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1、初高中英语语法衔接材料第八讲：形容词形容词的比较等级 在形容词词尾加上-er, -est构成比较级、最高级。词义 形容词 比较级 最高级 词义 形容词 比较级 最高级明灵的brightbrighterbrightest广阔的broadbroaderbroadest便宜的cheapcheapercheapest干净的cleancleanercleanest聪明的clevercleverercleverest寒冷的coldcoldercoldest凉的coolcoolercoolest深的deepdeeperdeepest迅速的fastfasterfastest少的fewfewerfewest伟大
2、的greatgreatergreatest困难的 硬的hardharderhardest高的hi ghhigherhighest善良的kindkinderkindest轻的light1ighterlightest长的longlongerlongest响亮的loud1ouderloudest近的nearnearernearest年轻的youngyoungeryoungest黑暗的darkdarkerdarkest贵的deardearerdearest聪明的smartsmartersmartest温暖的warmwarmerwarmest柔软的softsoftersoftest低的lowlowerl
3、owest矩的shortshortershortest安静的quietquieterquietest富裕的richricherrichest慢的slowslowerslowest弱的weakweakerweakest新的newnewernewest穷的poorpoorerpoorest快的qui ckquickerquickest小的smallsmallersmallest强壮的strongstrongerstrongest甜的sweetsweetersweetest高的talltallertallest厚的thi ckthickerthickest2 .双写最后一个字母，再加上一 er、es
4、t构成比较级、最高级。3 .以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，加上构成比较级、最高级。词义形容词比较鼓最高级大的bigbiggerbiggest热的hothotterhottest伤心的sadsaddersaddest瘦的thinthinnerthinnest湿的wetwetterwettest肺fatfatterfattest红的redredderreddest疯的madmaddermaddest词义形容词比较缓-J5.靛干的ableabl erablest接近的cl os eclos erclosest巨大的1 arge1arger1arges t女子的ni ceni cerni ces t勇
5、敢的bravebraverbraves t女子的 完美的finefinerfines t迟的latelaterlatest成熟的riperiperripes t粗鲁的ruderuderirudes t奇怪的strangestrangerStranges t睿智的 聪明的wi s ewi s erwi s es t白的whi t ewhi t erwhi t es t安全的safesafersafes t宽广的widewiderwidest4.以字母y结尾的形容词，把y改为i,再加上er、est构成比较级、 最高级。5.双音节、多音节形容词，在单词前面加上-more -most构成比较级、 最高
6、级。瞅形容同比较级词义形容词比较级最局级忙碌的busybusierbusiest害怕的afraidmore afraidmost afraidr干廉的drydrierdriest美丽的beautifullore beautifulmost beautiful容易的easyeasiereasiest仔细的carefulmore carefulmost carefulfunnyfunnierfunniest册的cheerfulmore cheerfulmost cheerful健康的healthyhealthierhealthiest邮的crowdedmore crowdedmost crowde
7、dr饿的hungryhungrierhungriest危险的dangerousmore dangerousmost dangerous幸运的luckyluckierluckiest美味的deliciouslore deliciousmost delicious晚的noisynoisiernoisiest困难的difficultlore difficultmost difficult令人潮的excitingmore excitingmost exciting傻的sillysilliersilliest昂贵的expensivemore expensivemost expensiver渴的thirs
8、tythirstierthirstiest著名的famouslore famousmost famousdirtydirtierdirtiest受悚的lightenedmore frightenedmost frightenedr早的earlyearlierearliest令人害邮frighteningmore frighteninglost frightening友好的friendlyfriendlierfriendliest勤奋的hard-workingmore hard-w orkingmost hard-workingr开心的happyhappierhappiest有帮助的helpfu
9、lmore helpfulmost helpful重的heavyheavierheaviest诚实的honestmore honestlost honest牖的lazylazierlaziest重要的importantlore importantmost important调皮的naughtynaughtiernaughtiest有趣的interestingmore interestinglost interesting美丽的prettyprettierprettiest有礼貌的politeHiore politemost polite辣的spicyspicierspiciest可怕的terr
10、iblelore terriblemost terrible丑的uglyuglierugliest累的tiredmore tiredmost tired6.不规则变化的形容词。原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的we好；（身体）好的，bad, badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地； （身体）更不舒服的W”或最糟糕的,最糟糕 地；（身体）最不舒服的法（身体）不舒服的many许多的（可数）机ore更多的；更most最多的;最小必许多的（不可数）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；
11、最远地further进一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）形容词的用法子述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。基本句型是：主语（sb,/sth） + 谓语动词 + （very/too/so/quite/rather.）+ 形容词/副词原级 +如：He is very oldow.（他现在很老了）/ They ran quite fast.（它们跑得相当快）/The weather looks rather天气看上去相当糟）/azn so hapDV!（我是如此的快乐）率示两者之间没有差别为更用句型：主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物十.二如：He is as
12、 excited as his younger sisfez（他和他妹妹一样兴奋）/ rode her bike ass/ow/yas an old及办.（莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢）/ They picked as many apples as the/irnzers （市d）.（他们摘的苹果和农民一样多） 表出第一个人比不上第二个人时，使用句型：用语（第一个人物）+谓语动词（否定式）+ as / so +形容词/副词原级+ as +第二个人物如：He is not so / as excited as his younger siser.（他没他妹妹那么兴奋）/Lily did not rid
13、e her bike so / ass/ow/yas an old履（y.（莉莉骑车不像老太太 那样慢）/ They didntpick so /as many apples as the/hnwers （市砌.（他们摘的 苹果不如农民多）（2）讲述两者有差异，第二个人物超过第二个人物时，用比较级。基本句型：样语（2，）+谓语动 词+（much/a little/even/stiH）+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物CB，）+.如：A modern train is much faster than a car.（现代的火车比轿车快多 了）/This book didn 7 cost
