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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 八年级重点语法专项讲练（培优专用）(八上)重点语法 简单句的五种基本类型 简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。简单句只包含一个主谓结构，各成分都有词或词组担任。1.主语+不及物动词（S+vi.）。例如：He swims well.他游泳游得很好。The children are playing.孩子们正在玩。注意：有些不及物动词之后可以加上一个介词或副词构成动词短语。这时，这个动词短语可以接宾语。例如：He is waiting for me.他正在等我。Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。2.主语+
2、及物动词+宾语（S+vt.+O）。例如：We speak English.我们会说英语。He is watching TV now.现在他正在看电视。3.主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）。例如：The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。She felt worried.她感到担心。注意：be 是常见的连系动词，除 be 之外，能够用作连系动词的词还有：look,taste,sound,seem,feel,smell,become,grow,get,turn 等。4.主语+及物动词.+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+vt.+IO+DO）。例如：She showed her friends al
3、l her pictures.她把她所有的图画都拿给她的朋友看。He bought me a new bike.他给我买了一辆新的自行车。注意：“直接宾语+间接宾语”又叫双宾语。表示人的名词或代词称为间接宾语，而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时，在间接宾语之前应该加介词 to 或 for。例如：Please give me a pen.=Please give a pen to me.请给我一支钢笔。My mother bought me a pair of shoes.=My mother bought a pair of shoes
4、for me.我的妈妈给我买了一双鞋。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+vt.+O+C）。例如：We can keep it warm.我们会保持它温暖。Lin Tao asked his father to buy a new bag.林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包。Ling Feng made the baby stop crying.凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭。注意：1）能够作宾语补足语的结构常是：动词不定式，现在分词（短语），过去分词（短语），形容词，副词，介词短语等。2）在动词 see,watch,hear,feel,let,make 等后面用不定式作宾语补足语时，应该省略不定式标志
5、 to。单项选择：a.S+V b.S+V+O c.S+V+P d.S+V+IO+DO e.S+V+O+C 1.Danny speaks English._ 2.Mum bought me a new bike._3.Everyone laughed.4.I felt hungry.5.He helped me do my homework.非谓语动词 动词原形：1.Let/make/help sb.do sth.(让/使得/帮助某人做某事)2.hear/see/notice/watch sb.do sth.(do sth 强调这个动作的全过程，意味着已经过去或经常进行)3.Why not do
6、 sth?(为什么不做某事？)4.had better(not)do sth.(最好(不)做某事)5.Will/Would you please(not)do sth?(请你(不)做某事好吗?)1.The hospital is very far from here.Youd better _(catch)a bus.2.I hear you bought a new watch,Let me _(have)a look at your watch.学习必备 欢迎下载 3.Jim told us a funny story and the story made us _(laugh).4.Th
7、e problem is very hard,Why not _(ask)the teacher for help?5.Its time for class,Would you please _(keep)quiet?()6.-Will you please _at 7 oclock?-Yes,I will.A.to wake me up B.to wake up me C.wake me up D.wake up me()7.This is a new word.why _ in the dictionary.A.not look up it B.not look it up C.dont
8、you look up it D.both B and C()8.Dont make me _ this or that.Im too busy!A.to do B.doing C.do D.done 9.-May I listen to the music here,Mr.White?-Sorry,Youd better _it like that.A.not to do B.not do C.dont do D.not do to ()10.-Do you often hear John _ in his room?-Listen!Now we can hear him _ in his
9、room.A.sing;to sing B.singing;singing C.sing;singing D.to sing;singing 动名词:动名词既具有名词的特征，在句子中既可做主语、表语、宾语和定语，又保留了动词的功能，可以有自己的宾语和状语而构成动名词短语。动名词的形式是：动词加 ing。当动名词在句子中作主语时，其谓语动词必须用单数形式。动名词的用法：(1)作主语：用于表示的是泛指的而不是一次性的动作。动名词作主语经常采用 it 作形式主语。如：Playing football in the street is very dangerous.=It is very danger
10、ous to play football in the street.Reading books in bed is bad for our eyes.(2)作宾语。如：Many businessmen enjoy playing golf and tennis.主要结构有：like/enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事);finish doing sth.(做完某事);prastice doing sth(练习作做某事);have fun doing sth.(做某事开心);keep sb.doing sth.(让某人持续做某事);give up doing sth.(放弃做某事);
