《高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf（16页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、学习必备 欢迎下载 高考英语改错常见考点大剖析及经典习题 高考短文改错命题焦点：短文改错是全国统一高考中一种综合性很强的试题。短文改错的文章多采用记叙文，有时也用说明文。在 100 词左右的短文中设有十个小题，该题的设计形式有四种：1该行错一个词，找出来并改正。2该行多一个词，找出来并去掉。3该行缺一个词，补上一词。4该行没错，不改动。从近几年的高考题来看，这四种形式的考查情况大致为：多一词 12 处；缺一词 12 处；正确 1 处；错一词 56 处。这种题说到底是考查用词、词的搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平。换句话说，这是一种比较全面的考查。我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词
2、不离句，句不离篇，要特别注意词的用法、搭配和语法分析能力的培养。平时打好这种基础，就为正确地解题准备了条件。短文改错解题技巧：快速阅读掌握大意。短文改错时应先从头到尾快速读一遍，了解其大意，这样有助于了解其中的逻辑关系，对时态、人称等都心中有数。十行中一般有九行有错误，一行无错，如发现并纠正错误，首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解，阅读中注意句子的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词或动词短语，注意句子中的名词、数词，以及其他词性的语法要求，注意句子之间的逻辑关系，注意段落的主旨内容，注意整篇短文的中心内容，这样才更加有效地完成改错。在改错过程中，要结合上下文语境来观察，不要只盯住一行。按照上述的原
3、则，对语法、句法、逻辑词义、搭配等诸方面进行综合考查分析并改正错误，应看上下文中有无逻辑关系上的错误，有无语法修饰上的错误，有无惯用法方面的错误。如果没有发现明显错误，则分别检查时态、人称，单复数，主谓一致等各项。检查句与句之间的逻辑关系是否恰当。如有不妥之处，看看是否关联词有问题。整篇做完后，认真检查一遍，注意其中逻辑关系是否合理，时态人称等是否 一致。短文改错常见考点：多一词：抽象名词前多一冠词：如：Modern people know more about the health.（去掉 the）学习必备 欢迎下载 专有名词前多一冠词：如:the England(去掉 the),the H
4、ebei Province（去掉 the）,the Beijing Airport（去掉 the）固定词组中名词前多一冠词：如：go to the school（去掉 the）,go to the prison（去掉 the）,at the work（去掉 the）,in the bed（去掉 the）,go to the hospital（去掉 the）,set a fire to sth（去掉 a）.,at the first（去掉 the）,the most of them（去掉 the）,at the noon（去掉 the）,make a rapid progress（去掉 a），a
5、 plenty of（去掉 a）表示交通工具的和 by 连用的名词前多一冠词：如：by the air（去掉 the）,by the bus（去掉 the）,by the ship（去掉 the）表示体育活动的名词前；如：play the football（去掉 the）,play the basketball（去掉 the）表示节日（常含有 Day）的名词前多一冠词：如：the National Day（去掉 the）,the May Day（去掉 the）表示“非常”意思的“most”前多一冠词：如：He is the most hardworking.（去掉 the）某种让步状语从句中名
6、词前面多一冠词：如：A child as he is,he knows a lot.（去掉 a）在表示时间的“one/this/every+名词”的时间状语前多一介词：如：on one day（去掉 on）,on that evening（去掉 on）,in every week（去掉 in）某些及物动词因混淆词义而多一介词或副词；如：raise up ones hand（去掉 up）pick（摘）up apples（去掉 up）return back(回来)（去掉 back）repeat again（去掉 again）种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中
7、设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 play with them in the ma
8、tch（去掉 with）marry with the man（去掉 with）serve for the people（去掉 for）enter into the room（去掉 into）I learn English every day to improve it better（去掉 better）.表示地点的副词前多一介词：如：go to there（去掉 to）drive to home（去掉 to）return to home（去掉 to）某些动词、连词、介词或副词后面多了一个介词：如：because of his left leg was broken（去掉 of）instead
9、of he developed his love for the theatre（去掉 of）I looked at but could see nothing.（去掉 at）join in the army（去掉 in）状语从句和主句间多一并列连词：如：Although he is very busy,but he often helps us with housework.（去掉 but）As the weather was good,so I decided to go there yesterday.（去掉 so）充当状语的分词和主句之间多了并列连词：如：Her husband die
10、d,and leaving her three children.（去掉 and）He sat under the tree and reading a magazine.（去掉 and）作定语的分词前多一代词：如：The child who reading a book is her brother.（去掉 who）种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学
11、习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 How I regretted the hours which wasted in the woods.（去掉 which）定语从句中多一代词：如：The film that I saw it yesterday is good.（去掉 it）This
12、is the very book that I am looking for it.（去掉 it）He is the man we talked about him.（去掉 him）在“连词+分词”结构中多一代词：如：While I waiting for a bus,I found a wallet lying on the ground.（去掉 waiting 前的 I）If it heated,ice turns to water.（去掉 it）在某些固定结构中多了“to”，如：I would rather stay at home than to go to the cinema wi
