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1、高考英语定语从句知识讲解一、只用关系代词that的情况1、先行词是不定代词时【例】all,few,much,little,none,anything,everything,something,nothing,nobody等2、先行词被不定代词修饰时【例】any,few,little,no,all,much,some,every等3、先行词被the same,the very,the only,the last,just the等修饰时注意:the same.as/that的区别,前者表示同类不同物,后者指的就是本身的物。4、先行词为序数词或被先行词修饰时5、先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级
2、修饰时6、先行词既包括人又包括物时7、先行词前有疑问代词who/which/what时8、there/here句型中,句子的主语是先行词且又是指物的名词时There are three articles that I want to read.我有三篇文章要读。There is no work that needs doing/tobe done now. 没有什么工作需要做。9、先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时She isnt the woman that she was in the past.她已不是过去的她了.Our school is no longer the one tha
3、t it used to be.我们学校已不是过去的样子了。10、Its (about/high)time+定语从句时【例】Its time that you went to bed.It is high time that you should go to bed.二、介词+关系代词介词+关系代词,就是用它来代替关系副词的。那么,我们该如何确定用什么介词呢?我们可以通过三种方法来确定介词。1.根据先行词来确定【例】Ill never forget the day_ we moved to our house.同学们,不难看出,主句部分句子不缺主干成分,定语从句不缺主干成分,只缺状语,而本句话
4、的先行词为the day,它指的是时间,因此,如果本空格要是要求填一个词的话,那就必须填when这个关系副词。我们都知道,关系副词常可以用介词+关系代词来替换。定语从句部分应该为we moved to our house on the day.,因此,横线上应该填on这个介词再加关系代词which2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定【例】We thought you were a person_we could expect good decisions.根据expect sth from/of sb 期待某人某物来判断,本题的介词用from或of,又因为先行词指人,因此本题的答案为fro
5、m/of whom3.根据定语从句所表达的意义确定Water,_fish cant live,is of great importance.定语从句所要表达的意思为“没有水,鱼儿就不能生存”,因此该空格填without+which,因为先行词为air,指物。我们在使用该结构时,要格外注意介词的位置。具体而言,包括以下两点:1、一般情况下,介词既可以放在关系代词which和whom之前,又可以放在动词后。【例】It is the person_I learnt the information.=It is the person_I learnt the information from.以上两个
6、空格,我们依次填from whom和who,whom或that这三个关系代词,其中who口语中可代替whom这个宾格,that既可指人,又可指物,并且此时作为定语从句及物动词或介词宾语时,一律可省。2、固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语包括:look for/after/forward to,hear of/about,take care of等。三、关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as引导的定语从句有两种情况:1、as引导非限制性定语从句修饰一个主句as指代主句的整体概念或其中一部分概念。as位置灵活;as在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语。【例】As is known
7、to all,the earth travels around the sun.众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。She must be a southerner,as may be judged from her accent.她一定是个南方人,这可从她的口音判断出。The man is somewhat crazy,as everyone could see.这个男人有些精神错乱,这种情况大家都能看得出。2、as引导的限制性定语从句as引导的限制性定语从句主要限于以下几个结构(1)as.as.He drives as expensive a car as he can afford.他开一种他买得
8、起的昂贵的车。(2)the same.as.This is the same dress as she bought last week.这是条和她上周买的一样的连衣裙。(3)so.as.Heres so big a stone as nobody can lift.这是一块无人能搬动的大石头。(4)such.as.Such as you see is all we have.你所见到的就是我们所有的东西。He doesnt possess such a mind as is necessary to a scientist.他缺乏科学家所具备的头脑。四、关系代词whose的用法whose是关
9、系限定词,既可以指人,又可以指物,也就是说既可以表示“某人的”,又可以表示“某物的”。1.具体例句Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气从不帮助丧失勇气的人。Thats the man whose house has burned down.那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now?你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子了吗?He has written a book whose name I have completely forgotten.他写
10、了本书名我完全忘记了的书。Above the trees are the mountains,whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在森林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。2.注意点(1)正式文体中,指物时,whose可用of which代替。of which可放在被修饰词的前面或后面,但是whose只能放在被修饰词的前面作定语。【例】The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied.那间窗户破了的屋子没人住。上面这句话中的斜体部分,我们可以将其替换为:of which the windows,也可以将其替换为the windows of which(2)有时,介词后还可接whose【例】The teacher in whose class my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man.Then I had a chance to talk with her,from whose accent I at once knew that she came from Nanjing.后来我有机会和她说话,我从她的口音迅速知道她来自南京。3