我碰巧在楼上窗户是开着的我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下radio,those who reported the n ews were expected to speak excellent English.However,on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.When people use words and expressions different from the“standard Ianguage”,it is called a dia
26、lect.American English has manydialects,especially the Midwestern,southern,African American and Spanish dialects.Even in some parts of the USA,two people from n eighbori ng tow ns speak a little differe ntly.America n En glish has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.Geog
27、raphy also plays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in the mountains of the easter n USA speak with an older kind of En glish dialect.When America ns moved from one place to ano ther,they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USAspeak with almost
28、the same dialects as people in the northwestern USA.The USAis a large country in which many different dialects are spoke n.Although many America ns move a lot,they still recog nize and understand each other s dialects.标准英语和方言 什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的
29、英语就是 标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出 人们在说话时的差异。当人们使用不同于标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美国有些地 区，两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为 美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东 南部山区的人同美国西北部
30、的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼 此不同的方言。虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。Unit 3 Travel journal JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN My n ame is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school,my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Twoyears ago she bought an expensive mount
31、ain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year,she visited our cousins,Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in wester n Yunnan Provinee near the Lancang River,the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other coun tries.Wang Wei soon
32、got them in terested in cycli ng too.After graduat ing from college.we fin ally got the cha nce to take a bike trip.I asked my sister,Where are we goin g?It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the en tire Mekong River from where it begi ns to where it en ds.Now she is pla nning our s
33、chedule for the trip.I amfond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubbor n.Although 你目前的困境呢安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友所以她把的日记当作自己最好的朋友在第二次世界大战期间安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹她一家人都是犹太人所以他们不得不躲藏起来否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去她和她的家流水账我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂现在来看看安妮自年月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧年月日星期四亲爱的基蒂我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故
34、我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比了比如说有一天晚上天气很暖和我故意熬到晚上点半都不睡觉为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮但是因为月光太亮了我都不敢打开窗户还有一次就在五个月以前的一个晚上我碰巧在楼上窗户是开着的我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下she did nt know the best way of gett ing to places,she in sisted that she orga nize the trip properly.Now,I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept ask ing her,Whe n are w
35、e leav ing and whe n are we coming back?I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course,she had nt;my sister does nt care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekongis in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determ ined look the kind that said she would not cha nge her mind.Whenl t
36、old her that our jour ney would beg in at an altitude of more tha n 5,000 meters,she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold,she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind,nothing can
37、 cha nge it.Fin ally,I had to give in.Several mon ths before our trip,Wa ng Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.At first the river is sma
38、ll and the water is clear and cold.Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys,traveli ng across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and en ters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China.After it
39、 leaves China and the high altitude,the Mekong becomes wide,brown and warm.As it en ters Southeast Asia,its pace slows.It makes wide bends or mean ders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last,the river delta enters the South Chi na Sea.沿湄公河而下的旅行 第一部分梦想与计划 我的名字叫王坤。从高中起，我姐姐和我就一直梦想作一
40、次伟大的自行车旅行。两年前，她买了一辆价钱昂贵的山地自行车，然后她还说服我也买了一辆。去年她去看望了我们的表 兄弟一在昆明读大学的刀伟和宇航。他们是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的地方长大，湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江，流经其他国家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也 对骑车旅行产生了兴趣。到大学毕业后，我们终于有了作一次骑车旅行的机会。我问姐姐：“我们要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行的是我的姐姐。现在，她正 为这次旅行制订计划。我很喜欢我姐姐，但是她有一个严重的缺点，她有时确实很固执。尽管她对到某些地方 的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要把这次旅行安排的尽善尽美。现在我知道了
41、这个尽善尽美 的方式总是她的方式。我老是问她：“我们什么时候动身？什么时候回来？”我问她是否已 经看过地图。当然她并没有看过，我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。于是我告诉她湄公河的源头 在青海省。她给了我一个坚定的眼神一这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。当我告诉她我们 的旅行将从 5000 多米的的高地出发时，她似乎显得很兴奋。当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼 吸会很困难，而且天气会很冷时，她却说这将是一次很有趣的经历。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了决心，就什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。在我们旅行前的几个月，王薇和我去了图书馆。我们找到了一本大型的地图册，里面有 一些世界地理的明细图。我们从图上可以
42、看到，湄公河源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，河 很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它开始快速流动。它穿过深谷时就变成了急流。流经云南西部。有时，这条河形成瀑布进入宽阔的峡谷。我们惊奇的发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。当流 出中国，流出高地后，湄公河就变宽，变暖了。河水也变成了黄褐色。而当它进入东南亚以 后，流速减慢，河水变宽慢慢地穿过低谷，到了长着稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各 支流流入中国南海。USING LANGUAGE 语言应用 你目前的困境呢安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友所以她把的日记当作自己最好的朋友在第二次世界大战期间安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹她一家人都是犹太人所以他们不得不躲藏起来否则
43、就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去她和她的家流水账我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂现在来看看安妮自年月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧年月日星期四亲爱的基蒂我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比了比如说有一天晚上天气很暖和我故意熬到晚上点半都不睡觉为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮但是因为月光太亮了我都不敢打开窗户还有一次就在五个月以前的一个晚上我碰巧在楼上窗户是开着的我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下PART2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS Although it was autumn,the snow was already beginn
44、ing to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?That s what we looked like!Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.ln the late after noon we found it was so cold that our water bottles fro
45、ze.However,the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wangwei rode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I didn t need to encourage her.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us,we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able to see
46、for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going downthe hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.In the valleys colorful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass.At this point we
47、 had to change our caps,coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and the n we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head dow n on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars
48、grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind only the flames of our fire for compa ny.As I lay ben eath the stars I thought about how far we had already traveled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Provi nee soon,where our cous ins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will jo in us.We can hardly wait to see them!
49、夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分山中一宿 虽然是秋天，但是西藏已经开始下雪了。我们的腿又沉又冷，感觉就像大冰块。你看到 过雪人骑自行车吗？我们看上去就像那样。一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着 我们。下午晚些时候，我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了。然而，湖水在落日的余晖下 闪亮如镜，景色迷人。像往常一样，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不着给她鼓劲 儿。上山很艰难，但是当我们环顾四周，（眼前的）景色让我们感到惊奇，我们似乎能看到 几百里以外的地方。在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，彷佛骑车穿越云层。然后我们开 始下山，这非常有趣，特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斓的蝴蝶翩翩飞
50、舞 在我们身旁，我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。这时，我们不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和长裤 脱掉，换成 T恤衫和短裤。一到傍晚，我们通常就停下来宿营，（于是），我们先把帐篷支起来，然后吃饭。晚饭 后，王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了，而我却醒着。半夜里，天空变得清朗了，星星更亮了。（夜晚）非常安静一一几乎没有风，只有篝火的火焰和我们做伴。当我躺在星空下，我想着 我们已经走了多远。我们很快就要到达云南的大理。在那里，我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列。我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！Unit 4 Earthquake A night the earth didn t sleep Strange things