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1、九上M21.found （founded，founded） v 创立，创建（主要指组织、机构的创建或者城镇、国家的建立，常用于被动语态，）e.g The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.find-found-found v 找到，发现e.g Have you found your key?2.since then 从那以后 （通常和现在完成时连用，句中的动词用延续性动词） since在此作prep，then在此处表示过去的时间点，意为当时，那时。e.g I met Tom last year but I havent seen him
2、since then.since prep since +时间点（过去）/ since +时间段+agosince conj since+从句（一般过去时）It is +时间 + since +时间点/一般过去式句子 “自从.以来有多长时间了”e.g. Its ten years since we lived here.3.until conj/prep 直到.为止当until作连词时，引导时间状语从句要注意当主句是肯定句时，主句的谓语动词用延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直延续到从句所表达的时间为止。e.g Lets wait until the rain stops.当主句是否定句时，构成no
3、t.until. （直到.才.) 表示主句的动作在从句所表示的时间点才开始。此时，主句的谓语动词短暂延续均可。e.g I didnt notice him until he called my name.e.g I didnt realize my mistakes until he pointed it out.练习：We dont know the love of our parents _ we become parents ourselves one day.A.until B.after C.when D.since4.off adv 不上课，休息，不工作休息一段时间，放一段时间的假
4、：have/take +有单时间+off have a/an +基数词-day holidayask for a three-day leave 请三天假e.g We usually have/take a week off during the National Day.5.all kinds of 各种各样的 kind 种类=typea/this/that kind of 一种/这种/那种，后接可数名词单数或不可数名词e.g Apples are a kind of fruit.kind of 稍微，有点儿 后接形容词或副词 （a little）e.g. This question is
5、kind of difficult so I dont think he can work it out.kind adj 体贴的，友好的，善良的 be kind to.对.友好 Its kind of sb to so sth6.vacation n 假期，假日 主要指较长的休假，通常不用复数形式take/go on a vacation/holiday 去度假 on vacation 在度假 summer vacation 暑假e.g They are on vacation in Chengdu now. break 中间休息；短假e.g. We should have a break
6、between two classes.7.season n 度假旺季，节期； 季节；赛季8.kid n 小孩,小山羊 child children/kidsv 欺骗，开玩笑 e.g Are you kidding?=Are you joking?Kid sb 捉弄/戏弄某人 e.g I am not kidding you，it does work.9.have fun/have a good time /enjoy oneself 玩的高兴，有乐趣 （+in doing sth）10. UK 全称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northe
7、rn IrelandPeoples Republic of China The United States of America11.as soon as. 一.就. 引导的时间状语从句(遵循主将/情/祈从现，主过从过）e.g.Please call me as soon as he arrives.e.g.People will stop farming as soon as the sun sets.12.序数词 用来表示顺序，等级或日期 序数词前通常要加定冠词the 或形容词性物主代词及名词所有格，若序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示再一.又一.e.g. Can you give me a
8、 second chance?基数词变序数词规则：123特殊记，八去t,九除e, ve要用f替,整十基变序,变y为ie，再加th；若是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth fifty-fiftiethe.g I want to invite some friends to my twentieth birthday party.e.g Please turn to page 15. / Please turn to the fifteenth page.13.among prep 在.之中 强调在三者或三者以上的人或物之间 between
9、prep 在.之间 强调在两者之间，或者多个物体两两之间， between.and.e.g. This is a secret between you and me.e.g. Cai Xukuns songs are very popular among young people.14.speech n 演说，演讲 make/give a speech/speeches on. 就.发表演讲e.g. He made a speech on human rights at a meeting.15.grow （grew/grown) vt 种植，栽培（植物） grow corn; grow po
10、tatoes vi. （植物）生长；（人）成长 ；增加；常用短语：grow upe.g. Rice cant grow in desert areas.变化系动词，（逐渐）变得 e.g. The sky grew dark.拓展词汇：n. growth; grown-up 成年人（=adult)16.following adj 接着的，接下来的 常位于名词前修饰名词，前面常有thee.g. Can you answer the following questions? Can you answer the questions below?follow v 跟随；听从；理解；遵守 followe
11、r 追随者；拥护者17.lay （laid/laid、laying） v 摆放（餐桌）；安放，搁；下蛋 lay the table=set the tablelie 躺，位于 lay/lain/lying 撒谎 lied/lied/lying18.over adj 完了的，结束的 be over e.g. Class is over.19.dish n 盘，碟，一道菜，菜肴do/wash the dishes 洗餐具 e.g. You have to do/wash the dishes before you go.e.g. This dish tastes really nice.20.反身