14、me more than that oe.（这本书花费我的钱不比那本多）讲述两者有差异,第一个人就禄第三个人物时，用比较级。句型是：主语（，）+谓语动词+less+（多音节形/副）比较级+than+第二个人物（，B，） +.如：I think English is less difficult than%af/zs.（我认为英语不比数学难）/Do you think it less important to learn a foreign及（你认为学外语不那么重要吗？） （3）讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时，用最高级。句型是：主语（sb/sth）+ 谓语动词 +（同e） +形容词/副词最
15、高级 +in/of如：The Changjiang River is the longest in长江是中国最长的河流）/He jumped （the） highest of the three（三个男生中他跳得最高）倍数表达法A is three(four, etc) times the size (height, length etc.)of B.如： The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这 座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。(2) A is three(four,
16、 etc.) times as big (high, long, etc.)as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧 洲大三倍。(3) A is three (four etc.) times bigger (higher, longer etc.) than B.如：Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学 校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.形容词比较级的用法形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较，结构
17、形式如下：1 . A+ is/ arm/are 形容词比较级+than+ B如：She is taller thanTom is more athletic than Sam.2 .比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越” 例 如 ： warmer and warmernicer and nicermore and more beautiful3 .the+比较级the+比较级如：The more you read the book, the more interesting you found.4 .比较级的修饰语有：much, far, even, a little, a bit, a lo
18、t 等。如： He made fewer mistakes than I did.He is even richer than I.表述观点态度的形容词集锦（1）积极类：supportive（支持的），approving（赞成的），in favor of（支持），favorable（赞成的）， optimistic（乐观的）,positive（积极的），impressive（给人深刻印象的），humorous（幽默的）， concerned（关切的），praise（表扬），serious（严肃的）；（2）消极类:disgusting（令人厌恶的）,disapproving（不赞同的）,crit
19、ical（批评的）,negative（消 极的），doubtful（怀疑的），pessimistic（悲观的）,d叩ressed（沮丧的）,disappointed（失望的）, hostile（有敌意的），ironic（讽刺的），skeptical（质疑的），opposed（反对的）；（3）中立类：indifferent（不关心的），informative（资料丰富的），impartial（公正的），objective（客 观的），neutral（中立的），factual（基于事实的）。近三年常考的形容词ashamed 惭愧的 accurate 精确的 acceptable（反）unaccep
20、table 不可接受的amusing有趣的，逗笑的amazing令人惊异的attractive有吸引力的annoying讨厌的，烦人的anxious担心的;急切的accessible容易得到的;易到达的available可利用的brilliant聪明的 brief简略的 casual随意的;漫不经心的 complicated复杂的curious好奇的 delighted高兴的，愉快的- delightful令人愉快的 discouraged沮丧的 determined坚决的，坚定的energy能量一energetic精力充沛的extraordinary非同寻常的generous慷慨的instr
21、uctive有教育意义的 independent独立的 infrequent不经常的instant立即的impatient不耐烦的modest谦虚的negative否定的;消极的vulnerable易受攻击的，有弱点的副词 副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构 成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单 音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加或多音节词以及“y结尾的 副词（early除外），前面加more或most。不规则的变化式只能采用“各 个击破”的办法去记忆。 规贝I变化soonsoonersoonestloud louder-loudestfast-fa
22、ster-fastestearly-earlier-earliesthappily more happily most happilycarefully more carefully most carefully不规则变化wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchm oremostfarfarther （距离）farthestfurther （程度）furthest原级比较缓最高级副间的比较级的用法1 .单独使用如：Try to do better next time. T 次争取干好一点。He51! come back sooner or
23、 later.他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slowly.请讲慢一点。2 .和than 一起使用如：He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。Can you do any better than that.你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual.他到的比平时早。3 .比较级前可有状语修饰如：You must work much faster.你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly?你能稍稍快点来吗？4 . asas和not soas结构这两个结
24、构也可结合副词使用asas可用在肯定句中，表示“像一样”，后面的副词要用原级。 如：She can run as fast as a deer.她能跑的像鹿一样快。 在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用。例如：I dont go there as much as I use .我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。I didnt do as(so)well as I should.我做的不如我应做的那么好。 这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语。例如：She can read twice as fast as he does.她阅读的速度比他快一倍。 副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词theo
25、如：He laughs best who laughs last.(谚语)谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。of the four of us, I sang(the)worst .我们四人中我唱的最差。副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1. more and more 越来越It rained more and more heavily.雨下得越来越大了She went farther and farther away.她越走越远 了 。2. the more.the more. 越越The more I work, the more I accomplis
26、h .我干得越多，完成的就越多。3. had better (not) do sth.最好(不要)做某事例如：Werd better not disturb him.我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do?我们最好做什么？形容词.副词1 .形容词+ lybad一badlyclear一clearly 清楚地complete一completely 完全final一finally 最后fortunate一fortunately 幸运地lucky一luckily 幸运地general一generally 一般来讲immediate一immediatelylate迟的一latel
