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1、2023年高中英语谓语动词的时态和语态精讲及练习1 .非谓语动词的时态不定式或现在分词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成 式（过去分词没有完成式），否则，就用一般式。若与谓语动作同时发 生，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，可用不定式的进行式（现在分 词和过去分词均没有进行式）。如：Having failed twice, he didn t want to try again. 他已 经失败了两次，不想再试了。He came in, followed by his secretary, 他走了 进来，后面 跟着他的秘书。He seems to have caught a cold.他似乎感
2、冒了。He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。2 .非谓语动词的语态不定式或-ing形式与其逻辑主语若是主动关系，用主动式；若 是被动关系，用被动式。如：Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是 谁？Did it need to be done so soon? 这事需要这么快就做吗？注：（1）过去分词没有被动式。（2）有些非谓语动词要主动式表示被动意义。非谓语动词语态用法详解一、不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态由“to bet过去分词” 构成，其用法与不定式的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：Io
3、be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing.被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。（作主语）He asked to be kept informed about developments.他要求随 时向他报告发展情况。（作宾语）The points to be discussed can be brought under three main headings.所论各点可以归为二个主要方面。（作定语He knocked at the window to be let in.他敲窗户要进来。（作 状语）The case was
4、 too heavy to be carried by a child.箱子太重 了，孩子搬不动。（作状语）The medicine is to be taken three times a day, preferably before meals.这药一天吃二次，最好坂前吃。（作表语）He said that he wished it to be published in its present form.他说他希望以其现有的形式出版。（作宾语补足语）几点说明1. 有时不定式用完成被动式。如：2. be going to后接被动结构。如:3. ought to后接被动结构。如：Such ac
5、tivities ought to be prohibited.这种活动应当禁。4. has to. have to. had to 后接被动结构。如：He broke his leg during the match and had to be carried off. 他在比赛中撞新了腿而被拍走。5. be about （due） to后接被动结构。 如：二、现在分词的被动语杰现在分词的被动语态由“being+过去分词”构成，其用法与现在 分词的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：I saw him being taken away by the police.我看到他正被警察带走。（作宾
6、补）The building being repaired is our library 正在维修的那 座楼是我们的图书馆。（作定语）Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 这篇文章仓卒写就，故错误百出。（作状语）用法说明有时现在分词用完成被动式。如：Having been invited to speak,Il start making preparations tomorrow.因为邀请我去进话，我明天就得做准备。三、动名词的被动语态 动名词的被动语态由“being+过去分词”构成，其用法与动名词 的主动形式
7、相似，只是表示被动意义。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历。（作主语）He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized.他染了 胡子， 以免我们认出他。（作宾语）用法说明有时动名词用完成被动式。如：O四、过去分词没有被动式过去分词没有被动形式，因为它本身就可以表示被动意义。如：Cars parked illegally will be removed.非法停的车要被拉走。 （作定语）Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier.
8、她的工作 就是照料这个伤员。（作定语）Never touch an electric wire when it is broken.绝不要动 断了的电线。（作表语）In came the first runner, closey followed by the second. 第一位赛跑者进来了，紧跟着第二位也进来了。（作状语）I couldn t make myself heard above the noise.我的声音被 闹声淹没了。（作宾语补足语）I dont speak good French, but I can make myself understood.我说不好法语，但我能使
9、别人听懂我的话。（作宾语补足语）用法说明与不定式、现在分词、动名词均有完成被动式不同，过去分词不 仅没有被动式因为过去分词本身可表示被动，而且也没有完成式 （因为过去分词本身可表示完成）。相关训练01. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhereA. to find B. to have found C. to be found D. being found02. It remains whether the operation was successful.A, seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to
10、 see03. Ir 11 have to change my clothes before I go out I dont want like thisA to seeB. to be seeingC. to be seenD. being seenE. . A railway station is no place for a child aloneat nightA. leaveB. leavingC. to be leaving D. to be leftD. . -Do you have anything Professor Smith? -No thanksA. to type B
11、. typingC. to be typed D. being typed06. The case against Mr. White is said tomorrow.A. to hear B. being heard C. to be heard D. being heard07. She got there that they had gone on holidayA. only to be told B. only telling C. only toldD. only having told08. wherever you go is the price you pay for be
12、ing famous.A. Being recognizedB. To have recognizedD. Having recognized09. After the flight would be delayed, we made otherarrangementsA . informing B. being informed C. to inform D. to be informed10 . He was taken to hospital after by a car.A. being hit B. to be hitC. having hit D. to be hitting11
13、.-They111 get their money back.I should hope so too, after like that.A. being treated B. to be treated C. treating D. treated12. While shopping, people sometimes cant help intobuying something they dont really needA. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded13. The whisky is bottl
14、ed here before abroadA. sentB. Sending C. being sent D. having sent14. I found I could easily make myself by using signlanguage.A. Understood B. understand C. to understand D. being understood15. The meeting.over five thousand people, welcomed the Chinese delegationA. attendingB. to be attendingC. b
15、eing attendedD. attendedby16. The window in the storm has now been repaired.A. brokenB. to breakC. being brokenD. having broken17. I think the party was great, all things-I mean we didnt have much time to prepare and no help, but it still went wel.A. consideringB. consideredC. to considerD. being co
16、nsidered18.1 n his car, the pop singer waved to the crowd.A. SeatingB. SeatedC.To seatD. Being seated19. All the afternoon he worked with the doorA. was lockedB. lockedC. lockingD. being locked20. It can be cheaper to buy a new washing machine than to get your old one A. repairedB. to repairC. repairingD. having repaired答案0105 CBCDC 0610 CAABA 1115 ACC AD 1620 ABBBA