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1、Unit7.知识点，语法，作文背默语法精讲形容词、副词比较级和最高级1 .形容词、副词比较级的用法。(1)形容词比较级通常用于连系动词之后或名词之前。例如：My bedroom is yours.我的卧室比你的大。(2)副词比较级用于实义动词之后。例如：Lily runs before.莉莉跑得比以前更快了。(3)“A比较级+than+B”表示“A比B”，前后相比较的两个事物属于同类。(4)“A比较级+than+any other+单数名词”表示A比其他任何一个都.，比较级形式表示最高级含义。 例如：He is taller than in his class.他比班上其他任何一个学生的个子都
2、高。(5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“二(6)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“”。(7)as.as意为淇否定形式为“not so/asas意为。注意as与as之间 要用形容词或副词的原级。(8)询问两者选其一时，常用“Which/When/Who+形容词/副词比较级,A or B?”句型。(9)修饰比较级可用 much,a little,even,still,a lot 等。注意:当比较级后有“of the two”之类的短语时，比较级前要加定冠词the。2 .形容词、副词最高级的用法。三者或三者以上的事物进行比较，使用形容词和副词的最高级，后面通常用of/in/among来表示比
3、较的 范围。最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：in his class.二M汰e is cleverer than any other student in his class.迈克是班上最 聪明的。“否定词+比较级”和“否定词+soas”结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如：Nothing is so easy as this.=This is the thing.没有比这更容易的了。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最之一(2)形容词最高级前面一般加定冠词the;副词最高级前面可以加,也可以不加。gHe earns than he did ten years ago
4、.他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多5倍。2A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years.大熊猫能活 20 至 30 岁。up to（某数量、程度等）；至多有；不多于。live up to指曲There are up to seventy students in the classroom.曲The old man can live up to ninety years.【知识拓展】up to的其他含义：0 up to ”直到;到为止”的Up to now everything has been successful.到目前为止，一切都很顺利。0 up to sb.“某人
5、的责任;由决定“M think I will leave it up to you.我想让你决定。3 . At birth, a baby panda is about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos.出生时,一只大熊猫宝宝大约0.1到02千克重。birth n.出生;诞生，常见搭配：0 at birth出生时；0 date of birth出生日期；0 give birth to生孩子 色?你是哪天出生的？【易混辨析】0 born是bear的过去分词，意为“出生”，常用结构:sb.was/were bom。be bom with天生”M summer in 1988.我出生于1988年的夏
6、天。0 birth是名词，意为“出生，诞生，分娩”，反义词是death,意为“死，死亡。匠She gave birth to a girl last night.5.they run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and fallover!它们兴奋地跑向他们，其中一些年幼的大熊猫甚至撞上自己的伙伴而跌倒。(l)excitement n.激动;兴奋。The excitement of the games has made them tired.做游戏的兴
7、奋使他们很疲劳。【易混辨析】excitevt,意为,呀The news excited everybody.消息鼓舞了每个人。exciting意为“，主语一般是物，在句中作表语或定语防The news is so exciting that we cant go to sleep.这个消息让我们兴奋得无法入睡。excitedadj,意为“”，多指人受到事物的影响,主语一般是人，在句中作表语。be excited about表小对感到激动”。前We are very excited to hear of your success.听到你们的成功，我们非常兴奋。excitementn,意为，“to
8、 ones excitement意为“使某人兴奋的是“。with excitement激动地,兴奋地的To my excitement, our team won.让我兴奋的是，我们队赢了。(2)run over to 跑向.walk into走路时撞向 (3)fall over表示“绊倒，摔倒叫She hit him so hard that she fell over.她重重地撞击他，结果自己摔倒了。【易混辨析】fall down强调“，后面不直接接宾语。后面接宾语时应加上介词fromo幽The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down.男孩重重
9、地撞在树上，结果自己倒下了。fall off强调的是“后面直接接宾语。所The girl is falling off the bike.=The girl is falling down from the bike.fall over强调的是“”fall over sth被某物绊倒M saw the little girl fall over.我看到这个小女孩跌倒了。5.Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and the other countries.(1 )another+基数词+名词=基数词+other
10、+名词(2)orso+数字、时间=about、around+数字、时间UThe babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.大熊猫宝宝经常死于疾病，或者活不了多久。die vi,(died-died)意为死，现在分词为dyingo0die from 表示“（事故，缺乏食物等外部原因）”。The old man died from an accident.0die of表示“死（年老等自身原因），在表示疾病的名词前用die from/of都可以。甘His father died of starvation in German
11、y.他的父亲饿死在德国。囱She died from/of cancer.她死于癌症。illness n.（名词）疾病。的He had several illnesses, including heart disease.他患有多种疾病淇中包括心脏病。【易混辨析】ill作“生病的”讲时只作表语，不作定语，比较级为worseo斯She cant go to school because she is ill.sick作“生病的”讲时，既可作表语（此时相当于ill）,也可作定语； sick作表语时还表示“恶心的，要引起呕吐的”之意。同Please take good care of the sic