11、thanks for doing sth.(感谢做某事);look forward to doing sth.(渴望做某事);be good at=do well in(擅长做某事);What/How about doing sth?(做某事怎么样?);spend some time/money in doing sth.(花费时间/金钱做某事);stop doing sth.(停止做某事);need doing sth.(需要做某事，物作主语);without doing sth.(没有做某事)(3)做表语。主要结构有：be busy doing(忙于做）/The new term is c
12、oming.The students are busy cleaning the classroom.(4)做定语：There is a shop selling all kinds of things near the train station.(4)标识语：No smoking!(禁止吸烟！)No parking!(禁止停车！)(5)去做某事：go swimming/shopping/fishing/skating/boating.A.填空 1.Stop _(talk),please,The film has begun.2.Can you finish _(draw)a picture
13、 in five minutes?3.Most of young people enjoy _(sing)pop songs.4.-Cant you see the signNo _(smoke)?-Sorry,I didnt see it.7.I m sorry to have kept you _(wait)for a long time.8._(do)morning exercises is good for our health.10.The doctor is busy _(operate)on the patient.12.The boy was so angry that he
14、left the room without _(say)a word.15.My bike is broken,It needs _(repair).16.-Bob speaks Chinese quite well.-Yes,so he does.He practices_(speak)Chinese every day.17.They spent the whole day in_(visit)their relatives and friends.18.Jake Booth is good at _(paint).19.-What about _(fly)kites after scho
15、ol this afternoon?-Thats a good idea!20.-Would you like to go _(swim)with us this Sunday?-Id love to,but my parents wont allow me.21.I have fun _(play)the piano after school.22.Mary is looking forward to _(visit)the Great Wall one day.动词不定式：没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状
16、语，它还具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。它的形式是 to+动词原形，否定式为 not to+动词原形。要点结构：A.动词不定式可以直接做主语。但在英语中，常用 it 做形式主语,真正主语不定式放在后面，用 Its+adj./n.+to do sth.句型。如：To learn a foreign language well is very important.Its our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.B.不定式用在系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语。My work is to
17、 clean the street every day.C.做宾语补足语。可以带 to 的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有 tell/ask/encourage/teach/advise sb.(not)to do sth.还可以构成 find it+adj+to do sth.(it 为形式宾语)D.做宾语：主要结构有 would like/hope/forget/列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子叫简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构各成分都有词或词组担任主语不及物动词例如接宾语而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时在词之后可以加上一个介词或副了一
18、双鞋词构成动词短语这时这个动词短语可以接宾语例如他正在等我请看黑板主语及物动词宾语例如我们会说英语现在他正在看电视主语连系动词表语例如这辆自行车是新的她感到担心注意是常见的朋友看他给我买了一辆新的自行车注意直接宾语间接宾语又叫双宾语表示的名词或代词称为间主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语例如我们会保持它温暖林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭注意能够作宾语补足语的结构学习必备 欢迎下载 remember/try ones best/need/decide/agree/.to do sth.E.做定语：不定式做定语须放在被修饰词的后面。如：Be quiet!I have something
19、important to tell you.The best time to plant trees is in spring.The best way to learn English is to use it.注意：如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。如：The room is too small for us to live in.I have no pen to write with.F.做状语：目的状语:如：To learn English,Miss Liu went to England in 1997.The students were so tired that
20、they stopped to have a rest.原因状语：如：Im sorry to hear that.Im glad to see you again.结果状语:如：The boy is too young to join the army.The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.G.与疑问词连用：如：what to do/how to do it/which one to choose/where to go/when to start.A.填空 1.Its very important for us _(learn)Englis
