2023外研版七年级英语下册知识点讲解.docx

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1、2023外研版七年级英语下册学问点讲解Module 1一、词汇1. 辨析 watch, look, look at 与 seewatch是及物动词,意思是“观看;凝视”,常用来指看电视、看球赛、看戏等。look为不及物动词,单独运用, 用以引起对方的留意。look at是由动词look和介词at组成的词组,后面可以带宾语,侧重“看”的动作。see 为及物动词,意为“望见”,侧重“看”的结果。2. call v.打电话call sb.给打电话call +某人+ at +电话号码(用这个号码打电话给某人)eg: Please call John at 035-7328.请打找约翰。称呼 eg: T

2、hey call me Tina他们叫我蒂娜。3. 辨析 every day 和 everydayevery day是副词词组,在句子中间做状语,表示“每天,每天”。eg: We speak English everyday.everyday是形容词,在句子中只做定语,表示“日常的,每天的”。eg: Let s learn some everyday English.4. 辨析 everyone 和 every oneeveryone意为“每个人”,只指人,不指物,不与of短语连用。Everyone在句中作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人 称单数形式。eg: Is everyone here tod

3、ay 今日大家都来了吗?every one既可以指人,也可以指物,可与介词of连用。eg: Every one of us has a chance to speak at the meeting.我们每个人都有机会在会上发言。5. 辨析 look for 与 findlook for意为“找寻”,指有目的的找,强调“找寻”这一动作。eg: What are you looking for 你在找什么?r m looking for my bike.我在找我的自行车。find意为“找到;发觉”,强调“找”的结果,其宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。eg: r m looking for my ba

4、g, but I can t find it.我找我的书包,但我没找到。6. 辨析 talk, speak, tell 与 saytalk意为“谈话;讲话”,假如只有一方对另一方说话时,一般用talk to,假如双方或多方交谈时,多用talk with。 speak意为“说话;讲话”,后面常接语言。speak to意为“和,,谈话、讲话” tell意为“告知;讲解并描述。tell sb. sth.告知某人某事tell sb. to do sth ,告知某人去做某事tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人不要做某事say意为“说”,后常跟说话内容。二、短语1. lost and f

5、ound boxlost和found分别是动词lose和find的过去分词形式,过去分词可以修饰名词作定语,lost在这里意为“丢失的”, found意为“找到的”,它们作定语修饰名词boxo2. look for 找寻由于for是介词,所以后面要接名词或代词作宾语,look for sth.意为“找寻某物”,运用时留意,look for不能 分开运用。eg: They are looking for their phones, cameras, watches, computers and many other things.他6 正在找寻他们的电话、照相机、手表、电脑和其他很多东西。 留意

6、:find强调“找”的结果,而look for强 调“找”的过程。eg: I m looking for my watch, but can t find it.我在找我的手表,但是找不到.often take the bus to school. 2.方位介词用法总结over, above和on的用法over指在,,的正上方,表示垂直在上。eg: There is a lamp over the desk.桌子上方有一个灯泡。above指在上方,属于斜上方。eg: Raise your arms above your head.把手臂举到头上。on指在上面,表示两物体接触。eg: There

7、 is a cup on the table,桌子上有一个杯子。3. ) under / below 的用法:under在,“下面/正下方.eg: Whats under your desk 桌子下面是什么?below在,,”斜下方eg: Her skirt came below her knees.她的裙子跑到了膝盖上面。in和on表示“在,上”门一类一一镶嵌在墙里的,用in,字画一类一一挂在墙面上的,用。n.鸟一类落在树上的,用in;苹果一类长在树上的,用。n.(4) in /on/ to表示方位in表示在某范围之内;to表示在某范围之外;on表示“邻”、“接壤”。eg: Shanghai

8、 lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国东部。Mongolia(蒙古国)lies on the north of China.蒙古人民共和国位于中国北部。at, in表示“在,/at 表示较小的地点。eg: at the bus stop/at homein表示较大的地点。eg: in China/in the world(6) in front of 和 in the front ofin front of表示“在,,之前”(范围外)。eg: There are some trees

