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1、Section!Grammar 一被动语态和主谓全都课前自主领梧KEQIANZIZHULINGWU语法图解被动语态的构成主动表被动语法一致被动语态的用法意义一致就近一致探究发觉Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.The Parthenon was built during this period.The fish tastes delicious.This coat washes easily.My family lives in Cardiff.The class were very interest
2、ed in Mr Zhangs teaching.Neither he nor you were allowed to go out at night.Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.California, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations.The students along with their teacher are going there on foot.我的发觉(1)句采纳了一
3、般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：am/is/are+done。(2)句采纳了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：was/were+doneo(3)句中谓语动词用主动形式表示被动意义。(4)句中，family, class等集合名词表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；表示个体时，谓 语动词用复数。(5)句中，neither . nor .或not onlybut also 连接并列主语，谓语动词的单 复数要与靠近它的主语保持全都。(6)句中，主语后带有along with等短语时，句子的谓语动词应与原主语的单复数 保持全都。课堂要点精析KETANGYAODIANJINGXI一、一般现在时和一般过去时的
4、被动语态1.一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的根本构成(1)一般现在时的被动语态的构成：am/is/are+doneoI am asked to copy these English words for ten times.我被要求把这些英语单词抄十遍。(2)一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were+doneoThe university was founded in 1901.这所高校始建于1901年。2.被动语态的用法(1)不清晰谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。His car was stolen when he parked in the street.他把车停在街上时，车被偷了。(2
5、)没有必要指出动作的执行者时，用被动语态。No one knows when the bridge was built没人知道这座桥是什么时候建的。(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。假如需要指出动作的执行者时，可用“by +动作执行者(宾格)这一结构。The Great Wall is visited by many people every year.每年有许多人参观长城。即时演练1完成句子AH the broken doors were repaired yesterday.昨天全部损坏的门都被修好了。AH the housework is，oiie bY jny piother
6、 in our family.我们家全部的家务活都由我妈妈做。The wounded man was seiit tQ the hospital right away.那个受伤的男人被立即送往了医院。This bridge was built in October last year.这座桥是去年十月份建的。3.主动形式表示被动意义(1)表示主语属性的动词read, write, sell, wash, wear, cook等，且由easily, well等词修饰 时。The cloth washes well.这块布很好洗。(2)连系动词smell, sound, taste, feel,
7、prove等，也常用主动形式表达被动含义。The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很松软。(3)表示发生、爆发和传播等不及物动词或短语如：happen, occur, spread, take place,break out, run out等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。When World War I broke out, he seemed to have bee another man, downhearted.第一次世界爆发时，他好像变成了另一个人，特别消沉。(4)need, want, require的主动形式表示被动意义。His hair needs cutting.
8、他的头发需要理了。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空The pencil writes (write) well.The house needs (need) repairing.His jacket wants washinB/to jbe washed (wash).(2)翻译句子这种食物尝起来很美味。The fooa tastes very delidous昨天晚上发生了一场大火。A hufire Droke 9iitast jiight.二、主谓全都主谓全都是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必需保持全都。英语中的主谓全都主要 遵循意义全都、语法全都和就近全都三个原那么。1 .意义全都
9、(1)由and连接的两个单数名词指同一个人或同一事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：bread and butter 黄油面包，knife and fork 刀叉。The singer and dancer is ing for a visit.那位唱歌家兼舞蹈家要来参观。The poet and writer is very popular with us.那位诗人兼作家很受我们的欢送。(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，假如表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数。如：news, maths, politics, physics, works, means, the United States 等。The new
10、s is quite shocking.这个消息令人特别震动。Politics is her favourite subject.政治是她最喜爱的学科。(3) “the+形容词/分词”表示一类人，如the rich, the young, the living等作主语时，谓 语动词用复数。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪者也已被找到。(4)family, class, team, government, crowd, audience 等集体名词假如强调整体，谓语动 词用单数；假如强调个体，谓语动词用
11、复数。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。His family are all important persons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(5)表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般 用单数形式。Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need a third day.对我来说，完成这项工作两天是不够的，我还需要一天。(6) “分数/百分数+of短语作主语时，依据of后的名词的单复数确定谓语动词的单复 数形式。Two thirds of the tr
12、ees have been cut down.三分之二的树木被砍掉了。Two thirds of the soup has been eaten.三分之二的汤被喝掉了。(7)all, any, half, most, the rest, part等与of短语连用作主语时，谓语动词依据of后所接 名词的单复数形式而定。The rest of the students are in the classroom.其余的同学都在教室里。The rest of the water is for you.剩下的水是给你的。即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空Twenty pounds was/is (be)
13、missing from the wallet.Even the wise are (be) not always free from mistakes.The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history.()70% of the country is (be) covered with forests.Physics is (be) a difficult subject for me to learn.2 .语法全都(1)当主语是由and, b