21、h well.2.My home is near our school.It takes me half an hour _(walk)there.3.Its half past six now.Its time for us _(have)supper.4.We find it easy _(find)a good job if you study English well.5.Im an English teacher.My job is _(teach)English.6.My ambition is _(be)a doctor,what about yours?7.-Would you
22、 like _(go)swimming with me this afternoon?-Yes,Id love to.8.Try your best _(learn)English well,youll find a good job.9.Dont forgot _(turn)off the lights when you leave.10.My parents often encourage me _(study)hard at school.12.The teacher told us _(not talk)in class.14.Be quiet!I have something imp
23、ortant _(tell)you.15.Im hungry,please go and get something _(eat).16.The boy is four years old,he is too young _(go)to school.17.We have worked for two hours.Now lets stop _(have)a rest.18.There are so many kinds of shoes,I cant decide which one _(buy).C.句型转换:2.Can you tell me how I can get to the p
24、ost office?(同义句)Can you tell me how_ _to the post office?4.I hope that I can see him as soon as possible.(同义句)I hope _ _ him as soon as possible.5.The boy is so young that he cant join the army.(同义句)The boy is _ young _join the army.6.To understand business English is hard.(同义句)_ is hard _ _ busines
25、s English.分词：分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词主要结构有：see/hear/notice/watch sb.doing sth.过去分词主要结构有：be worried about;be pleased with;be interested in;be surprised;get lost/dressed/married;books written by Luxun;cars made in Japan;填空。1.There is something wrong with my leg,I think its _(break).3.I think the shop is _(
26、close)at this time of day.4.Keep together,or youll get _(lose).6.We were _(surprise)to hear the news.8.Can you tell me when your sister got _(marry)?9.You look _(worry).Whats the matter?17.On my way home,I saw a wallet _(lie)on the ground.（七年级）基础语法 连系动词 用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。常见的有：be;seem;look;sou
27、nd;smell;feel;taste;get;become;turn,grow等。1.You look _(worry),whats the matter with you?2.When spring comes,the weather gets _(warm)and the days get _(long).（）4.Dont eat the meat.It smells _.A.badly B.delicious C.well D.terrible 5.Father is sleeping.Youd better _.A.keep quietly B.keep quiet C.to kee
28、p quiet D.to keep quietly 6.-_are you feeling now?-Much better.A.What B.How C.Where D.When 7.The apple _(尝起来)very sweet.Please give me some more.8.It _(似乎)that he has been to many countries.助动词 本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，不能单独做谓列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子叫简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构各成分都有词或词组担任主语不及物动词例如接宾语而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之
29、前当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时在词之后可以加上一个介词或副了一双鞋词构成动词短语这时这个动词短语可以接宾语例如他正在等我请看黑板主语及物动词宾语例如我们会说英语现在他正在看电视主语连系动词表语例如这辆自行车是新的她感到担心注意是常见的朋友看他给我买了一辆新的自行车注意直接宾语间接宾语又叫双宾语表示的名词或代词称为间主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语例如我们会保持它温暖林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭注意能够作宾语补足语的结构学习必备 欢迎下载 语。助动词有 be;have;will;shall;would 和 do 等。助动词在句中和实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。简单