9、 in front of the classroom.教室前面有几棵树。in the front of表示“在,,的前部”(范围内)eg: There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.黑板在教室的前面。(7) through / across 通过,穿过across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关,为二维through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维。Module 7一、单词1. born adj.天生的,生来的eg: He is a born writer,他是一位天生的作家。be born in +时间/地点诞生于

10、某年或某月/某地eg: He was born in 1998 / in Guilin. 他诞生在 1998 年/桂林。be born on +诞生于某日eg: He was born on the May 15th. 他诞生在五月 15 日。2. strict adj.严格的,严厉的be strict with sb.对某人要求严格eg: Teachers must be strict with their students.老师必需对学生严格。be strict in sth. 对某事(工作、学习等)严格要求eg: Students must be strict in their stud

11、y. 学生应当对自己的学习严格要求。3. friendly adj. 友好的be friendly to sb.对某人友好eg: Our teachers are friendly to us.我们老师对我们很友好。unfriendly 不友好的eg: The girl is unfriendly to others.那个女生对人不友善。4. quite adv.特别,相当,可修饰形容词、副词或动词。eg: It s quite cold outside.现在外面好冷。He quite likes maths.他特别宠爱数学。quite + a/ an +形容词+名词eg: quite a c

12、lever boy 相当聪慧的一个男孩5. difficult adj.困难的,不易相处的 名词形式:difficulty(不行数名词)eg: We found the station without any difficulty.我们毫不费劲地找到了车站。 have difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难,difficulty 前面可以加 some、great much、little、no 等词修饰。 haveeg: Shedifficultyhas difficulty in answering the hard question.with sth.在某方面有困难她

13、无法回答出这个问题。eg:6. last adj.最终的,最近的eg: the last monthv.持续eg: The meeting will last (for) three hours.of the year一年的最终一个月会议持续了三个小时。last n.最终,最终的人一 扇五、Mil口1. go back 回去2. come back 回来eg: He was the last to comeeg: Let s all go back to school.eg: He will come back in ato school.他是最终一个来学校的人。我们都返回学校吧。week.他

14、下星期回来。have difficulty with English.我学习英语有困难。三、句型1. 不定式to do作后置定语在英语中,不定式放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。eg: There were lots of things to do there.那里有好多事情要做。There are some shoes to wash.有很多鞋要洗。I have many2. What be sb.students to teach.我有很多学生要教。你的姐姐是个怎样的人?她很羞涩/宁静/外向。 用于询问人的外表特征卜长相)be like用于询问某人是什么样的人?(性格)

15、eg: What is your elder sister likeShe is shy / quiet / outgoing.3. What do /does sb. look like你的弟弟什么样?He is very tall.他很高。was great to play there. 去eg: What does your younger brother look like4. It is /was + 形容词 + to do sth.做某事是eg: It那里玩太棒了。四、语法1.一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示

16、过去常 常或反复发生的动作。(1)动词过去式变更规则:一般在动词末尾如加ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked不发音的字母e结尾的单词末尾加d,如:taste-tasted hope-hoped末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ed,如:stop-stopped以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed, $EI: study-studied不规则动词过去式:am/is-wasare-wereget- got sing-sang fly-flew bring-brought feel-felt (learned) leave-lef

17、t take-took teach-taught(2)句子结构:go-wentput-putride-rodecan-couldcome-camemake-madespeak-spokecut-cutdo-did have-hadworry-worriedsee-saweat-ateread-readsweep-sweptwrite-wrotebuy-boughtsay-saidtake-tookdraw-drewswim-swamfind-foundforget-forgotlet-lettell-toldlose-lostwrite-wrotebecome-becamehear-heard

18、meet-metthink-thoughtkeep-keptread-readbegin-beganknow-knewgive-gave run-ran drink-dranksit-sat draw-drew learn-learntsleep-sleptspeak-spoke一般过去时的助动词did陈述句主语+动词过去式+其他主语+was/were not+其他主语+didn t +动词原形+其他一般疑问句be/助动词did提到主语前Was/Were+主语+其他Yes, 主语+did./No,主语+didn t.Did+主语+动词原形+其他特别疑问句特别疑问词+一般疑问句eg: What

19、did Jim do yesterday Who went tohome yesterday (3)常用时间状语yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/night/month/year时间段+ago 多 久以前after+时间点=时间段+later 多久以后 just now 刚刚the other day前几天/不久前某天inthe past在过去in+过去时间五、学问拓展1. 英语年月日的两种表达方式:月+日+年或日+月十年eg:2023 年 5 月 1 日: May 1st 2023 或 1st May , 2023 (读作:the

