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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 英语句子成分和句子结构学案 一、句子成分 1.主语（subject）:是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是什么人或“什么事”。判断下列句子的主语由什么充当 The sun rises in the east.（）He likes dancing.（）Seeing is beli eving.（）To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）2.谓语（predicate）:是对主语
2、动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。We study English.He is asleep.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。（1）判断下列句子的表语由什么充当 He is a teacher.（）Seventy-four!You don t look it.（）Five and five is ten.（）He is asleep.（）His father is in.（）The picture is on the wall.()My watch is gone/missing/lost.（）To
3、 wear a flower is to say“Im poor,I can t buy a ring.（）The question is whether they will come.（）（2）系动词的类型 状态系动词 be 持续系动词 keep,remain,stay,lie,stand 感官系动词 seem,appear,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.终止系动词 prove,turn out,4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾 判断下列句子的宾语由什么充当 I like Chi
4、na.（）He hates you.（）How many do you need?We need two.（）We should help the old and the poor.（）I enjoy working with you.（）I hope to see you again.（）Did you write down what he said?（）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book
5、yesterday.Give the poor man some money.5.宾补：某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。判断下列句子的表语由什么充当 We elected him monitor.（）We will make them happy.（）We found nobody in.()Please make yourself at home.（）Dont let him do that.（）Dont keep the lights burning.（）Ill have my bike repaired.（）6.主补：对主语的补充。He
6、 was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。判断下列句子的定语由什么充当 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（）He is our friend.（）学习必备 欢迎下载 We belong to the third world.（）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（）The man ove
7、r there is my old friend.()The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.()The boys playing football are in Class 2.（）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（）I have an idea to do it well.（）You should do everything I do.（）8.状语：用来修饰 v.,adj.,adv.或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。找出下列句子中的状语，并
8、判断由什么来充当：I will go there tomorrow.（）The meeting will be held in the meeting room.（）The meat went bad because of the hot weather.（）He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.（）He goes to school by bike.（）If you study hard,you will pass the exam.()Though he is young,he can do it well.()二|、句子结构
9、简单句的五个基本句型 1.主语 _ She came/My head aches.翻译：1）五年前我住在北京。2）在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。2.主语 _ She likes English.1）Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。2）你们必须在两周内看完这些书。3）我们大家都相信 Jack 是一个诚实男孩。3.主语_ She is happy 1）这个报告听起来很有意思 2）她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。4.主语十_ She gave John a book 1）他把车票给列车员看 2）我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？5.主语_ She makes her mother angry 1）他们
10、把小偷释放了。2）学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。Exercises 分析下列句子成分 1.It is a great pleasure to talk with you 2.All of us considered him honest.3.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.4.He made it clear that he would leave the city 5.Trees turn green when spring comes.6.Grandma told me an interesting story la
11、st night.7.Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.8.The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 9.There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him 10.No matter how difficult the task may be,we must fulfill it this month.是什么人或什么事判断下列句子的主语由什么充当谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明指出做什么是什么或怎么样表语系动词之后的成分用来说明主语的身份性质品性特征和状态的判断下列句子的表语由什么充当系动词的类型状词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语意思才完整宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语判断下列句子的表语由什么充当主补对主语的补充定语修饰或限制名词或代词的程度条件方式和让步找出下列句子中的状语并判断由什么来充当二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语翻译五年前我住在北京在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化主语还不会自己穿衣服你们必须在两周内看完这些书我们