13、th you.（去掉第一个 to）Why not to take a holiday for a good rest?（去掉 to）She said she would rather not to discuss it right now.（去掉 to）You had better not to go there.（去掉 to）I made them to do the cleaning.（去掉 to）I had him to clean the room.（去掉 to）We noticed him to walk out of the garden.（去掉 to）I often hear h
14、er to sing the song.（去掉 to）缺一词：表一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词：如：A/The horse is a useful animal.单数可数名词前缺少表示“一”的不定冠词，如：There is a library in every town in Britain.种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句
15、不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 Good health is a persons most valuable possession.特指名词前缺定冠词 the,如：Have you read the books by Mark Twain?The book on the desk is mine.作状语的动词不
16、定式缺“to”，如：David and I want to go off to find help and other organizations are working to improve health all over the world.形容词最高级前缺定冠词 the,如：one of the earliest kinds of money such 或 so 与单数名词连用时不可缺少冠词，如：This is such a good book that I like it.He is so good a student that all the teachers like him.姓氏
17、复数形式（表示一家人或夫妇二人）前面缺一冠词，如：The Turners are watching TV.表示世纪的某个年代前面缺一冠词，如：In the 1870s,when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia.表示“一个名叫的人”前缺一冠词，如：A Miss Lee is waiting for you outside.“形容词比较级+of the two”前缺一冠词，如：He is the taller of the two.某些固定短语中缺一冠词，如
18、：in the end,go to the cinema,in the daytime,on the right 种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字
19、有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 抽象名词具体化时前面缺一冠词，如：The meeting held yesterday was a success.It is a famous Chinese tea.The experiment turned out to be a failure.作定语的不定式后缺少必要的介词，如：He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.I need a pen to w
20、rite with.一些固定短语或习惯搭配中缺介词，如：He didnt reply to my letter.Are you sure about it?Thousands and thousands of people like watching TV.Dr Wang started to operate on them at once.He grasped my hands and asked for my name and address.Just then a man came to me and asked what I was looking for.并列句缺并列连词，如：He
21、was tired and it was getting dark.He asked me to go,so I went.He is old,but he is still strong.名词性从句中缺少必要的连接词，如：That he will come is certain.It is uncertain whether he can come or not.种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的
22、水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun.They expressed the hope that they would come ov
23、er to visit China again.定语从句中缺少必要的关系代词，如：The police have found the knife with which the man killed his wife.The changes that/which have taken place are great.Is this the boy who did the good deed?缺少为避免重复而使用的替代词“that 或 those”，如：The population is much larger than that of Canada.The weather of Beijing
24、is as good as that of Shijiazhuang.The bikes made in Shanghai are better than those made in Beijing.“make,let,have,see,hear,notice,observe,watch”等动词变成被动语态时缺少“to”，如：They were made to work fourteen hours a day by the landlord.He was noticed to cross the street.为避免重复而使用的不定式省略形式缺少了 to,如：If you dont want
25、 to do it,you dont need to.I wanted to go out,but my mother told me not to.Dont leave the room unless I tell you to.错一词：名词的单复数错误，如：Different people speak different language.(language languages)We have been to Europe many time.(timetimes)His word were a great encouragement to me.(wordwords)种综合性很强的试题短
