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1、复习限制性定语从句 观察例句：1.Ive included some photos _ will help you picture the places I talk about.2.The boys _ had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3.The only possessions(_)I could see were one broom,a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.4.It is a human
2、 activity _ has caused this global warming.5.All scientists subscribe to the view _ the increase in the earth s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.一、定语从句及相关名词概念 1.什么是定语从句？指在句子中作为_使用，修饰句中的_或_的从句。定语从句包括_定语从句和_定语从句两种。2.先行词：即_的名词、代词或短语，定语从句通常置于在先行词之_。3.引导词/关系词：定语从句的引导词也称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两种
3、，放定语从句前，引出定语从句。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作一定的成分。关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as 关系副词：when,where,why 常见关系代词和关系副词用法表 先行词 物 人 人、物 地点 时间 reason 从句中的成分 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 定语 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 关系代词 which that who whom whose 关系副词 where when why 注：as 用法特殊，没有列入表中。*选择关系词的步骤：1.找到定语从句和先行词；2.把先行词放到定语从句中，确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分，注意介词的位置；3
4、.确定是否是特殊用法；4.选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。*小口诀：一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处,三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。试在下面句子中填入关系词：1.This is the detective _ came from London.2.The lady _ they wanted to visit is a scientist.3.The book _I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.4.This is the room _ Shakespeare was born in.5.The desk _ leg is broken is very
5、 old.6.I will never forget the day _ I met the famous astronaut.7.Everyone wants to visit the place _ Premier Zhou once worked.8.We dont know the reason _they didnt keep their promise.重点提示：选择关系词的关键是看它代替先行词在定语从句中所做的成分，切忌只看先行词，相同的先 行词可能需要不同的关系词连接从句。如：1)Ill never forget the days _ we studied in the uni
6、versity.2)Ill never forget the days _ we spent together in the university.分析：句 1 填 when，因为 days 在定语从句中作状语，即“在那些日子里，我们在大学学习”；句 2 填 that 或 which，也可以省略，因为 days 是 spent 的宾语，即“spent the days together in the university（一起在大学度过那些日子）”。试一试：1)It is the school _ the film star studied when she was young.2)It is
7、 the school _ I hated when I was young.3)It is an important day _ Ill never fo rget.4)It is an important day _I first gave a speech in public.二、特殊用法 1.只能用 that 的情况 a.先行词为 all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词；All(that)we have to do is to practice every day.b.先行词被 all,every,no,s
8、ome,any,little,much 等修饰；I have read all the books(that)you gave me.c.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；The first lesson(that)I learned will never be forgotten.d.先行词被 the only,the very,the last 修饰时；He is the only person(that)I want to talk to.e.有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词；They talked of things and persons(that)they remembe
9、red in the school.用修饰句中的或的从句定语从句包括定语从句和定语从句两种先行词即的名词代词或短语定语从句通常置于在先行词之引导词关系词定语从句的引导词也称为关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种放定语从句前引出定语从句关系代词状时间状语语语先行词从句中的成分注用法特殊没有列入表中选择关系词的步骤找到定语从句和先行词把先行词放到定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分注意介词的位置确定是否是特殊用法选择合适的关系代词或关系句子中填入关系词重点提示选择关系词的关键是看它代替先行词在定语从句中所做的成分切忌只看先行词相同的先行词可能需要不同的关系词连接从句如分析句填因为在定语从句中作
10、状语即在那些日子里我们在大学学习句填或也可f.当主句是以 who,which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics?2.宜用 which 的情况 a.当定语从句的介词提前时，要用 which。The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.b.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用 which。He bought a railway ticket for the woma
11、n,which helped her a lot.c.先行词本身是 that 的时候。I dont like that which he did.3.宜用 who不用 that 的情况 a.先行词是指人的不定代词，即 one,ones,anyone。One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.b.先行词为 those 时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.c.在 there be 开头的句子中宜有 who。There is an old m
