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1、定语从句 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词 二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：which that 先行词是人：who whom that 在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 1.They had a radio.It could send out messages.They had a radio which/that could send out message.(主语)2.T
2、he girl is my best friend.She spoke just now._ 3.He always buys some books.He never read them._ 注意点：1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g.4.The man who lives next door sells vegetables.The man sells vegetables who lives next door.()5.The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.The car was d
3、estroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought.()2）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g.6.The young man(whom)you saw was our manager.7.There is something(that)we must keep in mind.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分 1.The man who told me the news refused to give me the name.2.The airline has a booklet which will tell
4、 you most of the important things about a trip to Europe.3.He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit.4.He is the man whom we all respect.5.There is somebody who wants to see you.6.The house I would like to buy is not for sale.7.The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive.whose 的用法：关
5、系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g.1.The girl is my daughter.Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.2.The book is not mine.The cover of it is red.The book whose cover is red is not mine (The book the cover of which is red is not mine)3.Do y
6、ou know anyone?His family is in Xian._ 4.I live in the room.The windows of it face south._ 5.The chair has been repaired.The leg of it was broken._ that 与 which 的区别 1）用 that 而不用 which 的情况 先行词为不定代词 all,anything,nothing,little,few,much something someone；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有 the only,the very,any,the
7、same,the last 等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。.避免重复 Who is the person that is standing there?e.g.There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。_ 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。_ 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用 which 而不用 that 的情况：引导非限制性定
8、语从句；指代前面整个主句的意思；介词+关系代词。e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.This is the room in which my father lived last year.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分 1.What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day.2.I saw some trees whose leaves were black wit
9、h disease.3.It was a meeting whose importance I didnt realize at the time.4.The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China.5.Miss Smith,who you met at our house,is going to marry Mr.Harry.6.He failed in the exam,which made his classmates surprised.关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以
10、提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用 which 或 whom e.g.1.The man is a famous runner.You talked to him just now.The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.2.The chair is made of wood.He is sitting on it now.The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.3.He is a library assistant.I borrowed some books f
11、rom him._ 4.It is a famous school.He graduated from it 3 years ago._ 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行词也可以修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的
12、唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介词关系代词找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配)介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即 through the telescope)有一些动词短语中的介词是固
13、定搭配，不可以拆开，(look after take care of look for)e.g.5.He is the student./The teachers are looking for him.He is the student who the teachers are looking for.6.The number of the children is 30./She takes care of the children.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成
14、分 1.This is the house about which we wrote to you.2.Wu Dong,with whom I went to the concert,enjoyed it very much.3.He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.4.This is Peter in whose house I have lived for five years.关系副词：when where why 当先行词是表示时间的名词，用 when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这
15、时一般可以用介词which 来代替:e.g.1.I will never forget the day./I went to university on that day.I will never forget the day when/on which I went to university.2.He still remember the morning./The earthquake happened on that morning._ 当先行词是表示地点的名词，用 where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词which 来代替:e.g.3.This is the house
16、./He used to live in the house.This is the house where/in which he used to live.4.I know of a place./We can swim in the place._ 先行词是表示原因的名词，即 reason，用 why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用 for which 来代替:e.g.5.I dont know the reason./He did it for this reason.I dont know the reason why/for which he did it.6.The r
17、eason was not clear./He was fired for this reason.语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行词也可以修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介词关系代词找
18、出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分 1.I know a forest where you can find wild strawberries.2.Is there any reason why you should have a holiday.3.I will show you the way to the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying.4.Be sure to call on us nex
19、t time when you come to town.5.We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese.第五讲 注意点：要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g.1.This is the house He visited it yesterday.This is the house.He once lived in it.This is the house which/that/he visited yesterday.This is the ho
20、use where/in which he once lived.2.We will remember the day.We spent the day together._ We will remember the day.We worked on this day together._ 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分 1.I will show you to the factory which produces this kind of TV sets.2.I will show you to the factory where he has worked for f
21、ive years.3.I will show you to the factory whose workers are all disabled people.4.I will show you to the factory which your factory once visited five years ago.语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行词也可以
22、修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介词关系代词找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关 语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行
23、词也可以修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介词关系代词找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关 第六讲 定语从句时特别注意的几个问题 as 引导定语从句时的用法 1.as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于 the same as,such as 结构中。e.g.Such machines as are used in our workshop are made
24、in China.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。_ 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。2.as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常用下列句型:as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,as is announced,as we all know,as I expect 等。e.g.As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句