12、k boy.请照顾好这个生病的男孩。illness是ill的名词形式，意为“病，疾病”。斯She cant go to school because of her illness.diseasen.病;疾病，各种疾病的术语;指特定的、具体的病名、病类。kheart disease心脏病单元话题写作写作要求本单元的话题是“地理和自然，通过对几处地理奇观和几种珍稀动物的介绍，来强调保护大自然和动物的必要 性。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：1 .能够运用所学知识介绍一种或几种野生动物的相关情况；2 .能正确使用形容词和副词的比较级或最高级；3 .能够适当使用过渡连接词和高级句式，使文章条理清晰
13、、内容丰富。词汇积累wide宽的deep深的weigh 重meter 米desert沙漠population 人口tourist旅行者;观光者ancient 古老的save 救include包括;包含in danger处于危险中every two years 每两年the importance of.的重要性endangered animal 濒危动物as far as I know就我所知water pollution 水污染one of the main reasons 主要原因之一at birth出生时or so大约句型积累1 .Though its really difficult,h
14、e never gives up saving endangered animals.尽管有诸多困难，他从不放弃拯救濒危动物。2 .He planned to spend five years traveling around China,他曾打算花五年时间环游中国。3 .People started to realize the importance of protecting the environment.人们开始意识到保护环境的重要性。4 .China is almost as big as the US.中国几乎与美国一样大。5 .Beijing is one of the bigg
15、est cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。语段训练请以“Saving Tigers”为题为某中学生英文报习作园地专栏写一篇80词左右的征文稿，内容要点如下:L老虎是人们在动物园里最喜欢观看的动物之一；2 .现在世界上仅存大约3200只野生老虎，数目日趋减少；3 .老虎处境危险的原因；4 保护老虎的建议。写作提纲Saving（介绍现状:There are only about 3,200 wild tigers in the world.分析原因:Many forests are destroyed and.提出建议:Build more nature reserves
16、and.连句成篇Saving TigersHave you ever visited zoos?Have you seen tigers in the zoos?I think 1.But now there are only about 3,200 wild tigers in the world,and 2.What caused them to reduce?Because many forests are destroyed and 3.In order to protect them,we must build more nature reserves.And 4. 趁热打铁请根据下
17、列表格，写一篇关于大象的报道，呼吁大家采取措施来保护野生动物。外形体形大，体格健壮，皮肤为灰色，有长长的鼻子(trunks)和 象牙(tusks)特点近视(poor eyesight),良好的听觉和嗅觉，可以负重性格友善现状人们为获得象牙而猎杀(hunt)大象要求:1.词数80左右；2 .文中不能出现真实的校名和人名;3 .请不要逐句翻译,可适当发挥。A Report About Elephants(3)“the+序数词(除first外)+形容词最高级+单数可数名词”表示“第几(大、长等)二例如：The Yellow River is river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。(4)
18、询问三者选其一时，常用“Which/Who.+形容词/副词最高级,A,B or C?”句型。语法精练I.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1 .The bag is (cheap) than any other one in the store.2 .The five-year-old boy is growing and (tall).3 .The (much) you practice,the (well) youll play the piano.4 .Susan is (tall) of the two girls.5.The elephant weighs ten times (many
19、) than the panda.IL按要求完成句子，每空一词1 .Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.(改为同义句)Qomolangma is mountain in the world.2 .This wall is seven meters tall.That wall is five meters tall.(合并为一句)This wall is meters that one.3 .Our classroom is bigger than theirs.(改为同义句)Their classroom isn
20、9t ours.4. The Sky Mall is the most beautiful building in our city.(对画线部分提问) is the most beautiful building in your city?HL根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词L对于老年人来说学习英语更困难。Itsfor old people English.2 .汤姆是我们班上年龄第二大的学生。Tom isstudent in our class.3 .玛丽比她姐姐更擅长语文。Mary isChinese than her sister.4 .中国东方航空公司的航线是最繁忙的国际航线之一。Ch
21、ina Easter Airline isinternational airlines.知识点精讲Section A1 1025 meters deepdeep/di:p/ adj. ；deep用作形容词，意为“深的；纵深的”。“某物深度”的表达方式为：基数词+表示“度量”的名词+deepThe hole is 10 meters deep.在英语中、表示“事物的长、宽、高”等时，其表达方式为:基数词+表示“度量”的名词(meter, foot等)+形容 词(long, wide, tall 等)The river is about 10 meters wide.Britain s bigge
22、st carrot is almost six meters long.2 Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.adj比较级+than any other+单数名词=最高级+单数名词。原句相当于 Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.Tom runs faster than any other student(或 any of the other students)in his class.WThis book is more difficult than
23、any other book here.=This book is the most difficult book here.any other +可数名词单数可与the other +可数名词复数互换。any other +（表示比较的对象在同一范围之内）哈China is bigger than any other country in Asia.the other +俵示比较的对象在同一范围之内）百China is bigger than the other countries in Asia.any +（表示比较的对象不在同一范围之内）行China is bigger than any
