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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 I.一般过去时 一般过去时：在过去发生的动作，现在已经结束。基本用法：1.过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。表示过去时间的时间状语：last+时间、时间+ago、yesterday、just now、the other day、once upon a time、at that time、then 2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，可与频度副词 always、usually、often 等连用。表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用动词过去式外，还可以用 used to do sth、would do sth 3.表示说话人始料未及的事情 I didn t know it
2、was you.I never thought you would bring me a gift.4.宾语从句时态：主现从 、主过从 5.表示已去世者的情况或过去的历史。II.现在完成时 一 基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词(done)二 句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money(s
3、o far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从 以来）since+时段+ago 学习必备 欢迎下载 主句（现在完成时）since+从句（一般过去时）主完从过 It is/has been+时段+sin
4、ce+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.It is+第几次（the first time）that+句子（现在完成时）四 has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别 Have/Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has
5、been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months./since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以 already,just和 yet 为标志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。already 与 yet 的区别：句型 在句中的位置
6、*以 ever 和 never 为标志 或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在
7、所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志,once,twice,three times,several times He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以 so far=by now（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他
8、已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。*for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志 注意：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go,leave,join）不能直接与 for since 连用。要改变为延续性动词 buy-have、borrow-keep、come/arrive/reach/get to-be in、go out-be out、leave-be away
9、 begin-be on、finish-be over、open-be open、close-be closed、die-be dead 与现在有关的过去点时间 recently,lately,already,yet,before,still 六.注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday,last week,three years ago 等;或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯
10、定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 2)不能与 when连用 3)现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 七总结现在完成时的时间状语 1 与现在有关的过去点时间 recently,lately,already,yet,befo
11、re,still 2 与现在有关的频度时间 ever,never,once,twice,three times,several times,often,seldom,always,time and time again 3 与过去有关的现在点时间 just,now,today,tonight,this week,this year this morning,this afternoon,this evening,this month,this May,this October,this November 1 若想强调动作从何时开始(ever)since 2 若想强调动作持续了多久 for(a
12、day,several months,many years,how long)for(two hours,six months,quite a long time)3 若想强调整体的时间 all(morning,night,day,year,these years,my life)all(the while,these days,these ten days)4 若想强调与过去有关到现在的一段时间 up to now,up to the present,till now,until now,so far,by nowin the last few years,in the past 30 ye
13、ars,these days,these weeks,these years III.过去完成时 过去完成时:had done 一基本用法 1.过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时必须有过去的另一时间作参照，是否表达“过去的过去”经常要根据上下文来判断。2.表示愿望、打算类的词，如 hope、expect、mean、intend、want、think 等，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图等。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.二过去完成时的句型 1.主语+过去完成时+when 引导的从句（过去式）2.主语+过去完成时+by+过去的时间点/by
14、 the end of+过去的时间点 3.主语+过去完成时+by the time 引导的从句（过去式）4.主语+过去完成时+before引导的从句（过去式）/before+过去的时间点 5.no sooner+主句（过去完成时）than+从句（一般过去时）=hardly(scarcely)+主句（过去完成时）when+从句（一般过去时）：“一就”注意：no sooner/hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句要倒装 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had we gotten there when it
15、 began to rain.6.It was+时间段+since+从句（过去完成时）7.It was+第几次（the first time）that+句子（过去完成时）三过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子
16、君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 现在有关。过去完成时表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。IV.将来完成时 shall/will have done 一 构成形式 第一人称：will/shall have done 其他人称：will have done 二用法：将来完成时表示在将
17、来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作 三将来完成时的句型 主语+将来完成时+before/by/by the end of+将来时间 主语+将来完成时+before/by the time+从句（一般现在时）课堂练习（2011-高考北京卷）That must have been a long trip.Yeah,it us a whole week to get there.A.takes B.has taken C.took D.was taking Bob has gone to California.Oh,can you tell me when he?A.has left B.lef
18、t C.is leaving D.would leave The fact that so many people still smoke in public places that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A.suggest B.suggests C.suggested D.suggesting What a mistake!Yes.I his doing it another way,but without success.A.was suggesting B.
19、will suggest C.would suggest D.had suggested By the end of this year,I enough money for a holiday.A.will save B.will be saving C.will have saved D.have saved It is the most instructive lecture that I since I came to this school.A.attended B.had attended C.am attending D.have attended Tommy is planni
20、ng to buy a car.I know.By next month,he enough for a used one.或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过
21、去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 A.saves B.saved C.will save D.will have saved Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.knew .have known .must know .will know He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?.already .never .ever .still Have you met Mr.Li
22、 _？.just .ago .before .a moment ago The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.is writing .was writing .wrote .has written Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has changed;well .changed;good.has changed;better .changed;better On her next birthday,Ann married for twenty
23、years.A.is B.has been C.will be D.will have been Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No.I (read)the book,so I already knew the story.Before I realized that what I said at the meeting did hurt him,he (drive)away without a word.Experiments of this kind in both the US and Europe well before th
24、e Second World War.A.have conducted B.have been conducted C.had conducted D.had been conducted I have been studying here for four years,by next summer I .A.shall graduate B.shall be graduated C.shall be graduating D.shall have graduated I hope her health greatly by the time we come back next year.A.
