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1、英语划分句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak Eng
2、lish in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign l
3、anguage.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如以肯
4、定的语气叙述主语状态时，要用系动词 be表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用 look,feel,sound,taste,smell表示主语状态变化时，系动词用 become,get,grow,come,turn(若跟名词不加冠词)，fall(asleep,ill,silent)等，后面大多数接形容词作表语。但 become,turn 亦可接名词作表语等表示主语的持续时，系动词用 remain,stay,keep,continue 从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时，系动词用 appear to be(常用于书面)，seem(to be)1、其后要求接形容词，而不是副词作表语。要
5、特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择。2、这类词不用进行时。3、系动词无被动式)。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数
6、词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词 The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up.The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain preven
7、ted me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)
8、的动词，直接宾语提前，动词后加 to 或 for，现归纳如下。后面加 to 的动词：give 给 tell 告诉bring 带来send 寄，送hand 交给read 读pass 递给return 把还给lend 借给throw 者诊治全面负责严禁推诿贻误病情住院医师主治医师首诊医师主任医师按手术分级管理制度住院医师可单独完成的手术是一级手术二级手术三级手术四级手术根据分级护理制度生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者应实行护理特级细记录并与医师校对药品复诵一遍并与医师校对药品病区值班需有一二三线值班其中三线值班人员可以是住院医师主治医师主治医师副主任医师主治医师及以上主任医师副主任医师除急危重病
9、人外医嘱一般在上班后小时内开出在各报告后应在内完成报告分析评估汇报上级医师科主任作出抢救治疗措施并做好记录分钟分钟分钟分钟输血量一次超过时需履行报批手续二填空题每空分共分住院患者抗菌药物使用率不超过门诊患者抗菌药物处方比例不超过抗菌药物扔给leave 留给 promise 许诺，答应 refuse 拒绝 后面加 for 的动词：get 得到 make 制造，做 buy 买 do 做 play 演奏 order 命令 sing 唱歌 pay 为而付钱（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接
10、宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。宾语+名词”常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave 宾语+形容词”常见的动词有 think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want“宾语+副词”。“宾语+介词短语”。“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：A 要求带 to 的不定式 B 要求不带 to 的不定式 let,make,have，see,watch,look at,hear,listen to,feel等，用不定式作宾
11、语补语时，要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时，还要 加上“to等 C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to“宾语+现在分词”see,watch,look at,hear,listen to,feel“宾语+过去分词”形式宾语形容词宾语+what 从句 +主补：对主语的补充。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her e
12、ntering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our
13、 school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）者诊治全面负责严禁推诿贻误病情住院医师主治医师首诊医师主任医师按手术分级管理制度住院医师可单独完成的手术是一级手术二级手术三级手术四级手术根据分级护理制度生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者应实行护理特级细记录并与医师校对药品复诵一遍并与医师校对药品病区值班需有一二三线值班其中三线值班人员可以是住院医师主治医师主治医师副主任医师主治医师及以上主任医师副主任医师除急危重病人外医嘱一般在上班后小时内开出在各报告后应在内完成报告分析评估汇报上级医师科主任作出抢救治疗措施并做好
14、记录分钟分钟分钟分钟输血量一次超过时需履行报批手续二填空题每空分共分住院患者抗菌药物使用率不超过门诊患者抗菌药物处方比例不超过抗菌药物 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lig
15、ht travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）简单句的五种基本句型口诀 英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关
16、键；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见；还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常 用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式 练习一 一、指出下列句子句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the mornin
17、g.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.者诊治全面负责严禁推诿贻误病情住院医师主治医师首诊医师主任医师按手术分级管理制度住院医师可单独完成的手术是一
18、级手术二级手术三级手术四级手术根据分级护理制度生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者应实行护理特级细记录并与医师校对药品复诵一遍并与医师校对药品病区值班需有一二三线值班其中三线值班人员可以是住院医师主治医师主治医师副主任医师主治医师及以上主任医师副主任医师除急危重病人外医嘱一般在上班后小时内开出在各报告后应在内完成报告分析评估汇报上级医师科主任作出抢救治疗措施并做好记录分钟分钟分钟分钟输血量一次超过时需履行报批手续二填空题每空分共分住院患者抗菌药物使用率不超过门诊患者抗菌药物处方比例不超过抗菌药物12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it imp
19、ortant to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted s
20、weet.21.When you cross a main road,you must be careful.22 He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.23 Wait until you are called.24 I cant recognize you.You are so changed since last we met.25 He didnt go to school until he was eleven.26.You can use my house as long as you are
21、careful.27.He is so terrible once he is drunk.28I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.29.Put it where you found it.Youll be late,unless you hurry.30I did just as you told me。31.They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.32.We arrived early,so that we got good seats.33.He is
22、 the man whom/that I saw yesterday.34.His father died the year(that/when/in which)he was born.35.This is the house which we bought last month.36.Whether he will come is not clear.It is not important who will go.37.I want to know what he has told you.38.The question is whether she should have a low o
23、pinion of the test?39.It looks as if it is going to rain.40.Its a pity that you should have to leave 41.He is young but he works hard.42.He works hard,so he is a top student of class 42.Hurry up,or well be late.44.We rarely stay in hotels,for we cant afford it 45.Some new computers were stolen last
