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1、2021年考博英语听力原文摘要：全国医学博士英语听力分两部分：Section A和Section B，答题时 间为30分钟。听力理解分两部分：SectionA和SectionB，旨在测试考生对英 语对话的听力理解能力，要求考生能理解所听对话的中心思想和主要内容，并能 根据所听到的内容进行逻辑推理、分析概括和归纳总结。题型包括大意概括题 (Questions for the general idea )、具体细节题(Questions for specific details )和判断推理题(Questions for inference)。每个对话附3个小题， 每个小题附有4个选项，要求考生在
2、听完每个对话之后，根据所听内容于12秒 内从中选出1个最佳答案。对话及问题只读1遍。Section ADirections:In this section you will hear five passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three questions about the passage. The question will be spoken only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and
3、D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneTo remain fit and healthy, you need a balanced diet including essential vitamins and minerals. But what if your diet consists mainly of staples like rice, bread, or corn because other foods are not available
4、or essential micronutrients.Although often invisible, hidden hunger negatively impacts health and development, and ultimately, economic well-being. About one-third of the worlds population suffers from hidden hunger, mostly in developing countries. This is more than the population of Europe, the Ame
5、rica, and Australia combined.Hidden hungers impact starts early, Nutritional deficiencies during the first 1,000 days, between the start of a mothers pregnancy and the childs second birthday, impede the childs ability to properly grow, learn, and ultimately reach his or her full potential. It can be
6、 devastating for long-term health, and ultimately, societys growth and prosperity.Questions number 1618 are based on the passage youve just heard.Question number 16: What is the passage mainly about?Question number 17: Where is hidden hunger most serious in the world?Question number 18: What is the
7、effect of hidden hunger on a child?Passage TwoKatherine Stothard and colleagues from Britains Newcastle University combined data from 18 studies to look at the risk of abnormalities of babies whose mothers were obese or overweight. The study found obese women were nearly twice as likely to have a ba
8、by with neural tube defects, which are caused by the incomplete development of the brain or spinal cord. For one such defect, spina bifida, the risk more than doubled. The researchers also detected increased chances of heart defect, cleft lip and palate, water on the brain and problems in the growth
9、 of arms and legs.The World Health Organization classifies around 400 million people around the world as obese, including 20 million under the age of five, and the number is growing. Obesity raises the risks of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart problems and is a health concern piling pressure
10、on already overburdened national health system.Questions number 1921 are based on the passage youve just heard.Question number 19: What is the main topic of the passage?Question number 20: What can we learn about the birth defects in the talk?Question number 21: According to WHO, how many people are
11、 classified as obese around the world?Passage ThreeAbout 10 million people in the US alone are suffering from impairing noise-induced hearing loss. The rising trend is something that researchers and physicians at the University of Michigan Kresge Hearing Research Institute are hoping to reverse, wit
12、h a cocktail of vitamins and the mineral magnesium that has shown promise as a possible way to prevent hearing loss caused by loud noise. The nutrients were successful in laboratory tests, and now researchers are testing whether humans will benefit as well. The combination of vitamins A，C and E，plus
13、 magnesium, is given on pill form to patients who are participating in the research. The medication, called AuraQuell, is designed to be taken before a person is exposed to loud noise. The preclinical translational research that led to the formulation of AuraQuell as an effective preventive was fund
14、ed by General Motors and the United Auto Workers.Questions number 2224 are based on the passage youve just heard.Question number 22: What is the passage mainly concerned about?Question number 23: What did Kresge Hearing Research Institute develop to prevent hearing loss?Question number 24: Who, acco
15、rding to the speaker, would benefit from the formulation of AuraQuell?Passage FourThe main challenges in residency come down to the increased responsibility. Real patients and the attendings are fully counting on you. As a medical student, youre primarily there in the hospital to learn and you had t
16、he resident above you, who was actually responsible for the patient. If you make a mistake or dont know the answer, it isnt that big of a deal. But as a resident, youre there to work, with learning being a secondary objective. You are the primary doctor caring for the patient and sometimes thats sca
17、ry. And if you dont keep on top of your study and medical knowledge, you will be doing a significant disservice to your patients. Your increased responsibility also translates to many more nights on call, which means even more sleep deprivation than when you were a medical student. Increased respons
18、ibility also often translates to being the last one to leave.Questions number 2527 are based on the passage youve just heard.Question number 25: What is the main idea of the passage?Question number 26: Which of the following can be true of a resident?Question number 27: According to the speaker, wha
19、t does the increased responsibility mean to a resident?Passage FiveI really want all of you patients to form partnerships with your physician. This partnership requires that we think because the physician and the patient are both after the same thing and thats the truth. As physicians, we get inform
20、ation by listening, asking questions, observing through examinations, and touch and then we think. I heed the words of my mentor long ago who told me all of the information that you need will be there if you let the patient talk and you listen.If you can speak with your physician easily about the si
21、mple thing, then itll be so much better. When you come to the hard things, serious illness, addiction and end-of-life discussion, ask questions and get answers and make sure the discussion is not in the big-word, top-secret language that we learned in medical school. Make sure that you understand be
22、fore making decisions.Questions number 2830 are based on the passage youve just heard.Question number 28: What does the speaker intend to do in the passage?Question number 29: What happens if you let the patient talk and you listen according to the speaker?Question number 30: What does the speaker suggest that patient-physician communication avoid?This is the end of listening comprehension.