26、文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎
27、下载 There are branch library in many villages.(librarylibraries)动词时态、语态的错误，如：Last Saturday police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.(hurry hurried)Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.(is was)Anyone may borrow books,and it cost nothing to borrow them.(costcosts)形容
28、词、副词混用错误（修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词、整个句子应用副词，修饰系动词、名词应用形容词）及其他词性错误，如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.(wonderfully wonderful)A players native language is not importance.(importanceimportant)Also,the sport teaches us the important of obedience.(importantimportan ce)Unfortunate,there are too many pe
29、ople(UnfortunateUnfortunately)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的错误，如：The game speaks for themselves.(themselves itself)The Blacks did his best to make me feel at home.(histheir)非谓语动词使用错误，如：I was oft en a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.(watch watching 动名词短语作主语)I am looking forwar
30、d to seeing you and enjoy the talk.(enjoyenjoying,与 seeing 是平行结构)He always went there to have his hair cut and wash.(washwashed,与 cut 是 平行结构，采用的是 have sth done 结构)同义词、近义词、形似词错误，如：across 与 through,among 与 between,except 与 besides,like 与 as,ago 与 before,accept 与receive,living 与 alive,let 与 allow,lonel
31、y 与 alone,too 与 either,cost、spend、pay 与 take,hard与 hardly,worth 与 worthy,raise 与 rise,likely 与 possible,near 与 nearly,lend 与 borrow,job 与work,deep 与 deeply,answer 与 reply,high 与 highly,sit 与 seat,wide 与 widely,try 与 manage,种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉
32、该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 neither 与 either,so 与 such,every day 与 everyday,all 与 both,every
33、 与 each,find 与 found（建立）,lie（躺）、lie（撒谎）与 lay（放置、生产）,hang（挂）与 hang（绞死）sound 与 voice,place与 room,forget 与 leave,hope 与 wish,call on 与 call at 如：I raised my sound so that I could be heard.(soundvoice,voice 表示人的嗓音)There isnt any place for me in the bus.(placeroom,room 为不可数名词表示“空间”)I forgot my umbrella i
34、n the classroom.(forgotleft,leave 表示“剩留，把某物忘在某地”)I hope you to come earlier next time.(hopewish,hope 后面不能跟“宾语+动词不定式”的复合结构)He made such much progress that he was praised by the teacher.(suchso,当 many/much/few/little 表示“多或少”的含义时，前面常用 so)I received an invitation but I didnt receive it.(receiveaccept,ac
35、cept 表示“主观接受”)You should rise your hand before asking the question.(riseraise,rise 是不及物动词，raise 是及物动词)关系词用错，如：I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.(whenthat,先行词在定语从句中作宾语)Ill never forget the day that I went abroad myself.(thatwhen,先行词在定语从句中作时间状语)The tool with that he is working is call
36、ed a saw.(thatwhich,介词后面的关系代词不能用 that)If he will come to the ball has nothing to do with me.(IfWhether,if 不能引导主语从句)The fact which water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen is undeniable.(whichthat,that 引导同位语从句只起连接作用，不做句子成分)连词使用错误，种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词
37、找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 如：if 与 unless,because 与 for,when 与 while We tried to fix i
38、t and there was nothing we could do.(andbut)If packages of food could be dropped from planes,the people might get hungry.(IfUnless)He was walking by the sea while he heard a voice for help.(whilewhen,此时，when 不译作“当的时候”，而表示“正在时，这时另一件事发生了”。)感叹词用错：what 和 how 其他情况：介词使用错误，情态动词使用错误，冠词使用错误等。短文改错典型习题：This is