24、 country in Africa.3China has the biggest population in the world.populationpopulation意为“”时，是一个集体名词，被看作一个整体，在句中做主语时，后面的谓语动词用 数形式。The population of China is large.【拓展】（1）当表示一个城市、地区或国家有多少人口时，常用以下两种结构，即:the population of + 某地 + is + 数词”或“某地 + has a population of + 数词”。例如:The of London is over ten milli
25、on.二London has a population of over ten million.(2) population 可与搭配，但不能与 many, few 搭配。The city with large population has become crowded.(3)询问人口数量常用what或how large。 the population of Beijing? =How large is the population of Beijing?=How many people are there in Beijing?(4) population前有修饰词，如分数、百分数时，表示整
26、体人口中的一部分，谓语动词单复数都可以。One half of the population of the city are /is farmers.4 Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?one of+the+adj最高级+可数名词复数，意思是“是中最之一”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。Beijing isin the world.翻译：钓鱼在中年人当中是最受欢迎的活动之一。5 Feel free to ask me anything on todays Great Wall tour
27、。(1 )feel free to do sth.Feel free to eat dinner here anytime.(2)tourtour此处用作可数名词，意为“旅行;旅游”。a tour of/around意为a 10- day tour of ChinaWe are planning a tour around the worldtour用作动词，意为“tourist用作可数名词，意为“:Every year, lots of tourists come to the beautiful place.6 Wow,thats amazing!amazing, (或惊叹的)。其主语或所
28、修饰的名词通常是事物。This is an amazing story.The sunrise is so amazing!amazed adj,用作形容词（感到）,其主语或所修饰的名词通常是人。He was amazed at the news.7 The main reason was to protect their part of country.protect 作及物动词，意为常用搭配 protect sb./sth. from/against.,意为“We should protect rare animals.Parents protect their young from da
29、nger.Protecting nature is protecting ourselves.8 As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说so far as I know,意思是“街As far as I know, he will be away for three months.斯, you have done nothing wrong.依我看，你没有做错任何事。【知识拓展】Zasfaras表示“”,后跟名词或从句，强调至某一指明
30、地点的距离。在否定句中也可用so far aso吟She didnt go as far as the others （did）.0as soon as 表示“幽As soon as he got in the yard, his little son ran up to him.他一走进院子,他的小儿子就朝他跑过来。幽I will tell him the news as soon as he comes.（主将从现）他一到，我就告诉他这个消息。0as well as“，这个结构连接两个并列主语,谓语动词和前面那个一致;as well as也可以连接宾语。断Sam as well as I
31、has much work to do. Sam和我一样，有很多工作要做。（表达的重点在Sam）幽He invited you as well as I. （I是主格，所以是和He并列的，所以这句话是说:他和我都邀请了你。喇He invited you as well as me. （me是个宾格代词，只能是和you并列了:他不但邀请了你,还邀请了我。0as+adj/adv+as possible “暗As soon as he saw the monster, Jack ran away as quickly as possible. Jack 一看到妖怪，就以最快的速度跑开了。幽The c
32、ar cost as much as one million,这辆车花费高达一百万。0as long as表示“（接从句，一般遵循主将从现否定句还可以用so long asThe Great Wall is as long as 5,000 kilometers. Til go as long as the weather is good.man-made“人造的为形容词性的合成词。类似的有:handmade homemade machine-madegood-looking相貌好看的;hard-working勤劳的；well-known著名的；fast-food专门提供快餐服务的。take-
33、away 外带的；middle-aged 中年的;kind-hearted 好心的9 Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard.thick/0l k / adj. 用法例句用作形容词，意为“厚的；稠的反义词为thinThe old man likes to eat thick soup.This dictionary is very thick.thick的其他含义“茂密的；密集的”a thick forest茂密的森林a thick head of hair 一头浓密的头发粗壮的There is a thick tree i
34、n the yard.10 Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更加严峻你的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。(l)includeinclude作动词，意为“。例如：The price for the hotel includes breakfast.Please include me in your group.【拓展】including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词 一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包
35、括在内”。例如：There are many different kinds of moon cakes, fruit, coffee and ham.There are 40 students in the classroom, including m已同样，included也有介词用法，且：including +宾语=宾语+ includedoThere are 40 students in the classroom, me included.(2)condition n.意为“，既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。Everything is in good condition.暄He i
