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1、第1章夏洛克福尔摩斯Chapter 1 Mr. Sherlock Holmes华生，一八七八年在伦敦大学取得医学博士 学位，曾参加国外战争，在旺德战役中负伤后回国 休养。回国后华生住在一家私人旅馆，后来由于经 济原因，想找一个便宜点的住处。一天，他和包 扎护士史丹佛闲谈时，史丹佛说在医院化学试验室 工作的夏洛克福尔摩斯正好想找人合租房子。他 是个一流的化学师，而且对解剖学很精通。华生想见一见福尔摩斯。在去医院的路上，史 丹佛对此事有点儿担心：福尔摩斯的性格及一些古怪的做法使他担心他们合不来。试验室只有福尔摩斯一个人在做试验，听 到他们的脚步声，他高兴地走过来告诉大家自己终于找到了一种只沉淀血
2、红素，而不和其他物质产生反应的试剂。史丹佛为他俩做了介绍，福尔摩斯推断出华生从阿富汗回来，并拉着 他来到桌旁，从手上取了一点血放入一公升的水中，然后将一点点结晶放 入容器，再放入一些滴过血的水，水变成红褐色而沉淀出一些棕色的微小 颗粒。他向大家解释一个人在案发几个月后被怀疑，用这种方法测试嫌疑 犯衣服上的污渍就可以判断出是不是血迹。史丹佛告诉福尔摩斯华生想找住处，因此想把他们凑在一起。福尔摩 斯很高兴地告诉他们自己在贝克街看中了一套房子。于是两人都将自己的 爱好和习惯都说了出来，并约定次日中午去看房子。华生和史丹佛告别福 together/9Sherlock Holmes seemed del
3、ighted at the idea of sharing his rooms with me. I have my eye on a suite in Baker Street,“ he said, “which would suit us down to the ground. You dont mind the smell of strong tobacco, I hope?”“I always smoke ships myself J I answered.“Thats good enough. I generally have chemicals about, and occasio
4、nally do experiments. Would that annoy you?”“By no means.”“Let me see一what are my other shortcomings? I get in the dumps at times, and dont open my mouth for days on end. You must not think I am sulky when I do that. Just let me alone, and Ill soon be right. What have you to confess now? Its just as
5、 well for two fellows to know the worst of one another before they begin to live togetherI laughed at this cross-examination. I keep a bull pup J I said, and I object to rows because my nerves are shaken, and I get up at all sorts of ungodly hours, and I am extremely lazy. I have another set of vice
6、s when Im well, but those are the principal ones at present/9“Do you include violin playing in your category of rows?” he asked, anxiously.“It depends on the player,“ I answered. A well-played violin is a treat for the gods一a badly played one一”“Oh, thats all right,“ he cried, with a merry laugh. I t
7、hink we may consider the thing as settled一that is, if the rooms are agreeable to you.”“When shall we see them?”“Call for me here at noon to-morrow, and well go together and settle everything he answered.“AH right一noon exactly J said I, shaking his hand.We left him working among his chemicals, and we
8、 walked together towards my hotel.“By the way, I asked suddenly, stopping and turning upon Stamford, “how the deuce did he know that I had come from Afghanistan?”My companion smiled an enigmatical smile. “Thats just his little peculiarity he said. “A good many people have wanted to know how he finds
9、things out.”“Oh! a mystery is it?” I cried, rubbing my hands. This is very piquaut. I am much obliged to you for bringing us together. The proper study of mankind is man/ you know.”“You must study him, then/9 Stamford said, as he bade me good-bye. “Youll find him a knotty problem, though. Ill wager
10、he learns more about you than you about him. Good-bye.”“Good-byeJ I answered, and strolled on to my hotel, considerably interested in my new acquaintance.第2章演绎学Chapter 2 The Science of Deduction第二天，他们看了贝克街二百二十一号B座的 房子。那里有两个卧室和一间有家具的起居室。他 们租下房子后就搬了进去。华生感到福尔摩斯很好相处。他睡觉较晚，而 早上起得很早。有时他一连几天在沙发上沉思，华 生也不去打扰
11、他。他的个子超过六英尺，由于偏瘦 而显得更高些。他对现代文学、政治及哲学不感兴 趣。他虽不学医，但在某些方面有着很深的研究。 他有深厚的化学知识，对犯罪记录有着详细的记 载，对本国的法律知识比较精通。他爱好拉小提琴、 擅长拳击、棍棒和剑术。从他们入住的第二个星期开始，华生发现福尔摩斯的客人非常多，并且是各种各样的人。每当他抱歉地说这些都是他的当事人时，华生便自觉 地回到卧室。一天早上，福尔摩斯正在吃早饭。华生在等待早餐时，拿起福尔摩斯 旁边的一本杂志，顺着标着记号的一篇文章看下去。那是一篇标题为“生 命之书”的文章，说的是逻辑学方面的事。华生感到里面全是胡说八道， 是无聊的东西。这时，福尔摩斯
12、承认文章是他写的，他是靠它吃饭的，自己的职业是 顾问侦探一一根据证据，帮人分析案情，名侦探雷斯垂德也是为这方面的 事才来找他的。福尔摩斯告诉华生：一开始见到他，自己根据他是医生， 有军人的气质，皮肤晒得很黑，并受过伤等方面因素，判断出他是从阿富他靠在椅子上，随手拨弄放在膝头的小提琴华生提起自己钦佩的两名小说中的侦探，但都被福尔摩斯说得一文不 值。他想着改变话题，便指着窗外的一名信差问他那人是干什么的。福尔 摩斯说那是个退役的海军陆战队员。这时，那人发现了他们的门牌，从马 路对面过来。一会儿，响起了敲门声，随后便上来交给福尔摩斯一封信。 华生问那人以前是干什么的，他说自己是海军陆战队的退役士官。
13、e met next day as he had arranged, and inspected the rooms at No. 221B, Baker Street, of which he had spoken at our meeting. They consisted of a couple of comfortable bedrooms and a single large airy sitting-room, cheerfully furnished, and illuminated by two broad windows. So desirable in every way
14、were the apartments, and so moderate did the terms seem when divided between us, that the bargain was concluded upon the spot, and we at once entered into possession. That very evening I moved my things round from the hotel, and on the following morning Sherlock Holmes followed me with several boxes
15、 and portmanteaus. For a day or two we were busily employed in unpacking and laying out our property to the best advantage. That done, we gradually began to settle down and to accommodate ourselves to our new surroundings.Holmes was certainly not a difficult man to live with. He was quiet in his way
