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1、 语法讲义-中考常考同义词辨析(1)【课内重点】1. because,since as,for这四个词都是表示原的原因的因或推理的连接词，在语气上由强至弱依次为becausesinceasforbecause表示直接的，必然的原因；回答why的提问时，必须用because作答。as众所周知的，客观真理性的原因。since稍加分析，对自己已知的原因，翻译为 “既然”。forFor前用逗号，间接地，推测的原因，起补充说明作用。1) We stayed at home it rained.2) He,b was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone
2、.3) everyone is here, Let us start.4) There must be nobody in the classroom, the light is off.2. take,spend,cost,pay,buy1) I two hours this maths problems.2) They two years building this bridge3) I have to them 20 pounds this room each year4) The car him around ten thousand US dollars5) It them thre
3、e years to build this road6) Repairing this car him the whole afternoon7) I bought it 20 yuan.3. look for,find, find outlook for 寻找，强调动作；find找到，强调结果；find out 查明真相，弄清缘由，强调经过一番努力最后得到的一种结果。1） He is his pen2） He it everywhere but he could not it3） Finally the police who killed the doctor.4. sometimes, s
4、ome time,sometime, some timessometimes= at times 有时（副词短语）some time 一些时间（名词短语）sometime 某个时候（副词可用于一般过去时和将来时）some times=several times 几次，数倍1） we are busy but we are not2） I will be away for 3） You can hand in your homework before Friday4） I have been to the Green Wall 5） Kate will be back in February6）
5、 Our school is larger than theirs7） Joan goes to school on foot,but by bike8） I need to finish my homework9） My house is bigger than hers10) I hope to go abroad in 5 years5.have been to,have been in,have gone tohave been to去了已经回来了I have been to Beijing.Have you ever been there?have gone to去了还没回来-Hav
6、e you seen Maria? I can not find her.-She has gone to the library.have been in待在某地多久了-How long have you been in Shenzhen?-I have been in Shenzhen for 10 years.1) The manager Paris for three times.2) His father the United States for three years3) Where have you ? Jenny is looking for you, now she the
7、 playground4) Neither she nor I the Great Wall before5) Have you ever the farm6) -where has John ?-To the library. He for an hour7） -Is that Jack speaking? -Sorry, he is not in right now.He the cinema with his aunt8) -I hear your father Japan once. -Yes, he went there last year9) -Do you often go to
8、 Shanghai? -Yes, I there three times since Christmas10)-Where is Ken? -He is not here now. He HangZhou6. bring ,take, carry,fetch bring,带来，拿来 take ,带走，与bring相对 carry 运载，携带，运送的方式很多，可以用车，船也可以用手甚至用头 fetch 去拿来=（go and bring)Please take these books to the library for me.They are carrying some painting to
9、 the art galleryPlease wait a minute. He has just gone out to fetch some waterBring you book to the party.7. be made of, be made from, be made in, be made into,be made up of1) The caps are made Russia2) Chair is made wood3) Bread is made corn4) Water was made Oxygen and Hydrogen5) This piece of wood
10、 will be made a small bench.【课外扩充】8. gather round,gather in ,gather up,gather fromgather round 表示聚集在.周围；聚集在一起gather in表示收获庄稼。gather up 表示收拾起来，抱起来。gather from表示从.中推测，从.中推想，后面与that 从句连用1) I waited while he his papers2) Can you all ? I have something to tell you3) I your letter that ou are not enjoying
11、 your job4) It was late August and the harvest had been safely . 9. identical, alike,resembleidentical adj 指同一人或物时，表示同一的，可以与same互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时，表示完全一样的。Her dress is almost identical to minealike adj 常作表语，表示在外表，性格或品质等方面几乎相同。My sister and I do not look likeresemble v看起来像The plant resembles grass in
12、appearance.10. award,reward, grant,present award sb sth 授予某人某物 reward sb with sth 用某物酬谢某人，须要加with grant 同意；答应（请求） present 颁发，赠送 present sb with sth1） The principle will present the diplomas.校长将颁发文凭。2） Our class presented the school with a picture3） The firm granted him a pension 公司同意给予他退休金4） They aw
13、arded John the first prize5） They rewarded the boy with $5 for bring back the lost dog11. respectable,respectful,respective,respectingrespectable,值得尊敬的，品行端正的respectful,有礼貌的，表示尊敬的respective,分别的，各自的respecting,关于，说到1) He is a highly respectable man2) The onlookers stood at a respectful distance3) They
14、are each recognized specialists in their respective fields4) The police have known some information respecting the childs whereabouts【课堂跟踪练习】 题组A一，选词填空 spend pay take cost 1. It Tony half an hour to finish the homework yesterday2. Marys mother two hours cleaning their house every day3. Your computer
15、 is nice.How much did you for it4. The dress her 100yuan5. Mr.Johnson his new car for $2000.sometimes some time sometime some times6. He has watched the movie . It is very interesting7. Tom goes to school by bike,and by bus8. Harry up,Ann has waited for us 9. I saw him yesterday10. He goes to sese h
16、is grandparents and stays with them for because because of since for11. Why dont you attend the meeting? I was ill in bed12. It is going to rain, there are lots of heavy clouds in the sky13. John did not go to school he had to take care of his sick mother14. Tony did not go to work his illness15. ev
17、eryone is here, lets begin our meetingborrow lend keep16. Why didnt you my car?17. How long may I the book18. Can you your dictionary to me?19. May I your bike?Sorry, I have it to Poly20. I a book from the library, and I for two dayshave been to have been in have gone to21. My mother never to Beijin
18、g22. The young expert just to Japan. He isnt here now23. Mr.Li the library.H e will come back in an hour24. Mike this school for ten years. He knows everyone here25. Last week he told me he America twice.But in fact, he has never been therebring take carry fetch26. It is going to rain later on. The
19、raincoat with you27. They the heavy box onto the truck now28. Lily some beautiful photos with her yesterday and showed them to us29. The waiter some apples for me30. that box and it with you, or if it is too heavy for you to it, I will send Joe to it. 题组B1. That yellow purse her 25 dollars.A. cost B
20、.spent C.took D.paid2. The meeting has been unit next Wednesday afternoon.A. put off B.put out C.put on D.put up3. It me a whole week to go over all the subjects of this termA. Cost B.Spent C.took D.made4. Do you think this shirt real silkA. is made of B.is made from C.is made up of D.is made into5.
