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1、2018全国卷高考英语真题及答案（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Ho
2、w much is theshirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.1. What does John find difficult in learning German?A.Pronunciation.B.Vocabulary.C.Grammar.2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Colleagues.B.Brother and sister.C.Teacher and student.3.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In
3、 a bank.B. At a ticket office.C. On a train.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. A restaurant.B.A street.C.A dish.5.What does the woman think of her interview?A.It was tough.B.It was interesting.C.It was successful.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或
4、独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.When will Judy go to a party?A.On Monday.B.On Tuesday.C.On Wednesday.7.What will Max do next?A.Fly a kite.B.Read a magazine.C.Do his homework.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What does the man suggest doing at first?A.Going to a concert.B.Watchin
5、g a movie.C.Playing a computer game.9.What do the speakers decide to do?A.Visit Mike.B.Go boating.C.Take a walk.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Which color do cats see better than humans?A.Red.B.Green.C.Blue.11.Why do cats bring dead birds home?A.To eat them in a safe place.B.To show off their hunting skills.C.
6、To make their owners happy.12.How does the man sound at the end of the conversation?A.Grateful.B.Humorous.C.Curious.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Who is Macy?A.Eds mother.B.Eds teacher.C.Eds friend.14.How does Ed usually go to kindergarten?A.By car.B.On foot.C.By bus.15.What does Ed enjoy doing at the kinderg
7、arten?A.Telling stories.B.Singing songs.C.Playing with others.16.What do the teachers say about Ed?A.Hes clever.B.Hes quiet.C.Hes brave.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.At what age did Emily start learning ballet?A.Five.B.Six.C.Nine.18.Why did Emily move to Toronto?A.To work for a dance school.B.To perform at a
8、 dance theater.C.To learn contemporary dance.19.Why did Emily quit dancing?A.She was too old to dance.B.She failed to get a scholarship.C.She lost interest in it.20.How does Emily feel about stopping training?A.Shes pleased.B.Shes regretful.C.Shes upset.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列
9、短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers
10、will be asked to sign to confirm their childs choices.ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoor Adventure (OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild c
11、amping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor environment.Mr. Clemens140WWI Battlefields and Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we
12、cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.Mrs. Wilson425CraftyFoxes(CRF)Four days of product desig
13、n centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations.Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs. Goode30Potty about Potter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel
14、in Streatley-on -Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake15021.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.
15、POT.22.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?A. TraveltoLondon.B. Seeaparadeandfireworks.C. TourcentralParis.D. VisittheWWIbattlefields.23.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A. Twodays.B. Fourdays.C. Fivedays.D. Oneweek.BMany of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone f
16、ruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not t
17、hat fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in v
18、itamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat ice cream. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and fr
19、eeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out c
20、omes a soft-serve creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein
21、.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is a juicer in the last par
22、agraph?A. A dessert. B. A drink.C. A container. D. A machine.27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published
23、Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the reports key findings, the proportion(比例) who say they hardly
24、ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and27 percent respectively today.The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28,remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each sessio
25、n has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic
26、 reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent rea
27、ders, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近)ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer readin
28、g list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childrens reading habits.B. Quality of childrens books.C. Childrens after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports children
29、are reading a lot less for fun?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents enco
30、urage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.DWeve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused
31、 on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. Bu
32、t the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for c
33、asual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, he explains. The key to successful small ta
34、lk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when neces
35、sary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social net
36、work matter for our well-being also.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners,he says.32. What phenom
37、enon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to
38、 other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A
39、. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work
40、out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.l Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 l Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, the
41、n you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.l 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you
42、are very excited.l 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to wor
43、king out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morni
44、ng.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选
45、出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Two weeks earlier,my son, Ben, had got in touch.Hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id 41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was 43 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to
46、44 . The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 46 , I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was in 47 . Somethings not 48 ! I took off my T-shirt and 49 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He wa
47、s 50 violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors. I helped 51 the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were very 53 . Whats his name? I asked the instructor. Ben, he replied, and immediately I 54 . That stranger was my son!The ins