27、y最近；近来main adj.主要的一mainly 主要地 particular特殊的，独特的一particularly 独特地special-specially 专门,特殊地2 .以ble,ple,tle结尾的形容词，去e + y capable - capably 能干地 comfortable一comfortablygentle一gently 温柔地incredible - incredibly 难以置信地simple - simply仅仅；简单地possible一possiblyprobable一probablyreasonable一reasonably 合理地responsible
28、- responsibly 负责地 terribleterribly 糟糕地 sensible一sensibly 明智地 inevitableinevitably 不可避免地3 .辅音字母+ y结尾，把y变i+lyangry一angrily heavy一heavily lucky-luckily noisy一noisily 特例1:dry一dryly 干燥地 sly一slyly狡猾地easy一easily happy一happily merry-merrilyshy一shyly害羞地特例 2：true一trulywhole一whollyfull一fullydull一 dully4 .以ic结尾
29、的+allyenergetic 一 energetically 充满活力地automaticautomatically 自动土也 scientific一scientifically 科学地 economic一economically 经济地 basic一basically基础地，基本地 特例：public publicly 公共地5 .意义有别的同根副词close接近；紧挨着一closely仔细地；紧密地 deep深入地一deeply深深地free免费地freely不拘束地hard努力地;猛烈地hardly几乎不high在高处highly高度地；非常just恰好；仅仅justly公正地late
30、迟;晚lately最近地注意：latest最新的later后来latter后者 near在附近nearly 几乎； 差不多pretty很；非常一prettily漂亮地；优美地 shortly不久（soon）；简短地wide广阔地；充分地一widely广泛地；普遍6 .动词变副词hurry-hurriedly expect-（反）unexpectedly increase-increasingly suiprise-suiprisingly repeat-repeatedly excite-excitedly doubt-（反）undoubtedly worry-worriedly模拟练习1.
31、He does not think that his beliefs make him any(bad) than any other man.2. Maybe it is because the first impression is the(strong) that China Daily has become one part of my life.3. . The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be(sweet).4. The(big) the activity
32、 inequality of a country is, the higher its rate of obesity will be.5. . Of the two lectures, the first was by far the(good), partly because the speaker had an extraordinary style.6. Mobile phones are making our life(easy), but have reduced the need for face-to-face communication.7. He*s the best te
33、acher in this school, even though he has the(little) experience.8. Min-Kyu Choi, 29, had bought the worlds(thin) laptop, advertised as being slim enough to fit in an envelope.9. You!ll have to speak(loud)-I cant hear you.10. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed
34、 here (early).11. Li Hua did very well in the examination, and I did no(badly), gaining 98 marks.12. The detective said, “We must catch the kidnapper. The(soon) the better/513. At first sight it looked(little) like a capital city than a mining camp.14. Stay(far) from the door if you will be the last
35、 person to step out of the elevator.15. Salesmen and waiters are two of the (much) common jobs that students try to find during the summer months.16. I know my sister(well) than anyone else. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.17/1 became famous(instant) and was given a nicknameUncl
36、e Hanzi, Sears said with a smile.18. The title will be(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.19. If you understand the meaning of the sentence, each word is not (necessary) important.20. In this way, you could(possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.21. Battery char
37、ging systems remain(basic) the same as those in use half a century ago.高考真题再现1 .(2021 新高考卷 I )The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder thetemperature gets, the(hot)the spring!2 .(2021 新高考卷 I )The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will(u
38、ndoubted) help you get refreshed!3 .(2021 全国 甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what(good) than to ride on a piece of history!4 .(2020全国卷HI) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像)done so he called al
39、l great artists to come and present their(fine) work, so that he could choose the best.5 .(2019全国卷 I )It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been(poor) studied.6 .(2019全国卷IH)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were(hu
40、ge) popular with tourists.7 .(2018全国卷 II )A taste for meat is(actual) behind the change.8 . (2018全国卷111毋 screams the(loud) of all.9 .(2017全国卷 I )Even(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.参考答案: 模拟练习4. bigger 5. better9. louder 10. earlier1. worse 2. strongest 3. sweeter6. easier 7. least 8. thinnest11. worse 12. sooner 13. less14. farthest 15. most 16.better17. instantly 18. officially 高考真题再现1. hotter 2. undoubtedly6. hugely 7. actually19. necessarily 20. possibly 21.basically3.better4.finest5. poorly8.1oudest 9. worse