12、an who wants to see you.4.宜用 as的情况 as 引导定语从句常用于 the same.as.，such.as.,so.as.结构中。I have never heard such a story as he tells.This is the same book as I lost last week.Here are so many as are asked by the girls.5.介词+which/whom 关系代词 which，whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，从句由“介词which/whom”引出。The film of which
13、 Im speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema next week.This is the old man _ weve learnt a lot.*介词的确定 1）依据习惯搭配确定 Trading leather shoes is the business _ the Greens devoted themselves.2）依据与先行词的搭配的具体意义确定。Jill once worked in the company _ the cars are produced now.The colorless gas _ we cannot liv
14、e is called oxygen.注意：总之，把先行词放定语从句中，看缺少什么介词就用什么介词。用修饰句中的或的从句定语从句包括定语从句和定语从句两种先行词即的名词代词或短语定语从句通常置于在先行词之引导词关系词定语从句的引导词也称为关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种放定语从句前引出定语从句关系代词状时间状语语语先行词从句中的成分注用法特殊没有列入表中选择关系词的步骤找到定语从句和先行词把先行词放到定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分注意介词的位置确定是否是特殊用法选择合适的关系代词或关系句子中填入关系词重点提示选择关系词的关键是看它代替先行词在定语从句中所做的成分切忌只看先行词相同
15、的先行词可能需要不同的关系词连接从句如分析句填因为在定语从句中作状语即在那些日子里我们在大学学习句填或也可试一试：1.Do you like the book _ she spent$10?2.Do you like the book _ she paid$10?3.Do you like the book _ she learned a lot?4.Do you like the book _ she often talks?*不能提前的介词 有些“动词+介词”的短语不能把介词提前，否则会失去动词短语的意义，如take care of，look for，look after 等。This i
16、s the right CD which Im looking for.三、区分定语从句、同位语从句、强调句 1.定语从句 V.S.同位语从句 1)定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系。a.The plane that has just taken off is for London.（_从句）b.The fact that he has been dead is clear.（_从句）2)定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由 that 引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由 when,w
17、here,how,why,whether,what 等词引导，充当成分。a.The news he told me is true.（_从句）b.The news that he has just died is true.（_从句）c.The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.（_从句）d.The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（_从句）2.定语从句 VS 强调句 1）It was about 60
18、0 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.that B.until C.before D.when 2）It was January 1st I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer A.that B.until Cbefore D.when 判断一个句子是否为强调句，可采用“还原法”，即在假设它为强调句的情况下，将“It is was that who ”去掉，判断所剩内容（经整理后）是否为一个完整的句子，若完整，就是强调句，否则，就是定语从句。一、基础练习：把以下句
19、子合并成为定语从句。1.I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music._ 2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress.I gave it to her._ 3.Seeing the picture,I was reminded of my dog.The dog s bravery had moved us greatly._ 用修饰句中的或的从句定语从句包括定语从句和定语从句两种先行词即的名词代词或短语定语从句通常置于在先行词之引导词关系词定语从句的引导词也称为关系词分为关系代词和关系副
20、词两种放定语从句前引出定语从句关系代词状时间状语语语先行词从句中的成分注用法特殊没有列入表中选择关系词的步骤找到定语从句和先行词把先行词放到定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分注意介词的位置确定是否是特殊用法选择合适的关系代词或关系句子中填入关系词重点提示选择关系词的关键是看它代替先行词在定语从句中所做的成分切忌只看先行词相同的先行词可能需要不同的关系词连接从句如分析句填因为在定语从句中作状语即在那些日子里我们在大学学习句填或也可4.I still remember the clinic.In the clinic I had been taken good care of._ 5.T
21、here comes a time.At the time you have to make a choice._ 6.This is the reason.For this reason we love our maths teacher._ 7.I don t like his way.He talked to me in the way._ 8.The author will visit our company.All of us are familiar with him._ 二、对比练习。1.He has two sons,_ are college students.He has
22、two sons,and _ are college students.2.He still lives in the room _window faces to the east.He still lives in the room the window _ faces to the east.3.There is no way _ it could be brought back to the earth.He was looking at her in a way _ surprised her.4.Galileo collected the facts _ proved the ear
23、th and all the other planets moved around the sun.Galileo discovered the fact _ the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.5.It is 11 o clock _ they went out of the cinema.It is at 11 o clock _ they went out of the cinema.三、请填入适当的关系词或“介词+关系代词”，使句子完整。1.Who is the man _ is sweeping the fl
24、oor over there?2.He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.3.The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.4.He is looking for his glasses _ he cant see anything.5.Behind him were other people _ he was trying to talk,6.This is a