12、代词 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 反身代词的基本用法：当主语和宾语是指代同一人物的人称代词时，宾语一般用反身代词。e.g. He can look after himself. e.g. You should know yourself better.反身代词还有下列常见用法：e.g. There are fruits and milk in the fridge. Help yourself.e.g. Can you carry this box by yourself?1.日期写法：月日年或日月年2001年8月21日 21st August, 2001 the twenty fi
13、rst of August,2001 August 21st, 2001 August the 21st, 2001- When is the National Day in China? - Its on./ It falls on. - When were you born? - I was born on.What day is it today? - Whats the date today?2.反义疑问句（附加疑问句）的用法：（1） 反义疑问句通常用来询问对方的看法或确定自己的判断，翻译为“是吗？”（2） 反义疑问句通常由“陈述句+附加问句”构成（3） 附加问句由“be/情/助（肯定
14、式或否定式）+人称代词”构成。助动词遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的规律。e.g. You have an uncle, dont you? Linda hasnt been to America, has she?Your uncle is a teacher, _?They were wacthing TV, _?She likes dancing, _?Tom has a toy bear, _?Tom has got a toy bear, _?Tom had an apple for breakfast, _?We should protect the environment, _?Yo
15、ur uncle isnt a teacher, _?He wasnt there, _?Jacy hasnt been to Egypt, _?She didnt tell you the news, _?We shouldnt give up, _?(1） 对于反义疑问句的回答，不管问题提法如何，回答必须按照事实去回答。如果事实是肯定的就要用yes作肯定回答；如果事实是否定的就要用no作否定回答，不要想当然！1.-Tomy has gone to Sydney, _?- _. He will leave for Sydney next week.A. Yes, he has B. No,
16、he hasnt C. Yes, he hasnt D. No, he has.2.-They dont know the answer either,_? - _. So maybe we need to ask somebody else.A. Yes, they dont B. No, they do C. Yes, they do D. No, they dont（2） 如果前面的陈述句中有never, hardly, seldom, few, little, no, nothing 等表示否定意义的词时,附加问句应遵循“前否后肯”1.- He speaks so fast. - So
17、 he does. We can hardly follow him, _?A. can we B. cant we C. do we D. dont we2. Mary has never been to other countries, _?A. has she B. hasnt she C.does she D. doesnt she3. They have little milk, _?A. have they B. havent they C. do they D. dont they （3） 如果陈述句部分是祈使句，附加问句部分一律用will you(如果前面的陈述句是肯定的祈使句
18、，也可用wont you)。但当祈使句是Lets开头时， 则用shall we。1. Please keep quiet, _? Your father is sleeping. A. will you B. wont you C. do you D. dont you2. Dont open the window, _? Its windy outside. A. will you B. wont you C. do you D. dont you3. Lets go shopping this afternoon, _? A. will you B. shall we C. do you
19、D. do we练习：1. -The rain is too heavy; we can hardly go out, _? -_, or well get wet and catch a cold. A. cant we; Yes, we can B. can we; No, we cant C. cant we; Yes, we cant D. can we; no, we can2. -He didnt go to school, did he? - _, though he had a stomachache. A. No, he didnt B. Yes, he didnt C. Y
20、es, he did D. No, he did3.celebrate v 庆祝，庆贺 celebration n 庆祝活动，庆典4.复合形容词 基数词-名词 （day/month/year/minute/hour.) a three-day holiday three days holiday a fifteen-minute walk=fifteen minutes walk基数词-名词-形容词（long/wide/high/tall/old/deep)An eight-month-old baby a 500-meter-long bridge5.watch sb do sth/watc
21、h sb doing sth (see/notice/hear)6.Its a time for.这是一个.的时刻its time for sb to do sth/ Its time for sth 到做.的时间了7. too much/ too many/ much too8.make progress 取得进步 make progress in.在.取得进步9.Its better to do sth =sb had better do sth 最好做某事10.count down 倒计时 count from. to. 从. 数到.11.depend on 依靠，取决于；依赖，依靠 it/that depends.视情况而定12.apart from 除.之外（还）=besides 除.之外（都）=except fore.g. Apart from Mr Cao, there are three people in the office.e.g. Ive finished all the work apart from the last question.学科网（北京）股份有限公司