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1、2023届高考英语语法二轮讲义：定语从句精讲#1定语从句（易混/常考）定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象称为先行词关系词：重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连词。一、关系代词及关系副词一览表：语法作用可用于限制性及非限制性定语从句用于限制性定语从句人物其他人及物其他主语whowhichthat宾语who/whomwhichthat或省略that所有关系whosewhose / of which限定性which状将when, wherewhy从上面的表格得知：1） that和why只引导限制性定语从句2）关系代词:关系代词
2、在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。其中whose一定要与名词连用，表示所属关系。which可单独引导定语从句，也可用作限定词与名词连用。先行词指人：who, whom;先行词指物；which;先行词指人或物均可:that, whose易混点：l.?who和whom的区别1） ?Who在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，但Who之前不可用介词a.I like the people who I work with.我很喜欢同我一起工作的那些人。（who。作介词with的宾 语。）b.l like the people with whom I work.2） whom在定语从句中不能作主语，但可作宾语或
3、表语。.onehas.n is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.（不用;.one whom has.） 一个富有的人，不是因为他拥有最多，而是因为他需要最少。2.在下列情况中用that不用which:1）当先行词既是有人又有物时，用that。The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.2）先行词为指物的 all, little, few, much, none, the first,用 thatoa.
4、AII?that glitters is not gold.b.This book contains little that is useful.c.There is not much that can be done.d.As long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome.3）先行词是不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时,一般用 thatIs there anything that I can do for you?4）
5、先行词被 any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little,序数词，最高级，the only, the one, the very, the right,the last 修饰时，用 thata.Tell us all things that you know.b.There is no difficulty that they cant overcome.3关系副词:关系副词只充当状语:when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。when引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,其先行词须是表示 时间的名词,如day, year, time等。 w
6、hen可用on which来替换注意;how不可以作为表示方式的关系副词在英语中，若表示方式，我们用以下句型：theway in which/that/省略During the 1940s science and engineering had an impact?on the way music reached its audience and even influenced the way in which it was composed.when引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，其先行词须是表示时间的名词，如day, year, time 等。when可用on which来替换。a.Ill
7、never forget the day when I met you.（ when 作时间状语，修饰 met）b.lll never forget the day on which I met you.注：当表示时间的先行名同，若定语从句不是缺状语，而是缺少主语或宾语，要用which/that 来引导定从？Ill never?forget the time which I spent on campus.（?which 作 spent 的宾语）where引导定语从句，其先行词必须是表示地点的名词，如place, house等。02/4Do you know any place where I
8、 can buy the grammar book与when类似，并非凡是先行词表示地点的名词，都得由where来引导定语从句，这得看关 系词在从句中充当的成分a.This is the town where l?spent my childhood.b.This is the town which I told you about before.（which 作 about 的宾语）why用来表原因，只引导来制性定语从句，先行词是reason等表示原因的名词。This is the reason why I didnt come here.（立匕处 why = for which）4.特殊关
9、系代词：as、what、than butAsa.Hell repeat suck points as are discussed in the book.b.Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.c.He is not the same playboy as we knew.d.The instrument is not such an instrument as I saw on the exhibition.a.?As is known, the whale is not fish but a mammal.众所周知，鲸不
10、是鱼类,而是哺乳类动物（as 指的是 the whale is not fish but a mammal 整个句子）b.?As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.但因为as引导的定语从句有正好，就像，由而知的含义。所以，当主句和从句内 容上一致时，或者说从句内容 是顺着主句意思说下来时，用as。若主句和从句内容上不一致, 或从句的内容对主句的内容起反对、排斥、否定等消极的作用时,则多用whichHe was late for school, which/as is often the case.The
11、 gentleman admires Mrs. Brown, which surprised me.She is very careful, as her work shows.Whata.She is not what she used to be- （She is not the girl that she used to be.）b.Show me what you have written, （show me the things that you have written.）c.He is not what he was a few years ago. （what 才旨人,the
12、man that）我们注意到以上句中what前均没有先行词。a.I will give you what help I can.（我会尽可能地帮你）b.Whathave.l have has been given to you. = All the money that I have我身上所有的钱都给了 你了。Thana? Dont drink more wine than is good for health.不要饮酒过量。适量饮酒有益于健康。c. Dont give him more money than is needed, since money will burn a hole in
13、 his pocket.不要多给 他钱，他需要多 少就给多少，因为他有钱就花。He soon found it easy to make much more money by thieving than his father had done by a lifetime of honest work.很快他就发现，通过盗窃所挣的钱比他老爸一辈子辛勤劳作所挣的要多得多But的用法.notwho.at. .not, who. not, whom.not在句中作主语或宾语，可指人也可指物。A.There is no man but errs. ( = There?is no man who doesnt err. but 作主语)人必犯错b.There are very few but admire his talents. ( = There are very few who don c admire his talents, but作主语)很少 有人不赞赏他的才干。