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1、Module6 Unitl Grammar and usageInfinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed命题人：邓丽阳审核人：刘海迪Learning aims：1. Learn the difference between the infinitive and the verb-ing used as the subject of a sentence.2. Learn the differences in using the non-finite when they are used as the attributive or the object complement
2、.Teaching difficult points:Analyze the difference when these non-finite verbs are used as the attributive or the object complement.预习导航：学习活动一：看例句总结非谓语的时态和语态。1. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.2. She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.3. Robert is said to have stu
3、died abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in.4. Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.5. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.6. Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.思考感悟：非谓语动词有不定式、v.-ing形
4、式和v.-ed三种形式:非谓语动词时态和语态表达意义不定式一般式：动作在谓语动词后发生或与 谓语动词的动作同时发生进行式：动作与谓语动词同时发生完成式：动作在谓语动词之前发生v.-ing形式一般式：动作与谓语动词同时发生完成式：动作在谓语动词之前发生v.-ed形式表示完成和被动学习活动二：根据感悟一用适当形式填空。1. He is thought(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.2. The engine just wont start. Something seems(go)
5、wrong with it.3. His first book(publish) next month is based on a true story.4. The sun began to rise in the sky,(bathe) the mountain in golden light.5. I got to the office earlier that day,(catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.6. (show) around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Ne
6、st for 2008 Olympic Games.7. The number of people(kill) in Mumbai Terror Attacks has reached 125.问题一：非谓语动词作主语1.不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语表示一次性的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常为 O(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用 作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式(3)不定式的复合结构由for/of sb to do”构成，“介词+sb(sth)”表明不定式动作的发出 者，为不定式的逻辑主语。学习活动一：用所给词的适当形式填空1.
7、 (stop) the work now seems already impossible.2. It was foolish of you(give) up what you rightly owned.3. 选词填空:for, of1) . It is so kind you to do me such a good favour.2) . I dont think it right you to say so absurd a requirement.2.动名词作主语(1) ,动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、习惯性的行为，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且 谓语动词通常用 形式。Walking
8、 is good for health.(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。动名词位于句末时用作形式主语。常见句 型有：It is + adj.(good, funny, nice, difficult, worthwhile, interesting 等)+doing sthIt is useless/ no use/ no good/a waste of time +doing sth.(3)动名词作主语时的逻辑主语：动名词作主语时可以有自己的 主语，“逻辑主语+动名词”叫做动名词的复合结构。动名词作主语时，逻辑主语的常见形式：1.逻辑主语有生 命时：名词所有格、形容词性物主代词2.逻
9、辑主语无生命时：名词普通格3.逻辑主语是数 词、指示代词、不定代词时:普通格。例：His leaving is a great loss. Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.学习活动二：用所给词的适当形式填空1. (1) It is not good(say) such ugly words to him.(2)(work) in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.2. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing
10、loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have问题二：非谓语动词作定语1 .不定式作定语(1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Eg. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.(2) 作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用语态，也可以用 语态，但其含义有所不同。Eg. Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything t
11、o be sent?(3) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：1.不定式表将来2.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。3.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer; reply attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。 学习活动一：单句改错1. The surgeon has several patients2. Im free now. Have you something to do?2.分词作定语（1） 现在分词
12、作定语：现在分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是 关系。单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词,分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词。（2） 现在分词的一般式（doing）作定语，表示 的动作，现在分词一般式的被动语态（being done）作定语时，表示、的动作。学习活动二：完成句子1. There are people（哭）and people（笑）2. The problem（正在讨论）now is of great interest.问题三：非谓语动词作补语1 .不定式作宾补常指动作是 发生的，现在分词作宾补表示动作，而过去分词做宾补常表示 O2 .表示感觉的感官动词 feel, hear, noti
13、ce, listen to, see, observe, smell, watch 等和表示“致使, 让”的使役动词have, leave等词后，可跟不带 的不定式作宾补。但在被动中to要。Practice:1. Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checking C. to checkD. checked2. According to the new regulation, if beggars are found on the Beijing subway, they wouldreceive a
14、 50 yuan to 1,000 yuan fine.A. begged B. beggingC. to be begging D. to beg3. When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.A. blockB. to block C. blocking D. blocked4. The patient was warned oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating
15、课堂训练一、下列各句均有一处错误，找出错误将答案写在横线上。1. A代er looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.5.1 also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.二、将下列复合句改为非谓语形式1. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, which turns the old town into a dreamland. Newly-buil
16、t wooden cottages line the street,the old town into a dreamland.2. Last night, there were millions of people who watched the opening ceremony live on TV.Last night, there were millions of people the opening ceremony live on TV.3. The club, which was founded 25 years ago, is holding a party for past
17、and present members.The club,25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.4. When she is offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.5. Since she didnt know his telephone nu
18、mber or e-mail address, Mary had some difficulty getting in touch with John.his telephone number or e-mail address, Mary had some difficulty getting in touch with John.三、单选1. A television program Golden 100 seconds invites people to challenge what they reallywant to do.A. being called B. having been
19、 called C. calling D. called2.1 like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good.A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathingD. being breathed3. The room is empty except for a bookshelf in one corner.A. standingB. to standC. standsD. stood4.The government will take some effective mea
20、sures to control the heavy smog thenorthern China.A. blankets B. to be blanketed C. blanketing D. blanketed5. A store a cat cafe with a book shop opened to the public on Nov 29, 2014 in Nanjing.A. to combine B. combining C. combined D. combines6. Li Na , the first Asian tennis player the Grand Slam
21、title, announced her retirement onSeptember 23.A. winningB. having won C. to winD. won7. The local government has already collected three million dollars,for the environment improvement.A. intended B. intending C. to intend D. to be intended8. The traffic rule says young children under the age of fo
22、ur and less than 40 pounds mustbe in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing9. After I read the beautiful words, there are always pictures in your mind.A. to form B. formC. forming D. having formed四、翻译句子1 .为了使联系我们更容易，你最好把卡片放在手中。2 .有时候放弃一小点意味着得到更多。3 ,实现梦想对于人们来说是不容易的。4 .破坏交通规则和乱抛垃圾是不正常的，对生活和环境造成了严重的伤害。5 .与我们的小公寓相比，Bill的房子似乎像一个宫殿。