14、oth . and连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数；但由and连接的 并列主语面前分别有every, each, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Both you and she have a good chance of getting the job.你和她都很有时机得到那份工作。Every/Each boy and every/each girl was given a dictionary.每个男孩和女孩都得到一本词典。(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如 with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, b
15、ut, except, besides, including, in addition to 等时，谓语动词与主语保持全都。Tobacco along with alcohol is taxed in most countries.烟草和酒在多数国家都要征税。He as well as his brothers is ing to visit you.他和他的弟弟们将要来访问你。(3)非谓语动词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Whether he will e is doubtful.他是否会来还是个未知数。名师点津在what引导的主语从句中，假如表语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。Wha
16、t we need are good teachers.我们需要的是好老师。(4) “many a/more than one+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has finished his work.不止一个同学完成了作业。(5)none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但代表不行数的东西时总是看作 单数，因而谓语动词用单数。None of us are/is perfect.人无完人。None of this worries me.这事儿一点也不使我焦急。(6)trousers, shoes, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复
17、数，但这些词前面假设有a pair of, 谓语动词用单数。The shoes are out of date.这些鞋子过时了。This pair of shoes is very shabby.这双鞋子很破旧了。即时演练4完成句子Both John and Anna arentereste(|in English.约翰和安娜都对英语感爱好。Tom, as well as the other students in his class, likes swimming.汤姆连同班里面的其他同学都喜爱游泳。Reading 四 a goodway to improve your English.阅读
18、是提高你英语的一个好方法。Nobodyclassroom.教室里没有人。Many a student 911t.许多同学正在走出来。3 .就近全都1. )由 or, either .or, neither .nor 或 not only .but also 连接的并列主语，通常依据就 近全都原那么，即谓语动词的单复数形式依据靠近它的主语而定。Neither his parents nor he is a bank clerk.他父母和他都不是银行职员。Not only Jack but also his parents are ing to see you.不仅是杰克，他父母也要来看你。(2)
19、here, there引导的句子，假设有并列主语，谓语动词也与最近的主语全都。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。There are two apple trees and a pear tree in the yard.院子里有两棵苹果树和一棵梨树。即时演练5单句改错Not only the students but also the teacher want to go climbing, wantf wantsThere are an apple and three bananas in the basket,
20、 areisEither the judge or the lawyers was wrong on the case at that moment, wasf wereEither you or I are going to the teacher*s office after class.aream课后强化训练I .单句语法填空2. (2017江苏高考改编)The publication of Great Expectations which was (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens sta
21、tus as a leading novelist.3. (2016全国卷口1)。111丫 elegant chopsticks might b.jnade (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.4. (2016四川高考)The giant panda isoved (love) by people throughout the world.5. (2015福建高考改编)To my delight, I was/hosen (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the open
22、ing ceremony.6. Generally, students1 inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development.7. The university estimates that living expenses for international students are (be) around D|S8,450 a year, which is (be) a burden for some of them.8. We were glad to know
23、 that all the workers who werg trapped (trap) in the mine had been saved.9. The famous musician, as well as his students, wasJnvited (invite) to perform at the closing ceremony.10. The speaker wasJnterrupted (interrupt) now and then during his speech, which made him a bit unhappy.11. The Group of Ei
24、ght (G8) consists (consist) of the eight richest countries in the world.II .完成句子1. (2017d匕京高考书面表达)Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are hiihly remeiided.“长江之行”和“泰山之旅这两条线路都被竭力推举。2. .(2015* 四川 高考书面表达)paring notes with your classmates frequently iS a goo(|jvay to improve your st
25、udy.常常和你的同学交换笔记是一种提高学习的好方法。3. .(2015天淬高考书面表达)If there is anything ase I can do for you, please contact me as soon as possible.假如有其他我可以为你做的任何事情，请尽快联系我。4. Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether acmodation isJncluded.我还想知道这个课程我得交多少钱，是否住宿包括在内。5. Li Huas family isnt yerYar
26、ge李华家不是一个大家庭。6. Not only John but also I arq goiiig to Shanghai next week.下周，不仅约翰而且我也去上海。7. Our class like pojnusic.我们班同学都喜爱流行音乐。8. Developine a_good habitJs also of importance.养成一个好的习惯也是重要的。川.短文改错When I was young I lived in a village near the sea. Life was very differently then. My family had a rad
27、io, and we listened it every evening. My parents didnt have a car, so I went to school by the bicycle six kilometers every day! But I didnt study hardly and tried to leaving school at ten. There wasnt any cinemas near our village, so every Saturday I met my friends on the beach and they played football all day. When I was twelve, my family moved to the cities. I never went back to my village, so I can still heard the sea in my head.答案：其次句：differentlyf different第三句：listened后加to 第四句：去掉the第五句：hardlyf hard; leaving-cleave第六句：wasntf werent; theyf we第七句：cities-*city第八句：so-but/yet; heard-hear