21、 The litter boy likes to his knowledge in front of visitorsA. give off B.show C.show off D.put off6. The man the factory is from BeijingA. in charge of B.in the charge of C.is in charge of D.is in the charge of7. I can get into the office because I my keys at homeA. forget B.leave C.have forgot D.ha
22、ve left8.Mr.Lee that he would join us in the football game tomorrowA.said B.talked C.spoke D.told9.I will go on a business trip, now I am surfing the internet to hotelsA.search for B.find out C.find D.look for10.How much did your mother this 42liquid crystal TVA.pay for B.spend C.cost D.buy11.George
23、s parents were worried that he two much time chatting on lineA.Spent B.Cost C.paid D.had12.Miss Carol her voice when some students noises in her classA.rose, made B.raised,made C.was raised,had D.was risen, were made13.Mary me in surprise, with her mouth wide openA.looked like B.looked at C.looked f
24、or D.looked out of14.The scientist di a lot of experiments to how the bees pass passagesA.find B.find out C.see D.watch15.The policemen tried their best to search the three men who han robbed the bankA.with B.of C.for D.from16.Your computer will without ny anti-virus softwareA.go wrong B.go ahead C.
25、go back D.go over17.The suspect, Brown, fifty thousand dollars for a diamond ring with fake notesA.spent B.cost C.bought D.paid18.I have many hobbies, , Im keen on listening to pop musicA.like B.as C.such as D.for example19.Who was the first one A.to reach B.to arrive C to get to D.to arrive at20. E
26、nglish, we study Chinese,maths,physics and chemistry.A.Except B.Besides C.Beside D.As【课外巩固练习】1. You should praise your son. ,he works harder than before.A. After all B.Above all C.As a result D.First of all2. -Where is Mr.Lee？ I have something important to tell him-You find him.He JapanA. wont, has
27、gone to B.may not, has been toC.may, has gone to D.cant, has been to3. A university is an educational institution which degree and carries out researchA. rewards B.awards C grants D.presents4. I am afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It is only a copy and so it is A. priceless B.invaluable C.unw
28、orthy D.worthless5. We all knew the very that the plan would failA. outcome B.outset C.income D.output6. Our attitude toward our teachers should be ,but not slavish or superstitiousA. respectable B.respecting C.respectful D.respective7. Ben has not the least of giving up his researchA. intention B a
29、ttempt C.aim D.desire8. One of the advantage of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good A. scenery B.scene C.view D.look9. -Excuse me, may I ask you some questions? - Sorry, I am too busy and havent even a minute to A. spend B.spare C.share D.stop10. Shopping-centres provid
30、e us with a large of goods to choose fromA. type B.range C.variety D.sorts11.The food in this restaurant is very nice. , the price is not highA.In addition B.As well as C.Beside D.Except12.How long did it to build this large bridge?A.cost B.spend C.take D.pay13.Could your do me a and take a photo fo
31、r all of usA.hand B.favour C.help D.promise14.Here are you test papers,children.Who would like to help me ?A.turn them out B,give them out C.put them out D.let them out15.The ship half an hour earlier, so Bush failed to catched itA.set out B.set up C.come out D.come up16.There is going to be a sport
32、s meeting next week.What event are you going to ?A.join B.attend C.take part D.enter for17.Sam $200 for the I-pod NanoA.spent B.paid C.took D.cost.18.The litter boy is clever enough to the timeA.say B.tell C.talk D.speak19.All the street lights because of the power cut last nightA.put down B.put off C. Went down D.went off20.The technician told us that this machine more than 500 partsA.was made by B.was made of C.was made from D.was made up of