39、 a extraordinary animal in every way.He is not 1._ a fish,as people might think,but a mammal.2._ Off all the animals this brain comes closest to the 3._ human brain in all shape and size.He is able to 4._ send out and imitate(模仿)sounds,so some scientist 5._ declare that they can actually teach them
40、to speak.The 6._ dolphin(海豚)is the only animal which is fond of mans 7._ company.There are a great deal old stories of a dolphin 8._ saving human beings or guide ships away from dangerous 9._ sand banks.He is a creature at many gifts.He also gives 10._ pleasure to seamen during their off-duty hours
41、by jumping and racing about in the water.答案与详解：1.aan 在以元音开头的单词前应用不定冠词 an。2.正确。3.offof 由comes closest 可知这里副词 close 的最高级。短语 of all常用在最高级中表示范围。句中意为“在所有的动物中与最接近”。副词 off 不能表达此意。4.allboth 连词词组 bothand用于连接两个对等的成分，即 shape 和 size.“in both shape and size”意种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该
42、行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 为：在形状与大小两个方面，故 all 应改为 both。5.scientistsc
43、ientists some 后面的可数名词应加 s 构成复数形式。6.themhim 由文中 He is 和 The dolphin is可判断，此处用第三人称单数的宾格形式，即 him。7.whichthat 注意 animal 前的修饰词 only.定语从句中，如先行词前有 only 修饰，其关系代词用 that。8.dealmany 句中 stories 为一可数名词，应由 a great many 来修饰。短语 a great deal of 通常用来修饰不可数名词。9.guideguiding 连词 or 常用来连接两个相等的成分，前者是 saving，因此 guide 须改成 gu
44、iding。or 常译作“或者”、“还是”。10.atof 根据句意，应改 at 为 of。of many gifts 在句中作定语，修饰 a creature,意为“具有天赋的动物”。介词 at 不能表达此意。What did we use to do after there was television?1._ We used to have hobbies,and going outside for our 2._ amusements.We even used to read book and listen to 3._ music and broadcast talks occasi
45、onally.All which 4._ belongs to the past.Now all our free time are controlled 5._ by the“box”.We rush home or gulp(吞)down 6._ our meals to be in time for this and that programme.7._ We have even given up sit at table and having a leisurely(从容地)8._ evening meal,exchanging a news of the day.9._ If any
46、 member of the family dare to open 10._ his mouth during a programme,he is quickly silenced.答案与详解：种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一种比较全面的考查我们在平时的学习中就要注意做到词不离句句不离篇要特别注意词的用法搭配和语法分析能力的培养平时打这种基础就为正确地解题准备了条件短文改错解题
47、称等都心中有数十行中一般有九行有错误一行无错如发现并纠正错误首要的任务是对全段文字有个整体的理解阅读中注意句子的时态语态语气非谓语动词或动词短语注意句子中的名词数词以及其他词性的语法要求注意句子之间的逻学习必备 欢迎下载 1.afterbefore 根据上下文可判断，此句的意思为：在没有电视之前我们干些什么呢？2.goinggo and 连结语法作用相同的单词、短语或句子，前面 have 是动词原形，后面 go 也要用动词原形。3.bookbooks book 是可数名词，此处泛指我们过去有时也读书。应用作复数形式。4.whichthat that 是指示代词，它一般用在 all,the on
48、ly,the same,no 或形容词 的最高级后面。5.areis time 作“时间”讲时是一个不可数名词。6.正确。7.andor or 此句意为“我们囫囵吞下我们的饭，为的是及时去观看这个或那个节目”。此处为选择的意思，不是并列关系。8.sitsitting 动词短语 give up 后应跟名词或名词性的短语，故应用 sit 的动名词形式。9.athe news 是一个不可数名词，故不可用 a 修饰。此处指互相交换当天的情况，所以用定冠词。10.daredares 此处 dare 实意动词，它的主语为单数。By midday the sun was such strong that J
49、im could 1._ not go any further.There were no tree near the path,2._ so he took a shelter under a big rock.After drink 3._ the rest of his water,he took off his shirt and rolled them 4._ into a pillow.Then he lied down and went to sleep.5._ It was late in the afternoon when he awoke.He was 6._ about
50、 to sit up when he felt something move near his feet.7._ He looked up.A long snake was about to crawl across his 8._ legs.Jim watched,too terrified not to do anything.The 9._ 种综合性很强的试题短文改错的文章多采用记叙文有时也用说明文在词左右的短文中设有十个小题该题的设计形式有四种该行错一个词找出来并改正该行多一个词找出来并去掉该行缺一个词补上一词该行没错不改动从近几年的高考法及语篇中的行文逻辑等各方面的水平换句话说这是一