16、s, and his habits were regular. It was rare for him to be up after ten at night, and he had invariably break-fasted and gone out before I rose in the morning. Sometimes he spent his day at the chemical laboratory, sometimes in the dissecting-rooms, and occasionally in long walks, which appeared to t
17、ake him into the lowest portions of the city. Nothing could exceed his energy when the working fit was upon him; but now and again a reaction would seize him, and for days on end he would lie upon the sofa in the sitting-room, hardly uttering a word or moving a muscle from morning to night. On these
18、 occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole life forbidden such a notion.As the weeks went by, my interest in him and my curiosity as to his
19、aims in life gradually deepened and increased. His very person and appearance were such as to strike the attention of the most casual observer. In height he was rather over six feet, and so excessively lean that he seemed to be considerably taller. His eyes were sharp and piercing, save during those
20、 intervals of torpor to which I have alluded; and his thin, hawk-like nose gave his whole expression an air of alertness and decision. His chin, too, had the prominence and squareness which mark the man of determination. His hands were invariably blotted with ink and stained with chemicals, yet he w
21、as possessed of extraordinary delicacy of touch, as I frequently had occasion to observe when I watched him manipulating his fragile philosophical instruments.The reader may set me down as a hopeless busybody, when I confess how much this man stimulated my curiosity, and how often I endeavoured to b
22、reak through the reticence which he showed on all that concerned himself. Before pronouncing judgment, however, be it remembered how objectless was my life, and how little there was to engage my attention. My health forbade me from venturing out unless the weather was exceptionally genial, and I had
23、 no friends who would call upon me and break the monotony of my daily existence. Under these circumstances, I eagerly hailed the little mystery which hung around my companion, and spent much of my time in endeavouting to unravel it.He was not studying medicine. He had himself, in reply to a question
24、, confirmed Stamfords opinion upon that point. Neither did he appear to have pursued any course of reading which might fit him for a degree in science or any other recognized portal which would give him an entrance into the learned world. Yet his zeal for certain studies was remarkable, and within e
25、ccentric limits his knowledge was so extraordinarily ample and minute that his observations have fairly astounded me. Surely no man would work so hard or attain such precise information unless he had some definite end in view. Desultory readers are seldom remarkable for the exactness of their learni
26、ng. No man burdens his mind with small matters unless he has some very good reason for doing so.His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way wh
27、o he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar System. That any civilized human being in this nineteenth century should not be aware that the earth travelled round
28、the sun appeared to me to be such an extraordinary fact that I could hardly realize it.“You appear to be astonished,“ he said, smiling at my expression of surprise. Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it.”“To forget it!”“You see J he explained, I consider that a mans brain originally
29、is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best is jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has a diff
30、iculty in laying his hands upon it. Now the skilful workman is very careful indeed as to what he takes into his brain-attic. He will have nothing but the tools which may help him in doing his work, but of these he has a large assortment, and all in the most perfect order. It is a mistake to think th
31、at that little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you knew before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”“But the Solar Sy
32、stem! I protested.“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently: you say that we go round the sun. If we went round the moon it would not make a pennyworth of difference to me or to my work.”I was on the point of asking him what that work might be, but something in his manner showed me th
33、at the question would be an unwelcome one. I pondered over our short conversation, however, and endeavoured to draw my deductions from it. He said that he would acquire no knowledge which did not bear upon his object. Therefore all the knowledge which he possessed was such as would be useful to him.
