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1、2023届高考英语语法二轮讲义：名词性从句精讲#1名词从句（主从、宾从、表从、同从）在英文中，名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如果我们把句 子当作名词来用，分别在另一个句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，于是构成了四种从句： 主语从句、宾涪从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为这四种从句在本质上相当于名词的作用， 所以我们把它们统称为名词从句。一四类名词从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句二、三种句子来充当四种成分我们可以用什么样的句子来充当四种成分呢？充当这四种成分，我们可以用三种句子陈述句？一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。（名词从句的本质）陈述句The Earth is
2、round.That the Earth is round is a fact.（陈述句作主语，构成主语从句）一般疑问句Does he need my help?1 dont know if he needs my help.（一般问句作宾语，构成宾语从句）特殊疑问句Where did he go?1 dont know where he went.（特殊疑问句作宾语，构成宾语从句）引导名词从句的常用连词:连词that对应于陈述句that在从句中不作成分连词 whether, if对应于 一般疑问句whether,if在从句中不作成分连接副词 when,where,why,how;连接代词wh
3、o, whom, what, which, whose对应于 特殊疑向句when, where, why,how作状语；who,whom, what作主语、宾语或表语；which, whose作定语，后面接名词连用三、陈述句充当四种句子成分(1)主语从句把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在主语位置即构成主语从句：English is difficult.That English is difficult is not my idea.有人认为英语很难，我可不这么认为。更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句放在句末，例如：It is a shame that you did not pa
4、ss the test.你没通过这考试真遗憾常见的主语从句句型：It is +过去分词+ that从句:that.ported that.据才艮道that.enerally thought that.人们普遍认为that.been found that现已发现可 以这么 用 的动词有 say, expect, know, estimate, forecast,等。It is +形容词+ that从句:that.learthat.显然It is possible that.彳艮可能that.ecessarythat. 有必要?(3)lt is +名词短语+that从句：It is a pity
5、that 可借的是that.n honor that.真荣幸that.y belief that.我相信a pity, a shame, an honor, a good idea, no wonder,等等。(2)宾语从句把“that +陈述句”这一结构放在宾语位置即构成宾语从句：A.I think (that) you are right.b.We know (that) the world is round.只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去，主语从句、表语从句和 同位语从句中that一般不要省 去。(3)表语从句把“that +陈述句”这一结构放在表语位置即构成表语从句：My idea
6、 is that the child should be sent to school.我认为这孩子应该送到学校去上学。(4)同位语从句把“that +陈述句”这一结构放在同位语位置即构成同位语从句。所谓同位语，就是用来补充说明名词的成分，当我们用一个完整的陈述句来补充名词时，即 构成同位语从句。所以同位语从句都是位于一个名词后边，形式上便构成“名词+that+陈述 句”，a. He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights would fall to the ground at the sametime.他想证 明
7、他的这一理论：两个不同重量的物体将同时落地。四、一般疑问句可分别充当四种句子成分1. 一般疑问句要变成陈述句，并且用whether/if来引导。1) 主语从句：Whether he comes?or not makes no difference to me.2) 宾语从句：I dont know if/whether he needs my help.3) 表语从句：My concern is whether he comes or not.4)同位语从句：They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work
8、.2. If 还是 whether?1) if 一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句。a.if he comes or not makes no difference. * (不用 if 弓I 导主语从句)b.The question is if he will come. * (不用 if 引导表语从句)iforor not直接连用，即一般不说if or not,但可以说if.or noto而whether没有此限制。a.I dont know if or not he comes. *b.l dont know whether or not he c
9、omes.五、特殊疑问句可分别充当四种句子成分特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序，而不用倒装语序。I have no idea when he will return.Why he refused to cooperate us is still a mystery.1) 主语从句：What he told you is true.他告诉你的是真的。2) 宾语从句：have not decided whom I should vote for.3) 表语从句：The point is whose book is the most interesting.4)同位语从句：I have no idea wh
10、en he will return.总结：名词从句可简单概括为这样一句话：用三种句子来分别充当另外一个句子的四种成分 这里的三种句子是：陈述句、一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句。四种成分是：主语、宾语、表语和同位语课后练习：单项选择1 .?No one knows exactly? ?A.how did speech beginB.how speech beganC.how the beginning of speechD.of how beginning speech2 .?lt is obvious? ?on more important things.A.which the money shou
11、ld we spendB.what the money should we spendC.that the money should we spendD.that we should spend the money3 .? ?hard water does not mix well with soap.A.That is a well-known factB.That is a well-known fact in whichC.lt is a well-known fact thatD.lt is a well-known that4 .? ?was to return to school.
12、A.That really interested himB.What really interested himC.Which really interested himD.That interested him really5.Stopping pouring polluted water into the river is? ?the factory has to solve at present. ? A.what? ? ?B.thatB.that? ? ? C.which? ? ?D.why6 .A hinge joint is? ?permits the forward and ba
13、ckward movement of a door.A.what? ? ? ?B.which? ? ?C.that? ? ? ?D.where7 .Scientists have reached the conclusion? ?the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.A.what? ? ? ?B.that? ? ? ?C.which? ? ?D.as8 .? ? ?the mass of the nucleus is slightly less than the total mass of the protons and n
14、eutrons which made up the nucleus.A.lt found that8.1 t was found thatC.lt was found forD.lt finds that9 .He wondered? ?.A.what will be his wifes reactionB.what would his wifes reaction beC.how would be his wifes reactionD.what his wife s reaction would be10 .After the accident, I opened my eyes slowly and realized? ?l was still alive.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which答案：BDCBA ABBDA