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1、高中英语语法学习之定语从句用法、易犯错误与练习定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词 叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只 指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名 词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省 略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里，when 指“在那时”。She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted.The girl who / that is tall is my sister.（以上关系词作主语
2、，不可省略。）She is a girl （who / whom / that） I know very well.（关系词做know的宾语，可以省略。）That boy whose hair is very long is my brother.I own a bike whose price is high.（关系词whose表所属，后需接名词。前句指人，译为“这个孩 子的”；后句指物，译为“这个自行车的”。）I bought a watch （which / that） I paid 100 yuan for.（指物，作pay的宾语，可以省略。）I prefer a place whic
3、h / that is clean and quiet.（关系词译为“这个地方”，主语，不可省）I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life.（关系词译为“在这个地方”，是地点副词。）you can buy at a store.A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which14. There is no such place you dream of in all thisworld.A. that B. what C. which D. as15. The people,
4、had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whosehomesC. all their homesD. all of theirhomes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A. whoB. whenC. on which D. which17. Is this re
5、search center you visited the modernequipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it.A. when B. that C. who D. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone no man canlift.A. that B. as C. which D. and2
6、0. He stayed there for quite a long time, during time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same答案与解析：1. A.主语与run（延伸）是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those 指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。2. B.因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示在这种种况下, 与in which相当。3. A.因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where 引导定语从句。4. B.答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语
7、从句，另外，to后 还省略了动词原形painto5. C.因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whosetelephone numbero6. D.因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内 容。7. B.因为表示阶段、程度、地步的the point在定语从句中 作地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。8. B.因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语, 所以用whereo9. C.因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, ever
8、ything, nothing 等时，多用 that 引导定语从句。10. 因为先行词是the time,且在定语从句中作状语，所以用 when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨 别。11. B.先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般 由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主 句之后，另外，as有正如之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便 说说，原句改为： It is known to everybody that Taiwan is二 What is known to everybody is that Ta
9、iwan is-12. A.两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, theday在定语从句中作状语，用when引导；后句是非限制性定语 从句，不能用that,要用whicho13. A.因为替代不可数名词(the bread)只能用that,排除B 和D；又因为先行词that (the bread)在定语从句中作buy的宾语，用which,所以选A。14. D.当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时，由as引导，并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意：在表不如此以致的such /
10、sothat结构 中，that不作任何句子成份。15. B.考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。16. D.因为先行词是前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以 用whicho of course是插入语。17. D.将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is显然 缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺 主语或宾语，所以用关系副词whereo假若在this后加the,就选 where,请想想这是为什么。18. A.因为先行词是the days,并在定语从句中作状语。1
11、9. B.当先行词前有so时，用as引导定语从句，as在从句中 作主语或宾语。假若在lift后加上it,答案就是that 了，请想想 这是为什么。20. C.因前后均的句子，必须要选连词，排除B和D；又因在 介词后不能用that来引导定语从句，所以选C。during which time 在那段时间里。I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find mydog.（“在这一天”，是时间副词）定语从句易犯错误由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：（一）、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如：1
12、 .误：Some of the boys I invited them didn, t come.正：Some of the boys I invited didn t come.译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。析：应删去them,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who或thato2 . 误：The book that you need it is in the library.正：The book that you need is in the library.译：你需要的书在图书馆里。析：应删去it,因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。（二）、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如：1. 误
13、：Anyone who break the law will be punished.正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。析：应改break为breaks,因为who指anyone,是单数。2. 误：Those who has finished may go home.正：Those who have finished may go home.译：做完了的人现在可以回家。析：应改has为have,因为who指those,是复数。3. 误：He is the only one of the teachers wh
14、o know French in our school.正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。析：应改know为knows,因为one前有the only之类限定词， 定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one,是单数，而不是复数名 词 the teacherso4. 误:This is one of the rooms that is free now.正：This is one of the rooms that are free now.译：这是目前空
15、着的房间之一。析：应改is为are,因为one前没有the only之类的限定词， 定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms,而不是单数one。（三）、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如：1. 误:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.正：Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。析：应加上关系代词who或that,因为从句少主语，且主语不 能省略。2. 误:The key opens the bike is miss
16、ing.正：The key that / which opens the bike is missing.译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。析：应加上关系代词that或which,因为从句少主语，且主语 不能省略。（四）、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如：1. 误：The house where he lives in needs repairing.正：The house where he lives needs repairing.或：The house he lives in needs repairing.译：他住的房子需要修理。析：应保留where,删去从句中的in,因为关系副词w
17、here在从 句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where,因为where在 这里的意思是in which,否则介词in就重复了。2. 误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。析：应删去on,因为when在这里的意思是on which,否则介
18、词 on就重复了，或把when改为which。（五）、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关 系副词。1. 误：I still remember the day when we spent together. 正：I still remember the day that / which we spent together.译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。析：应改when为that或which,因为从句中谓语动词spent是 及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。2. 误:This is the house where we lived in last year.正：This i
19、s the house which / that we lived in last year.译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。析：应改where为which或that,因为从句谓语动词lived后 有介词in,其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。（六）、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。如：1. 误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?正：Have you asked her for the reason that / which may explain her absence?译：你是否向他问过可以解
20、释他缺席的原因？析：应改why为that或which,因为定语从句缺少主语，而不 是少原因状语。2. 误：I don t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.正：I don t believe the reason that / which he has given for his being late.译：我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。析：应改why为that或which,因为从句谓语动词has given 后缺少宾语，而不是缺少原因状语。误将强调句型当定语从句。如：1 .误：It was in the kitche
21、n where the fire broke out.正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.译：大火发生在厨房。析：应将where改that,因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非 定语从句。2 . 误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didn t come?正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didn t come?译：你是否因昨晚
22、下雪而没有来？析：应将when改为that,因为，原句还原为Because it snowed last night, you didnt come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题 是强调句型而非定语从句。七.+句中部充当任何成分），这个从句则是同位语从句。He expressed the hope that he has had for many years.hope在从句中不充当句子成分，又加上后面从句是说明hope的内容的，因此时同位语从句。5 . the reason why (=for which)是由 why 或 for which 引导的定语从 句。而the reason tha
23、t也是that引导的定语从句。that往往省略。This is the reason why he was late. =This is the reason (that)he was late.6 .当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时, 为了避免whowho,whichwhich等重叠，定语从句用that引导。Who is the man that is standing by the door?Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?7 .先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用th
24、at引导。John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now.8 .不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that 通常省掉。He is no longer the man that he was.9 . “one of+可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中，谓语动词应用复数； 而“one of+可数名词复数”前有the, only或the only修饰，定 语从句中的谓语动词用单数。He is one of the students who study very hard at school.He is the
25、(only/the only) one of the students who studies very hard at school.定语从句专项练习题与答案详解1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, from east to west. Those run from north to south arecalled avenues.A. running； that B. run； who C. running； who D. run； that2. This is the case hes had all his money sto
26、len.A. when B. where C. thatD. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he willpaint anything .A. that the little girl asks himB. the little girlasks him t
27、oC. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him5. -How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?-Oh, that1 s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday,I will n
28、everforget.A. when B. thatC. whatD. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reachesthe point he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in Chinacertain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.D. whatA. which B. where C. whe
29、n9. I hope that the little I have been able to dodoes good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when10. The time is not far away modern communicationswill becomewidespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before11. is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. It B. As C. Which D. What12. I shall never forget the day Shen Zhou V waslaunched, has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than