34、 I enumerated in my own mind all the various points upon which he had shown me that he was exceptionally well informed. I even took a pencil and jotted them down. I could not help smiling at the document when I had completed it. It ran in this way:他并拢脚跟，举手敬礼Sherlock Holmes一his limits1. Knowledge of
35、Literature. Nil.2. Philosophy. Nil.3. Astronomy. 一Nil.4. Politics. Feeble.5. Botany. 一Variable.Well up in belladonna, opium, and poisons generally. Knows nothing of practical gardening.6. Knowledge of Geology. Practical, but limited.Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks has
36、shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what part of London he had received them.7. Knowledge of Chemistry. 一Profound.8. ” Anatomy. 一Accurate, but unsystematic.9. Sensational Literature. Immense.He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated i
37、n the century.10. Plays the violin well.11. Is an expert singlestick player, boxer, and swordsman.12. Has a good practical knowledge of British law.When I had got so far in my list I threw it into the fire in despair. If I can only find what the fellow is driving at by reconciling all these accompli
38、shments, and discovering a calling which needs them all,“ I said to myself, I may as well give up the attempt at once.”I see that I have alluded above to his powers upon the violin. These were very remarkable, but as eccentric as all his other accomplishments. That he could play pieces, and difficul
39、t pieces, I knew well, because at my request he has played me some of Mendelssohns Lieder, and other favourites. When left to himself, however, he would seldom produce any music or attempt any recognized air. Leaning back in his armchair of an evening, he would close his eyes and scrape carelessly a
40、t the fiddle which was thrown across his knee. Sometimes the chords were sonorous and melancholy. Occasionally they were华生在旺德战役中负伤regiment was stationed in India at the time, and before I could join it, the second Afghan war had broken out. On landing at Bombay, I learned that my corps had advanced
41、through the passes, and was already deep in the enemys country. I followed, however, with many other officers who were in the same situation as myself, and succeeded in reaching Candahar in safety, where I found my regiment, and at once entered upon my new duties.The campaign brought honours and pro
42、motion to many, but for me it had nothing but misfortune and disaster. I was removed from my brigade and attached to the Berkshires, with whom I served at the fatal battle of Maiwand. There I was struck on the shoulder by a Jezail bullet, which shattered the bone and grazed the subclavian artery. I
43、should have fallen into the hands of the murderous Ghazis had it not been for the devotion and courage shown by Murray, my orderly, who threw me across a packhorse, and succeeded in bringing me safely to the British lines.Worn with pain, and weak from the prolonged hardships which I had undergone, I
44、 was removed, with a great train of wounded sufferers, to the base hospital at Peshawar. Here I rallied, and had already improved so far as to be able to walk about the wards, and even to bask a little upon the veranda,when I was struck down by enteric fever, that curse of our Indian possessions. Fo
45、r months my life was despaired of, and when at last I came to myself and became convalescent, I was so weak and emaciated that a medical board determined that not a day should be lost in sending me back to England. I was despatched, accordingly, in the troopship Orontes, and landed a month later on
46、Portsmouth jetty, with my health irretrievably ruined, but with permission from a paternal government to spend the next nine months in attempting to improve it.I had neither kith nor kin in England, and was therefore as free as air oras free as an income of eleven shillings and sixpence a day will p
47、ermit a man to be. Under such circumstances I naturally gravitated to London, that great cesspool into which all the loungers and idlers of the Empire are irresistibly drained. There I stayed for some time at a private hotel in the Strand, leading a comfortless, meaningless existence, and spending s
48、uch money as I had, considerably more freely than I ought. So alarming did the state of my finances become, that I soon realized that I must either leave the metropolis and rusticate somewhere in the country, or that I must make a complete alteration in my style of living. Choosing the latter altern
49、ative, I began by making up my mind to leave the hotel, and take up my quarters in some less pretentious and less expensive domicile.On the very day that I had come to this conclusion, I was standing at the Criterion Bar, when someone tapped me on the shoulder, and turning round I recognized young Stamford, who had been a dresser under me at Barrs， The sight of a friendly face i