20、first of May, 2023)Module 8一、单词2. once adv.曾经,一度,一次eg: We once lived in Shanghai.我们曾经在上海住过。once a month 一个月一次3. decide v.确定decide (not) to do sth. 确定(不)做某事eg: They decided (not) to tell Tom about it.他们确定(不)告知汤姆。decide + that 从句eg: Shehasdecidedthat she will be adoctor inthe future,decision n.确定 make

21、 a decision 做确定eg: Shehasmade adecision to becomea doctor.她确定成为一名医生。4. lost adj.丢失的,失去的;错过的,奢侈掉的eg: Try to find the lost key.试图找寻丢掉的那把钥匙。5. notice v.留意到,看到(感官动词)eg: I noticed he left very early.我留意到他走得早。notice sb. do sth. / notice sb. doing sth.eg: Inoticed her cryingin theroom.(正在哭)1noticed hercry

22、in the room.(哭了)6. knock v,敲,撞,碰eg: He knocked his head against the door.他把头朝着门上撞。knockon /at the door敲门knockinto 撞上7. 辨析 either, too 与 alsoeither adv.也,位于否定句句末,前面常加逗号。eg: He doesn t like running, either. 他也不宠爱跑步。too位于确定句句末,前面常加逗号。eg: He can swim , too .他也会游泳。as well位于确定句句末,前面不加逗号。eg: He can swim as

23、 well.他也会游泳。also位于确定句句中,即位于be动词、助动词、情态动词后,实义动词前。eg: He is also a student.他也是一个学生。He can also swim.他也会游泳。 He also wants to go there.他也想去那里。8. sleep v./ n.睡觉 go to sleep 入睡,睡着 have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 ei曲t hours sleep 八个小时的睡眠sleeping adj. 睡觉的(在句中作定语)eg: a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个睡着的男孩 as

24、leep adj.(在句中作表语)be / fall asleep 睡着 eg: The baby is fast asleep. 宝宝很快就睡着了。sleepy adj.困倦的,想睡觉的eg: I often feel sleepy in class.在教室里沃常常想睡觉。二、短语1. once upon a time从前,很久以前相当于long long ago,常用于讲故事的开头。eg: Once upon a time, there was a king. 很久很久以前,有一位国王。2. look around 向四周看 eg: She looked around her but sh

25、e saw nothing.她向四周看了 看,却什么也没看到。3. look into 向里面看;调查eg: The soldier looked into the house, but he found nothing.士兵朝着屋里看了看,却什么也没看到 The police are looking into the accident.警察在调查这件事情。4. pick up捡起,捡起 pick up sth. = pick sth. upsth.是名词时,可放up的前或后都可以。当sth.是代词宾格时,只能放 pick 与 up 中间。 eg: pick the pen up = pick

26、 up the penpick it/ them up5. try to do sth. 尽力做某事eg: I will try to study English well. 我努力学好英语。try doing sth. 试着做某事eg: I tried knocking on the door, but nobody answered.我试着始终敲门,可是没人应答。try sth.尝试某事物eg: Please try the delicious mooncake.尝一下美味的蛋糕吧。try one, s best to do sth.尽某人最大实力做某事eg: I will try my

27、best to get there on time.我会尽我最大的努力准时到达的。6. return sb. sth. return sth. to sb. = give back sth. to sb.把某物归还某人return to = go / come back to 回至eg: I II return to school before 5 o clock this afternoon. 下 午五点之前我将回学校。7. point at 指着(近处) eg: The girl is pointing at the table.那个女孩指着桌子。point to 指向(远处) eg: P

28、lease point to the sky. 请指向天空。Module 9一、单词1. by由(创作),出自 eg: Hamlet was by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。2. 辨析 ago 与 beforeago adv以前,(从现在算起的一段时间以前),用于一般过去时。eg: He went to visit his parents three years ago.他三年前去看过他的父母。before指某一时间点之前,用于多种时态。eg: I will come back before 8 o clock. 八点前我会回来。口诀:before常在时间点之前,ago