25、improves B.improved C.will be improved D.will have improved We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know .had known .have known .knew Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现
26、在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 .will see .have seen .saw .see These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When _ there?.will they
27、go .did they go .do they go .have they gone _ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished .Have;done;finished .Have;done;have finished .will;do;finish How long have you _ here?About two months.been .gone .come .arrived Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.has begun .had begun .has
28、 been on .began It _ ten years since he left the army.is .has .will .was Miss Green isnt in the office.she _ to the library.has gone .went .will go .has been My parents _ Shandong for ten years.have been in .have been to .have gone to .have been The students have cleaned the classroom,?A.so they B.d
29、ont they C.have they D.haven t they has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university Are you going to Rich
30、ards birthday party?Yes.By then I my homework.A.had finished B.will have finished C.would have finished D.finished I suppose by the time I come back in ten years time all these old house down.A.will have been pulled B.will be pulling C.will have pulled D.will be pulled I hope that they the road by t
31、he time we come back.A.will have repaired B.would have repaired 或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从
32、句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 C.have repaired D.repair By the time Jane gets home his aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.have left I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.I know.By next month,he _ enough fo
33、r a used one.A.will have saved B.will be saving C.has saved D.Saves The pen I I is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;ca
34、me D.had left;would come They asked me to have a drink with them.I said that it was at least ten years since I a good drink.A.had enjoyed B.was enjoying C.enjoyed D.had been enjoying Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I (hope)to,but I had an unexpected visitor.John,a friend of mine,who got married o
35、nly last week,spent$3,000 more than he _ for the wedding.A.will plan B.has planned C.would plan D.had planned I was giving a talk to a large group of people,the same talk I _ to half a dozen other groups.A.was giving B.am giving C.had given D.have given 或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连
36、用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 Father for London on business upo
37、n my arrival,so I didnt see him.A.has left B.left C.was leaving D.had left She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A.would change B.has changed C.changed D.was changing He _ to spend the important day with us last Sunday,but he was too busy then.A.hoped B.ha
38、s hoped C.had hoped D.would hoped When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A.started;had already hidden B.had started;had already hidden C.had started;was hiding D.was starting;hid Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people _ to enj
39、oy the advantages of this new technology.A.begin B.began C.have begun D.had begun Oh,is that you,Bob?Err.yes.Ah,youre Mary.Sorry I _ you.We havent seen each other for ten years,have we?A.didn t recognize B.hadnt recognized C.haven t recognized D.don t recognize He asked me _ during the summer holida
40、ys.A.where I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I been D.where had I gone What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A.did,do B.has,done C did,did.D.had,done I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A.learned B.was learning C.had learned D.learnt By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I _
41、 the dinner already.A had cooked B.cooked C.have cooked D.was cooked She said she _ the principle already 或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发
42、生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 A.has seen B.saw C.will see D.had seen By the time he was ten years old,he _.A.has completed university B.has completed the university C.had completed an university D.had completed
43、university She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A.for B.in C.by D.at By the end of last week,they _ the bridge.A.has completed B.completed C.will complete D.had completed Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A.was left B.had left C.has left D.left The students _ the
44、ir classroom when the visitors arrived.A.have cleaned B.had cleaned C.was cleaned D.have been cleaned Fergie_ the project in one hour.A.have finished B.will finish C.finishes D.has finished The man _ his coat and went out.A.put on B.had put on C.will put on D.was putting on My mother_ in that factor
45、y at the age of 18.A.had worked B.has worked C.worked D.works 课后作业 或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过
46、时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载 答案：B C C A B B “by+时间”的时态 “by+时间”意为“不迟于(=not later than)”；“一到(=as soon as)”；“当某时候到了=when(the time in dicated)comes”；“到时为止”等。时间上有过去、现在和将来之别。动词本身有动作与状态之分，其时态可为一般式、完成式、进行式或完成进行式。现分述如下：1、“by时间”与动作性强的动词连用时，主句多用于完成式。by 后的时间可指现
47、在、过去或将来时间点。如：By the time he was fourteen year sold，he （learn）maths all by himself.到 14 岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。I (finish)it by the time you come back.你回来以前我就把它做完了。2、“by+时间”与表状态的动词连用多用于一般式。by 后时间可为现在、过去或将来时。如：You can borrow my camera,but I must have it back by five oclock.我的照像机你可以借去用，但是五点以前一定要还我。或存在的状态表示过去时间的
48、时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示过去的习惯性动作除了用动词过去式外还可以用表示说话人始料未及的事情宾语从句时态主现从主过从表示已去世者的词其他简略答语主语肯定主语否定三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果含义是现在我没有钱花了含义郭子君现在在这儿含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻自从以来时学习必备欢迎下载主句现在完成时从句一般过去时主完从过时段从句过去时第几次句子现在完成时四的区别去了现在不在说话现场去过已不在去过的地方呆了多久还在所呆的地方五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之学习必备 欢迎下载
49、By the time that the security guards had realized what was happening,the gang were already inside the bank.等到保卫人员明白过来发生了什么事时，那一伙强盗已经进了银行。He ought to be here by this time/by now.他此刻（现在）应该已经来到这里了。如强调某状态在某时间前已经完成，也常用完成式。如：By next Sunday you will have stayed with us for three months.至下星期日为止，你将与我们相聚三个月了。
50、3、“by时间”与祈使句连用，用于一般式。如：Please finish the task by the end of the month.请在月底前完成这项任务。Be here by this time tomorrow.明天这个时候要到这儿。4、如强调某状态或动作在某时间为止还要继续下去，还可用完成进行式。如：By the time you graduate,I shall have been working here for five years.到了你毕业时，我就在此地一直工作了五年之久。或存在的状态表示过去时间的时间状语时间时间表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态可与频度副词等连用表示