25、的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks.（one 为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（students 为先行词
26、）定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g.There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。e.g.October 1,1949 was the day on which(=when)the Peoples Republic of China was founded.几个特殊的定语从句句型：1.Is this place the one(that)we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that/whi
27、ch)we visited yesterday?2.situation 后常用 where,in which 引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?3.way(方式，方法)后常用 in which 或 that 或省略来引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how)he worked out the problem?4.He stood at the window,from where he could see what was happ
28、ening.It may rain,in which case the match will be put off.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分 1.He is a teacher,as is clear form his manner.2.As is known to all,water resources are very limited on the earth.3.He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.4.They stayed for the night in the same room
29、as they had once rented 5.I dont like the way he speaks.语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行词也可以修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介
30、词关系代词找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关6.He is one of the students who know the Japanese.7.He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese.1.I will never forget the day _which/that/不填_ we spent together in the countryside I will never forget the days_during which/when_
31、we stayed together in the countryside 2.This is the reason _that/which/不填_ they told me This is the reason _for which/why_ he turned down the job 非限制定语从句 1.逗号隔开 2.翻译成并列句，去掉之后句子完整 3.不能用 that 4.which 可以指代某一个先行词 也可以指代一句话 He lost his book,which made his mother very angery as 在非限定性从句中的使用 1.表示正如。一样 2.替代 w
32、hich 放句首 He must be from Africa,_which_ can be seen from his skin As can be seen from his skin,he must be from Africa As is known to all,he is a hero He is a hero,which is known to all It is known to all that he is a hero He has 2 sons,one of whom is a doctor He has 2 sons and one of them is a docto
33、r He has 2 sons,neither of whom is a doctor He has 2 sons,_both_ of whom are doctors He has 3 sons,none of whom is a doctor He has 3 sons,all of whom are doctors He is one of the scientists who _are_known by the world He is the only one of the scientists who _is _known by the world He is such a good
34、 student that everyone likes him very much(如此以至于)He is such a person as you told me He invited me to the party,and it is kind of him He inviten me to the party,which is kind of him He failed in the exam,_as_ we had expected 语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并
35、成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行词也可以修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介词关系代词找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关 Can you see the closet _ on the top of which_ I put the flower vase?Can
36、you see the closet _on whose top_ I put the flower vase?All(that)you need is his help What you need is his help all that=what Is this the museum _ you visited yesterday?This is the museum that/which/不填 you visited yesterday.Is this museum _ you visited yesterday?This museum is the one that/which/不填
37、you visited yesterday.This is the place_in which/where_ you have worked for ten years This is the place _to which _ you pay a visit last year I will never forget the day _which/that/不填_ we spent together in the countryside I will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in the cou
38、ntryside （2）高一英语定语从句 1、需要注意的问题 保持谓语和先行词的一致 e.g.He is one of the greatest writers who are living now.e.g.He is the only one of the boys who has joined the army.whose 引导定语从句时，人、物皆可。不能只看先行词，还要注意引导词在句子中充当什么成分。避免关系词的重复，被关系代词说替代的部分不可在从句中重复出现。e.g.This is the book we have read it together.reason,way后关系词的用法
39、e.g.This is the reason(for which/why/that)he was absent yesterday.e.g.I dont like the way(in which/that)he does everything.在比较级中，than 充当关系代词，在从句中作主语。e.g.The results of his study have turned out to be more satisfactory than was expected.2、使用 that 的几种情况 先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰 先行词前有不定代词修饰，如 the same,the onl
40、y one,all,both,everything,nothing 当主句是以 who,which开始的特殊疑问句时，从句用 that，避免重复 先行词既指人，又指物 e.g.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospital that you are talking about.关系代词充当表语 e.g.He is not the man that he used to be.=He is not what he used to be.3、where 引导的定语从句和地点状语从句 语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充
41、当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行词也可以修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介词关系代词找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关where 引导的定语从句必须有先行词。如：place,
42、school,city,house,room等 where 不是修饰性名词，而是修饰其前整个句子，在句子中作地点状语。e.g.Make a mark where you have any questions.4、when,where,why引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别 相同点：在两种从句中都可以充当状语成分 不同点：1 作关系副词引导定语从句时有跟它们含义相应的先行词 2 作关系副词引导定语从句时，可以改为“prep.+which”来引导 3 作连接副词引导同位语从句时没有与它们含义相应的先行词 e.g.Ill never forget the day when(=on which)we
43、met for the first time.e.g.I have no idea when we met for the first time 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。关联词 常见的关联词有关系代词 that，which，who，whom，whose 和关系副词 where，when，why 等。种类 1由 that 引导的定语从句 一般情况下 that 可指人或物，可以代替 who，whom和 which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。如：The comrad
44、e that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。2由 who，whom和 whose 引导的定语从句 who 在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose 在从句中作定语。如：This is
45、the thief who stole my bike这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。He is the boy whom you wanted to find他就是你想要找的那个男孩。The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。3由 which 引导的定语从句 which 指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如：The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫西行漫记。Th
46、e house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。4由 where，when和 why引导的定语从句 where 在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why 在从句中作原因状语。如：I will never forget the day when I joined the League我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。He will go back to the school where he studied next week下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。I dont know
47、 the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。语从句并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物先行词是人在从句中充当的成分主语宾语先找关系词看先行词指的是什么看关系词在从句中所充当的成分把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句注意点定语从句
48、一般直接跟成分的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格即的时它既可以修饰指人的先行词也可以修饰指物的先行词与的区别用而不用的情况先行词为不定代词先行词有最高级修饰有序数词修饰先行词有等词修饰先行词既有人又有物时避免重先生是他认识的唯一的外国人用而不用的情况引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个主句的意思介词关系代词找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时介词常可以提前但介词提前时关18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
49、1）who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that 在从句中作宾语）2)Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同 of which互换）,例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过
50、去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了