25、subject _ we might argue for a long while.7.I wanted to find someone _I could discuss books and music.8.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.9.Jane paused in front of counter _ some attractive ties were on display.10.The head of the vill
26、age was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away _ there was a garage.用修饰句中的或的从句定语从句包括定语从句和定语从句两种先行词即的名词代词或短语定语从句通常置于在先行词之引导词关系词定语从句的引导词也称为关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种放定语从句前引出定语从句关系代词状时间状语语语先行词从句中的成分注用法特殊没有列入表中选择关系词的步骤找到定语从句和先行词把先行词放到定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分注意介词的位置确定是否是特殊用法选
27、择合适的关系代词或关系句子中填入关系词重点提示选择关系词的关键是看它代替先行词在定语从句中所做的成分切忌只看先行词相同的先行词可能需要不同的关系词连接从句如分析句填因为在定语从句中作状语即在那些日子里我们在大学学习句填或也可四、翻译句子。1.我们必须要考虑另一个的因素是，电视在我们的日常生活中起到了教育的作用。2.环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。3.人们往往会和观念与自己相近的人交朋友。4.手提电脑如今如此普及的一个重要原因是它使用方便。5.Three Idiots 是一部教我们要为了自己的兴趣而努力的励志电影。6.这个故事让我想起了了童年时代，当时我们过着幸福自由的生活。7.Th
28、e Day after Tomorrow为我们展示了一个世界,在那里我们面临着各种各样的灾难。8.这本书跟我昨天买的是一样的。附：定语从句相关的谚语 1.He _ is ill to himself will be good to nobody.人不自爱，焉能爱人？2.He who _(laugh)last laughs best.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。3.He who makes no mistakes makes _.不犯错误的人一事无成。4.All _ glitters is not gold.闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。5.Opportunity and luck always show
29、s appreciation for those who _(be)bold in struggling.机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。6.The only thing _we have to fear is fear itself.唯一让我们恐惧的事就是“恐惧”本身。用修饰句中的或的从句定语从句包括定语从句和定语从句两种先行词即的名词代词或短语定语从句通常置于在先行词之引导词关系词定语从句的引导词也称为关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种放定语从句前引出定语从句关系代词状时间状语语语先行词从句中的成分注用法特殊没有列入表中选择关系词的步骤找到定语从句和先行词把先行词放到定语从句中确定要填的关系
30、代词或副词作什么成分注意介词的位置确定是否是特殊用法选择合适的关系代词或关系句子中填入关系词重点提示选择关系词的关键是看它代替先行词在定语从句中所做的成分切忌只看先行词相同的先行词可能需要不同的关系词连接从句如分析句填因为在定语从句中作状语即在那些日子里我们在大学学习句填或也可一、基础练习 1.I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress(which/that)I gave to her.3.Seeing the picture,I was r
31、eminded of my dog whose bravery had moved us greatly.4.I still remember the clinic where(in which)I had been taken good care of.5.There comes a time when you have to make a choice.6.This is the reason why we love our maths teacher.7.I don t like his way in which(that/不填)he talked to me.8.The author
32、with whom all of are familiar will visit our company.二、对比练习 1.who;they 2.whose;of which 3.in which/that/不填；that/which 4.which/that;that 5.when;that 三、请填入适当的关系词或“介词+关系代词”，使句子完整。1.that 2.where 3.to whom 4.without which 5.to whom 6.about which 7.with whom 8.who 9.where 10.where 四、翻译句子 1.Another factor
33、we must consider is that television plays an educational role in our life.2.The environmental protection is a topic which is widely discussed by people nowadays.3.People tend to make friends with those people whose viewpoints are similar to their own.4.A major reason why lap-tops are so popular nowa
34、days is that it is easy to use.5.Three Idiots is an encouraging movie which teaches us to make efforts for our interest.6.This story reminds us of our childhood when we led a happy and free life.7.The Day after Tomorrow shows us a world where we face various disasters.8.This book is the same as I bo
35、ught yesterday.1.He who is ill to himself will be good to nobody.人不自爱，焉能爱人？2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。3.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.不犯错误的人一事无成。4.All that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。5.Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in strugglin
36、g.机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。6.The only thing(that)we have to fear is fear itself.唯一让我们恐惧的事就是“恐惧”本身。用修饰句中的或的从句定语从句包括定语从句和定语从句两种先行词即的名词代词或短语定语从句通常置于在先行词之引导词关系词定语从句的引导词也称为关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种放定语从句前引出定语从句关系代词状时间状语语语先行词从句中的成分注用法特殊没有列入表中选择关系词的步骤找到定语从句和先行词把先行词放到定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分注意介词的位置确定是否是特殊用法选择合适的关系代词或关系句子中填入关系词重点提示选择关系词的关键是看它代替先行词在定语从句中所做的成分切忌只看先行词相同的先行词可能需要不同的关系词连接从句如分析句填因为在定语从句中作状语即在那些日子里我们在大学学习句填或也可