24、night.46.者诊治全面负责严禁推诿贻误病情住院医师主治医师首诊医师主任医师按手术分级管理制度住院医师可单独完成的手术是一级手术二级手术三级手术四级手术根据分级护理制度生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者应实行护理特级细记录并与医师校对药品复诵一遍并与医师校对药品病区值班需有一二三线值班其中三线值班人员可以是住院医师主治医师主治医师副主任医师主治医师及以上主任医师副主任医师除急危重病人外医嘱一般在上班后小时内开出在各报告后应在内完成报告分析评估汇报上级医师科主任作出抢救治疗措施并做好记录分钟分钟分钟分钟输血量一次超过时需履行报批手续二填空题每空分共分住院患者抗菌药物使用率不超过门诊患者抗菌药
25、物处方比例不超过抗菌药物factory.47.It should be done at once.48.He was seen to come in.49.Lily was given a sticker by Jack 50.Is a car being driven now?二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well.Im fine,but tired.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.August is the hot
26、test month here.It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.We have a lot of machines on the farm.A
27、lthough the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him.But he employs more men for the harvest.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.It doesnt often rain in the summer here.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden.Every evening we pump water from a well.It then runs along
28、 channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time.These parties often make us very happy.We cook meat on an open fire outside.Its great!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion.Some of my friends drink beer
29、.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party.In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States.There are five different time areas in the States.In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.How many different time areas do you have in China?Well,I must stop an
30、d get some sleep.Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空：者诊治全面负责严禁推诿贻误病情住院医师主治医师首诊医师主任医师按手术分级管理制度住院医师可单独完成的手术是一级手术二级手术三级手术四级手术根据分级护理制度生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者应实行护理特级细记录并与医师校对药品复诵一遍并与医师校对药品病区值班需有一二三线值班其中三线值班人员可以是住院医师主治医师主治医师副主任医师主治医师及以上主任医师副主任医师除急危重病人外医嘱一般在上班后小时内开出在各报告后应在内完成报告分析评估汇报上级医师科主任作出抢救治疗措
31、施并做好记录分钟分钟分钟分钟输血量一次超过时需履行报批手续二填空题每空分共分住院患者抗菌药物使用率不超过门诊患者抗菌药物处方比例不超过抗菌药物()1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here nowC.The man who is here now D.The man is here now 2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and cold D.were wet and cold()3.The apple tasted _.A.sw
32、eets B.sweetlyC.nicely D.sweet()4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.diedC.dyed D.deaded()6._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crow
33、dingC.crowded D.crowdedly()8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is()9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being lookedD.was looked()10.I will never forget the day _I joined the army.A.that B.when C.in which D.where 1.That morning we talked a great deal.2.2The meetin
34、g will last two hours.3.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4.This box weighs five kilos.5.I lived in Beijing five years ago.6.I want to talk with you this afternoon.7.They have carried out the plan successfully.8.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.9.Ji
35、m cannot dress himself.者诊治全面负责严禁推诿贻误病情住院医师主治医师首诊医师主任医师按手术分级管理制度住院医师可单独完成的手术是一级手术二级手术三级手术四级手术根据分级护理制度生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者应实行护理特级细记录并与医师校对药品复诵一遍并与医师校对药品病区值班需有一二三线值班其中三线值班人员可以是住院医师主治医师主治医师副主任医师主治医师及以上主任医师副主任医师除急危重病人外医嘱一般在上班后小时内开出在各报告后应在内完成报告分析评估汇报上级医师科主任作出抢救治疗措施并做好记录分钟分钟分钟分钟输血量一次超过时需履行报批手续二填空题每空分共分住院患者抗菌药
36、物使用率不超过门诊患者抗菌药物处方比例不超过抗菌药物10.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.11.He did not know what to say.12.Mrs Brown looks very healthy.13At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.14.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.15The report sounds interesting.15.Mr Johnson taught us
37、German last year16Grandma told me an interesting story last night.17.Would you please pass me the dictionary?18 He showed the ticket to the conductor.19.We call her Alice.20All of us considered him honest.21They have set the thief free.22.We will make our school more beautiful.23He asked us to join
38、in the game 24.Tomorrow I ll have someone repair the machine.25.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.26.Ill get my recorder mended.27She is listening to someone telling stories.28He felt it very difficult to talk with you.29I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.30The
39、school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.4There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.5The weatherman says there ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.6The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.7There used to be a cinema here before the war.8There happened to
40、be nobody in the room.9Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.10There comes the bus.11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.12In front of the cave,there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.13There goes the bell.14There are twenty-eight days in February 者诊治全面负责严禁推诿贻误病情住院医师主治医师首诊医师主任医师按手术分级管理制度住院医师可单独完成的手术是一级手术二级手术三级手术四级手术根据分级护理制度生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者应实行护理特级细记录并与医师校对药品复诵一遍并与医师校对药品病区值班需有一二三线值班其中三线值班人员可以是住院医师主治医师主治医师副主任医师主治医师及以上主任医师副主任医师除急危重病人外医嘱一般在上班后小时内开出在各报告后应在内完成报告分析评估汇报上级医师科主任作出抢救治疗措施并做好记录分钟分钟分钟分钟输血量一次超过时需履行报批手续二填空题每空分共分住院患者抗菌药物使用率不超过门诊患者抗菌药物处方比例不超过抗菌药物