30、句 英语中的句子按其用途和意义，可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。A.单数句型与复数句型：单数句型改为复数句型时，相应的单数形式，比如主语、谓语、宾语和表语等都要改为复数形式，不可遗漏。1.He/she is a student._ _ students.2.Its an old photo._ are old _.3.This/that is a big tomato._/_ are big _.当名词作定语时，不可轻易将名词改为复数形式，因为名词作定语常用单数形式。1.Its an apple tree._ _ apple trees.2.There is a shoe shop
31、near my house.There _ _ shoe shops near my house.复数句型改为单数句型时，注意将名词复数变为单数形式，若名词是泛指类别时，一定要加不定冠词。1.These/those are interesting stories._/_ is _ interesting story.2.They are orange dresses._ is _ orange dress.B.肯定句变否定句：一般在 be 动词（am;is;are;was;were)、助动词（do;does;did;will;would have;has;had)、情态动词（can;may)后
32、加 not，往往要缩写，有些不定代词可以用其反义词构成句子的否定。例如：something-nothing much-little many-few everybody-nobody everyone-no one always-never often-seldom 一些副词也要随之变化。例如：too-either already-yet some/something-any/anything;and 连接两个并列成分时,一般应将 and 改为 or.1.We have already seen the film.We _ seen the film _.2.There is somethin
33、g wrong with the TV.There_ _ wrong with the TV.3.The children left the cinema after the film was over.(同义句)The children _ leave the cinema _ the film was over.5.You mustnt make any noise in class.(否定祈使句)_ _ any noise in class!7.Jim likes art,too.Jim _ _ art,_.10.Youd better close the door.Youd bette
34、r _ _ the door.11.Would you please keep quiet?(同义句)Would you please _ _ any noise?C.一般疑问句：通常要提前 be 动词（am;is;are;was;were)、助动词(do;does;did;will;shall;would;have;has)、情态动词(can;may;must;should),通常用 Yes 或No 回答，提问时用升调。肯定句中含有 some 或something 时,一般应将 some 或 something 改为 any 或anything,但委婉语气疑问句除外already 应改为 y
35、et.1.Jim has breakfast at home every day._Jim _ breakfast at home every day?2.He ate something nice yesterday._ he _ _ nice yesterday?3.Lets go for a walk!_ _ go for a walk?4.Id like something to drink._ you like _ to drink?5.Ive already cleaned the room._ you cleaned the room _?D.特殊疑问句：用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做
36、特殊疑问句。不能用 Yes 或 No 回答,读时用降调。疑问词有疑问代词 who(谁;主格);whose(谁的;对所有格);whom(谁；宾格);what(什么);which(哪一个，对定语)和疑问副词 when(何时);what time(几点);where(何地);how(怎样，对方式或程度);how often(多久一次，表频率）；how long(多长时间，表时长)；how soon(多久以后，表 in+时段);how far(表距离)。特殊疑问句的构成：1.疑问代词+陈述语 2.疑问代词/疑问副词+一般疑问语序(一)疑问代词（作主语）+陈述语序 Whats in the pencil
37、 case?铅笔盒里是什么？Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？Whose is this pen?这是谁的钢笔？(二)疑问代词/疑问副词（非主语）+一般疑问语序 1.问姓名，职业，物,事，语言用 what 提问。如：Her name is LiMing.-What is her name?My father is a teacher.-What is your father?=What does your father do?They are red roses.-What are they?They are playing football.-What are th
38、ey doing?People in Canada speak English.-What do people in Canada speak?2.问人用 who 提问 The girl in a hat is Meimei.-Who is the girl in a hat?3.询问钟点用 what time，问何时用 when,问星期用 what day，问日期用 Whats the date?It is seven fifteen.-What time is it?=Whats the time?I go to school on weekdays.-When do you go to
39、school?It was Sunday yesterday.-What day was it yesterday?列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子叫简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构各成分都有词或词组担任主语不及物动词例如接宾语而表示物的名词或代词称为直接宾语间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时在词之后可以加上一个介词或副了一双鞋词构成动词短语这时这个动词短语可以接宾语例如他正在等我请看黑板主语及物动词宾语例如我们会说英语现在他正在看电视主语连系动词表语例如这辆自行车是新的她感到担心注意是常见的朋友看他给我买了一辆新的自行车注意直接宾语间接宾语又叫双宾语表示的名词或代词称为
40、间主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语例如我们会保持它温暖林涛要他爸爸给他买一个新书包凌峰使婴儿停止了啼哭注意能够作宾语补足语的结构学习必备 欢迎下载 It is October 15,2008.-Whats the date?4.问地点用 where.如：His father works in a factory.-Where does his father work?5.询问数量时，对可数事物提问用 how many，对不可数事物用 how much,如：She has five friends.How many friends does she have?He would like some me