36、s overweight and out of condition.on one condition 有一给条件【知识拓展】condition的相关搭配：0 in good/bad/excellent condition 状况好/糟糕/极佳0 out of condition 健康状况不佳0 living/working conditions 生活/工作条件0 under the condition that 在的前提下(3)freezing用作形容词，意为“极冷的;冰冻的，相当于extremely coldIt was freezing that morning.拓展freezing还可用作
37、名词，意为“The temperature is below freezing 气温在零度以下。freeze(froze, frozen)用作动词，意为“。Water freezes at 0.水在0摄氏度时结冰。11 It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.take in为固定短语，意为“Open the window and take in fresh air.拓展由take组成的常见短语还有take downtake after take away take offtake up take out12 Whi
38、le the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.succeed作不及物动词，意为“；表示做某事做成功了，succeed后通常接in doing sth。例如：His plan succeeded.At last he succeeded in solving the problem.【拓展】(l)success表示抽象意义的“，作不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”，则是可数名词。例如：Failure is the mother of success.His new book was a great suc
39、cess.(2)successful 作形容词，意为“成功的“。be successful inThe performance was .演 出彳艮成功。It was a experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。13 One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.一个主要的原因是人们想在面对困难时挑战自己。(1 Challenge 此处用作 vt,意为“ ； challenge sb. to sth./to do sth. (尤指在对方不情 愿时
40、)的Mike me to a game of chess.迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。由He me to play chess.他向我挑战下象棋。challenge作可数名词，意为“挑战;比赛等的邀请”常跟介词短语to或动词不定式。中We accepted their to a baseball game.我们接受了他们棒球邀请的挑战。【知识拓展】challenge作名词的相关短语：0face a challenge 面临挑战； 0meet the challenge of.迎接.的拟K战；0accept/take up a challenge 接受拟K战Hmount a challenge 发
41、起挑战；0a challenge to 对的质疑14 The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.give up意为“，后面可以接n/pron/doing作宾语，动副短语由My uncle wants to give up drinking wine.achieve vt,意为“”，其宾语可以是“实现”的目标，也可以是“取得”的胜利、成功、名誉、地位等。adj.achievable 可达到的;n.achievement 成就;成绩(c.n)斯She
42、 achieved no success.kHe achieved/realized his dream.【知识拓展】achieve表示实现时，与realize/come true同义，但come true为vi短语，而另外两个均为vtoachieveachieve指实现梦想、目标，主语是人由He hopes to achieve all his aims soon.他希望尽快达到所有目标。come truecome true实现，主语多是梦想、蓝图、计划等跖At last, his dream came true.最后,他实现了他的梦想。15 It also shows that human
43、s can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.force n.意为”, the force of nature 自然的力量；the force of an explosion 爆炸力vt,意为“强迫，迫使force sb to do sth意为“nature u.n意为“自然界;大自然“，其形容词形式为natural,意为“自然的;自然界的;天生的natural resources 请The countrys natural resources include forests, coal and oil.这个国家的自然资源包括森林、
44、煤和石油。He is a natural musician.Section B1 This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.(l)weigh 连系动词weigh表示“,是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词I weighed the box. It weighs 20 kg.对重量进行提问How much do/does.weigh?How heavy.?【拓展】weigh其名词形式为weight,意为“体重，重量“。曲Whats your height and weight.你的身高体重是多少?0 in weight 在体
45、重方面。The boy weighs 20 kg.=The boy is 20 kg in weight.这个男孩重 20 公斤。01ose weight 减肥；0put on weight 增肥time在此意为“倍数，次数”，表示三倍或三倍以上时使用。（两倍用twice表示）【知识拓展】英文中倍数的几种常见的表达方式：0 A+基数词+times as +adj/adv+as +B A 是 B 的几倍”由This table is that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长/宽/大/贵。0 A+基数词+times +比较级+than+B A比B（长/宽/大/贵）几倍”诙This hole i
46、s five times deeper than that one=This hole is six times as deep as that one.这个洞是那个洞的 6 倍深。0 ”基数词+times + more+n+than4 Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas4 * * * * 9 breakfast.大熊猫饲养员正在准备大熊猫宝宝的早餐牛奶。prepare sth. for sb./sth.”给准备She prepared a nice breakfast for us.她给我们准备了可口 的早餐。【知识拓展】0 prepare sb. fbr sth. 匠Im preparing myself fbr the coming final exam。0 prepare to do sth. u 靖They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.0 be prepared fbr sth. （强调状态）帝They were well prepared for the worst.0 prepare for “