29、常在时间段之后。3. marry v.娶;嫁1) marry sb.嫁给/ 娶某人eg: The girl married a doctor last year.这个女孩去年嫁给了一个医生。2) marry sb. to sb.把某人嫁给某人 eg: She married her daughter to a doctor.她把女儿 嫁给了一个医生。3) be/get married to sb.与某人结婚eg: The girl was /got married to a teacher last year.这个女孩和一位医生结婚了。4. become变得,成为,连系动词,后接名词或形容词,

30、作表语。eg: He became a famous player when he was sixteen.他 16 岁的时候成为了闻名的运动员。5. successful adj.胜利的eg: I think he is a successful businessman.我认为他是一个胜利的商人。succeed v.胜利 succeed in doing sth.胜利做成某事eg: He succeeded in finishing the work.他胜利地完成了工作。success n. 胜利 eg: Failure is the mother of success. 失败是胜利之母。6

31、. die v.死,去死,其过去式为died,现在分词为dying,形容词为dead.1) die , dead , dying 区分die动词,强调“死”这一瞬间的动作,非持续性动词。eg: The old man died last week. 那个老人上周去世了。dead形容词,强调“死”的状态,意为“死的,无生命的”eg: The old man has been dead for two years.那个老人去世两周了。dying是die的现在分词,也可作形容词,意为“垂死的,临死的”eg: The dog is dying.那只狗快要死了。固定搭配:die from 由于,,而死,

32、一般用于外伤,苍老而死(外因)eg: He died from an accident.他死于车祸。die of由于,,而死,一般用于疾病,情感而死(内因)eg: My grandpa died of illness.我的爷爷因病痛而去世。7.辨析 historic 与 historicalhistoric adj.有历史意义的 eg: This is a great historic change,这是宏大的历史性转变。 historical adj.历史上的,有关历史的eg: a historical event历史事务8. worth adj.值得be worth doing 值得做,,

33、eg: The book is worth reading. 这本书值得看。be worth + n. 值,价值eg: The book is worth 20 yuan.这本书价值 20 元。一 扇;五7311. find out 发觉,查明eg: Please find out the timetable of the train.请查明火车的时刻表。2. in one s life 一生,一辈子 eg: I have visited lots of countries in my life.我这一辈去过了很多国家。3. as well as也,还有,而且 用来连接两个相同的成分,但强调的

34、重点在前面,它在连接主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上与前一项保持一样(就远原则)。eg: Tom as well as his parents goes to the park at weekends.周末,汤姆和父母起去了公园。 三、学问拓展1. 月份:一月:January 二月:February 三月:March 四月:April 五月:May 六月:June 七月:July 八 月: August 九月:September 十月: October T月:November十二月:December2. 节日: Children s Day 儿童节 National Day 国庆节 Women s

35、 Day 妇女节 New Year s Day 新年 Teachers Day 老师节 Labour s Day 劳动节 Spring Festival 春节3. at the age of在,,岁时 可位于句首或句末,相当于when引导的时间状语从句。at the age of + 基数词=when sb. be + 基数词 + years old = at + 基数词 eg: At theage of seven, she began to learn dance. = At seven, she began to learn dance. When she was seven years

36、 old, she began to learn dance.她七岁的时候起先学跳舞。4. in the +整数年+ s在世纪年头 eg: in the 1960s在十九世纪六十年头5. 复数名词全部格的构成: 规则的名词复数形式,在其后干脆加eg: girls bags女孩子们的包不规则的名词复数形式,假如不以s结尾,其全部格是在其后加seg: Children?s park 儿童公园Women s shops 妇女商店6. actor 男演员actress 女演员 an actor / actressModule 10一、单词1. meet v.迎接;遇见,碰见 ;结识,被引见介绍eg:

37、W川 you meet me at the station 你要到车站接我吗?I met him in the street. 我在街上遇见了他。Come and meet my family.来相识一下我的家人。2. excited adj.感到兴奋的、激烈的,表示人的心理感受,作表语时,主语为人。exciting adj.令人兴奋的,表示某事(物)给人的感受,作表语时,主语为物。eg: I was excited to hear the good news. 听到这个消息我很激烈。The exciting news made me feel excited.这个令人激烈的消息令我很激烈。3