41、at.How much meat would you like？The coat is eighty yuan.How much is the coat?6.询问颜色用 what colour.如：These flowers are white.What colour are these flowers?7.询问身体状况,天气，方式用 how,提问。Her mother is fine.How is her father?He feels happy.How does he feel?It is sunny today.How is the weather today?=Whats the w
42、eather like today?Tom often goes to school by bus.How does Tom often go to school?8.询问身高用 how tall，询问年龄用 how old.如：Jim is 1.6 metres tall.How tall is Jim?My father is 40 years old.How old is your father?9.询问原因用 why.如：I come late because my bike is broken.Why do you come late?10.物主代词，名词所有格划线提问用 whose
43、.如：Those are his shoes.Whose shoes are those?This pair of pants is Jennys.Whose is this pair of pants?The book on the desk is mine.Whose is the book on the desk?1.They helped the old man clean her house once a week._ _ did they help the old man clean her house?2.The suit costs 388 dollars._ _ _ the
44、suit cost?3.The man who is wearing a white shirt is our English teacher._ _ is your English teacher?4.Tom was late for school this morning because his bike was broken._ _Tom late for school this morning?6.Its two kilometres away from my home to school._ _is it from my home to school?7.My father goes
45、 to work by bike every day._ _your father go to work everyday?8.He has worked here since 1998._ _ has he worked here?9.Well finish the work in two days._ _ will you finish the work?10.It is December 12th,2010 today._ is the _ today?11.When I went to the classroom,Jim was drawing._ _ Jim _ when you w
46、ent to the classroom?()13.-_do you water the flowers?-Twice a week.A.How long B.How soon C.How much D.How often 14.-_jacket is this?-It s mine.A.What B.Who C.Whos D.Whose 15.-_did you buy the new computer?-Last Monday.A.Where B.How C.When D.Who 16.-_does it take me from my school to your school?-Abo
47、ut five minutes.A.How many B.How far C.How much D.How long E.反意疑问句：表示对前面陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，其基本结构形式有两种:(一)肯定陈述句+否定问句.(二)否定陈述句+肯定问句.变反意疑问句的几个注意事项：1.前肯后否，前否后肯。2.后面的疑问句部分的否定形式要用缩写形式，其主语要用人称代词的主格形式，但 there be 句型除外。3.当前面陈述句中有否定词 few/little/never/no/nobody/nothing/hardly/seldom 等时，后面用肯定形式。4.在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，若
48、事实是肯定的要回答 Yes,后加肯定形式；若事实是否定的要回答No,后加否定形式。5.祈使句的反意疑问句一般情况下是 will you,如果是Lets.则是 shall we.6.宾语从句中，若主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think/believe/hear/suppose 等时，其反意疑问句多根据从句而定，前肯定后否定。1.Lets stop and have a rest,_?2.There is little water in the cup,_?3.Tom can hardly answer the question in English,_?4.Hes flown to Qingda
49、o for summer holiday,_he?A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt D.doesnt 6.-You havent been to Nanjing,have you?-_.But I want to go there next week.A.Yes,I have B.No,I have C.Yes,I havent D.No,I havent 8.I dont think he will come,_?A.do I B.dont I C.will he D.dont he 1.You come from England,_ _?2.Jim bought a nice
50、present for Li Ming,_ _?3.They will go to the zoo next Sunday,_ _?4.She has taught us a lot,_ _?5.Jenny was late for school this morning,_ _?6.You can play the piano,_ _?7.Lets stop and have a rest,_?8.Dont play in the street,_ _?列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子叫简单句简单句只包含一个主谓结构各成分都有词或词组担任主语不及物动词例如接宾语而表示物的名词或代词称为直