38、. any adj.任何的只作定语,多用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中。后面可跟可数名词复数,也可跟不行数名词。eg: He doesn, t have any books,他没有任何书。任何一个(三者或三者以上),用于确定句中。eg: You can buy the book at any bookshop.你可以在任何一家书店买到这本书。any用作代词,意为“无论哪一个,无论哪些”eg: If any of your friends is /are interested, let me know.假如你的挚友们有谁感爱好,告知 我。4. tired adj. 疲乏的,劳累的 After

39、a day s work, I feel tired. 一天工作之后我好累。 厌倦的,厌烦的 r m tired of my boiled eggs.我厌倦了煮鸡蛋。5. relax v.放松relax sb./oneself放松某人/某人自己eg: I need a cup of tea to relax myself.我须要杯茶来放松一下。relaxing adj.令人轻松的(修饰事或物)eg: The song is relaxing.这首歌令人感到放松。relaxed adj.某人感到轻松、放松(修饰人)eg: I felt relaxed after I finished my wo

40、rk,完成工作后我感到轻松。二、学问拓展1. arriveat +sp.(、地方)eg: I arrived at thepark at eight.arrive in + sp.(大地方)eg: Tom w 川 arrive in Beijing tomorrow.get to+ sp.(地点)eg: My brother getsto the farm tohelp my mother afterschool.arrive/get + 地点副词(不带介词 at /in/to) eg: I will get /arrivehome at six o clock.2. such + a/an

41、+ 形 + 单数可数名词 eg: She is such a kind girl, such + 形 + 可数名词复数eg: He bought such beautiful flowers,so + 形/昌!)词eg: The story is so interesting that I want to read it again.He spoke so quickly that I couldn t follow him.so + 形 +a /an + 单数可数名词eg: She is so kind a girl that everyone loves her.Module 11一、单词

42、1. onlyadv.只是,仅仅 adj.唯一的,仅有的eg: I only touched it.我只是摸了它一下。John is the only boy in his family.约翰是家中唯一的男 生。2. rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的 n. rudeness eg: Don t be so rude to your father. 不要对 你的父亲如此无礼。二、短语1. put one s hands together 才已手合拢eg: In India people put their hands together.2. close to 靠近eg: I live close

43、 to a park.我住的地方靠近公园。3. arm in arm 譬挽臂地,手挽手 eg: The two girls often walk arm in arm.Handinhand 手拉手shoulder toshoulder肩并肩face to face 面对面4. move away移开/移走/搬开 eg: Move the box away.把箱子搬走。move to搬到eg: We aremoving to a biggerhouse. 我们要搬到一个大房子里。moveon 接着前进eg: Let s move on.我们接着。5. not.atall根本不,一点也不(用于疑问

44、句、否定句) eg: They don t like apples atall.他们一点也不宠爱苹果。Not at all.不用谢,别客气(回应对方感谢时的用语)eg: Thank you.-Not at all.6. in fact事实上,事实上 eg: In fact I don t know her.事实上我不相识她。7. on time准时,按时 eg: We should get there on time.我们应当准时到达那里。in time 刚好 eg: When I was hungry, my mother sent the bread to me in time.三、句型1

45、. That s because.那是因为eg: That s because you were not careful enough.那是因为你不够细心。That s because the weather was bad. 那是因为天气太糟糕了。2. How / what about (doing) sth.(做)某事怎么样?eg: How / What about swimming this afternoon下午去游泳怎么样?What / How about your school life你的校内生活怎么样?3. It is adj. (for sb.) to do sth.eg:

46、It is easy for us to learn Chinese well.对于我们来说,学习中文是特别简洁的。四、学问拓展1. 表示次数once 一次 twice两次 三次及三次以上用基数词+ times eg: threetimes 三次Module 12一、单词2. 辨析both与allboth , all位于be动词后,行为动词前。Both, all后都可跟of。both两者都 eg: My parents are both teachers.我的父母都是老师both A and B A 和 B 都是 eg: Both Peter and Jack like basketball.皮特和杰克都宠爱打篮球。all三者或三者以上都 eg: The three boys are all from China.三个男生都来自中国。 The students in our class all like PE. = All of the students in my class like PE.我们班的全 部学生都宠爱体育课。2.辨析sound, voice与noi

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